questions to be answered:
DESCRIPTION
EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Lars Müller European Commission DG ENV.C.2, Brussels André Jol European Environment Agency Copenhagen. Questions to be answered:. What is our legal basis? What are we doing? Who does it? And what happens by when? Institutional arrangements and working procedure - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism
Lars Müller European Commission
DG ENV.C.2, Brussels
André JolEuropean Environment Agency
Copenhagen
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Questions to be answered:
• What is our legal basis?• What are we doing? Who does it? And what
happens by when?Institutional arrangements and working procedure
• What are the products?• Where do we stand today?
Where do we expect to go? Actual and projected progress
• European Climate Change Programme
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Legal basis
• UNFCCC (in future KP)– Guidelines on National Communications and annual
inventories (FCCC/CP/1999/7, decision 3/CP.5) and IPCC Good Practice Guidance
– Marrakech Accords and revised guidelines for inventories, from April 2004 (FCCC/CP/2002/8, decision 18/CP.8)
• EU– Council Decision on GHG Monitoring (Decision
389/93/EEC as amended by decision 296/99/EC)– (internal) guidelines
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Sharing the EC target of –8%
Germany -21%
United Kingdom -12.5%
Italy -6.5%
Denmark -21%
Netherlands -6%
Belgium -7.5%
Austria -13%
Luxembourg -28%
Finland 0%
France 0%
Sw eden +4%
Ireland +13%
Portugal +27%
Greece +25%
Spain +15%
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
GHG emissions (million tonnes CO2-eq.)
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ITSummary of current Monitoring
Mechanism
• Monitoring the emissions of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases and removals by sinks,
• Annual GHG inventory reporting by MS to the European Commission
• EC inventory is the Sum of 15 Member States
• Member States report their respective data to UNFCCC
• Implementation and annual reporting of national programmes (including policies and measures) and emission projections to the Commission and
• Evaluation of progress and reporting to the European Parliament and Council by the Commission
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ITEC GHG inventory institutional
arrangements• Member states prepare inventory according to UNFCCC
Guidelines and participate in EC Monitoring mechanism committee, assisted by three working groups
• Working group I promotes improvement of all GHG inventory quality aspects (transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness, accuracy and use of good practices)
• Working group II promotes improvement of quality of reporting on GHG emission projections (transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness)
• Working Group III promotes implementation of EC emissions trading scheme
• European Commission (DG ENV) responsible for submission to UNFCCC, assisted by EEA (and European Topic Centre Air and Climate Change, ETC/ACC) and Eurostat and JRC
• EC “National Inventory Report” follows UNFCCC Guidelines
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ITData flow EC GHG Monitoring
Austria
Belgium
UK
Sweden
FinlandGermany
LuxembourgItaly
GreeceDenmark
FranceIrelandNetherlands
Portugal
Spain
EU
European Commission
(ENV, ESTAT, JRC)and EEA
UNFCCC
Parliament Council
Annual progress report
CRF and NIR
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ITData flow EC GHG Monitoring
Austria
Belgium
UK
Sweden
FinlandGermany
LuxembourgItaly
GreeceDenmark
FranceIrelandNetherlands
Portugal
Spain
EU
European Commission
(ENV, ESTAT, JRC)and EEA
UNFCCC
Parliament Council
CRF and NIR
Annual progress report
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Preparation EC inventory
1MS submission of inventory to Commission
31 December
2Initial check of submission by Commission
Jan
3Compilation and circulation of draft EC inventory
1 March
4Submission of updated od additional data to commission
Up to 1 April
5 Submission to UNFCCC 15 April
6EC internal review and improvement of inventory
May to December
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ITAnnual process of submission and review of MS inventories and compilation of the EC inventory
Element Who When What 1. Submission of annual inventory by MS to Commission
Member States 31 December annually
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions and CO2 removals by sinks, for the year n-1 Emissions by source and removals by sinks of the other greenhouse gases; Final data for the year n-2 and provisional data for the year n-1 2)
2. Initial check of MS submissions
European Commission (incl. Eurostat), assisted by EEA
up to 1 March Initial checks (by EEA) Comparison of energy data in MS IPCC Reference Approach with Eurostat energy data (by Eurostat and MS)
3. Compilation and circulation of draft EC inventory
European Commission (incl. Eurostat), assisted by EEA
1 March Draft EC inventory (by EEA), based on MS inventories and additional information where needed Circulation of the draft EC inventory on 1 March
4. Submission of updated or additional data by MS to Commission
Member States up to 1 April Updated or additional data submitted by MS 3)
5. Final annual EC inventory to UNFCCC
European Commission (incl. Eurostat), assisted by EEA
15 April Submission to UNFCCC of the final annual EC inventory. This inventory will also be used to evaluate progress as part of the Monitoring Mechanism
6. Additional review of MS submissions and EC inventory
European Commission (incl. Eurostat), assisted by EEA
June to December
Additional review aimed at improving the next annual MS and EC inventories In November Eurostat makes available to MS energy balance data (1990 to inventory year)
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ITAnnual procedure for the EU
Progress Assessment1. Drafting of technical reports on Trends in emissions / projections and policies and measures
15 April until 15 J uly
Emission/removal trends for key source sectors at EU level and also for each MS./ information on policies and measures, their effects, and the projected emissions/removals at EU level and for each MS
2. Drafting of Commission Monitoring Mechanism progress report
15 J une until 5 Sept.
Evaluation of actual and projected progress, based on MS information. Extended analyses, comparison with Community wide projections; Community policies and measures based on first draft EEA technical reports
3. Circulation of final draft of technical reports on GHG emission (and sinks) trends and on projections and policies and measures
15 J uly Final draft of technical reports circulated to Member States on 15 J uly. Drafting of the Commission’s progress report continues in parallel to technical review of the EEA technical reports.
4. Review by MS of (EEA) technical reports. Comments by MS.
15 J uly until 29 August
Member States checking data and the various analyses in the reports.
5. Revision of (EEA) technical reports 30 Aug. until 5 Sept.
Revision of EEA technical reports according to Member States comments
6. Draft Circulation to MS / Committee Members
5 September Evaluation of actual and projected progress, based on MS and Community policies and measures.
7. Monitoring Mechanism committee decision on draft progress report
15 Sept. Inclusion of conclusions and comments by Member States; adoption of draft Commission progress report
8. Adoption by European Com. and submission to Parliament and Council
Until end of November
Final Commission progress report, formal adoption translation and publication
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ITEC GHG inventory improvement
• Eurostat improvement project for national energy balances and annual estimation of EC CO2 emissions (IPCC Reference Approach)
• JRC compares national estimates for carbon sinks (focus on forests) and coordinates a project for improving GHG emissions from agriculture (focus on N2O from soils)
• QA/QC of EC inventory depends on QA/QC systems for national GHG inventories
• Data gap filling to achieve complete EC inventory is limited to few countries
• Minor differences between EC and Member States’ inventories, which are further being reduced through the UNFCCC review process (centralised review of EC inventory, Sep. 2002)
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New Monitoring decision (Proposal COM(2003) 51 final) • CO-decision Procedure
• Basic requirements in decision - further technical details in “implementing provisions” to be adopted
• Establishment of EC greenhouse gas inventory system (KP Art. 5.1)
• Internal procedures for the review process and adjustments (KP Art. 5.2 and Art. 8)
• Reporting on accounting of assigned amounts and national registries (KP Art. 7.1, 7.2 and 7.4)
• Supplementary information to be incorporated in the periodic communications to the UNFCCC
• Policies and measures and Projections
• details yet to be decided (ongoing procedure in Council and Parliament)
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ITEU greenhouse gas emissions in relation to
the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)
97,7
92,0
101,6
80
90
100
110
120
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Ind
ex
(ba
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ea
r =
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Greenhouse gas emissions Target path 2010
GHG target 2010 CO2 emissions
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Protocol targets for 2008-2012
Base year 1) 2001Change
2000–2001 Change base
year–2001
Targets 2008–12 under Kyoto Protocol
and "EU burden sharing"
(million tonnes) (million tonnes) (%) (%) (%)
Austria 78,3 85,9 4,8% 9,6% -13,0%
Belgium 141,2 150,2 0,2% 6,3% -7,5%
Denmark 2)69,5 69,4 1,8% -0,2% (-10,7%) -21,0%
Finland 77,2 80,9 7,3% 4,7% 0,0%
France 558,4 560,8 0,5% 0,4% 0,0%
Germany 1216,2 993,5 1,2% -18,3% -21,0%
Greece 107,0 132,2 1,9% 23,5% 25,0%
Ireland 53,4 70,0 2,7% 31,1% 13,0%
Italy 509,3 545,4 0,3% 7,1% -6,5%
Luxembourg 10,9 6,1 1,3% -44,2% -28,0%
Netherlands 211,1 219,7 1,3% 4,1% -6,0%
Portugal 61,4 83,8 1,9% 36,4% 27,0%
Spain 289,9 382,8 -1,1% 32,1% 15,0%
Sweden 72,9 70,5 2,2% -3,3% 4,0%
United Kingdom 747,2 657,2 1,3% -12,0% -12,5%
EU-15 4204,0 4108,3 1,0% -2,3% -8,0%
MEMBER STATE
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changes from base year to 2001
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
Germany
United Kingdom
Italy
Denmark
Netherlands
Belgium
Austria
Luxembourg
Finland
France
Sw eden
Ireland
Portugal
Greece
Spain
GHG emissions (million tonnes CO2-eq.)
GHG targets
Change base year -2001
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MS Example: Germany, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)
81,779,0
85,8
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Inde
x (b
ase
year
= 1
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Greenhouse gas emissions
Target path 2010
GHG target 2010
CO2 emissions
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MS Example: UK, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)
87,588,0
95,3
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Inde
x (b
ase
year
= 1
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Greenhouse gas emissions
Target path 2010
GHG target 2010
CO2 emissions
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MS Example: Spain, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)
115,0
132,1135,1
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Ind
ex
(ba
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ea
r =
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Greenhouse gas emissions
Target path 2010
GHG target 2010
CO2 emissions
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EC key sources covering 90% of emissions
Remainder10%
Agricultural Soils (N2O)5%
Mineral Products (CO2)3%
Enteric Fermentation (CH4)3%
Manufacturing Industries (CO2) 14%
Solid Waste Disposal on Land (CH4)
2% Energy Industries (CO2)27%
Transport (CO2)20%
Other Sectors (CO2)16%
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ITEC CO2 emissions from energy industries
compared with electricity consumption
123
9896
60
80
100
120
140
Electricty consumption
CO2 emissions
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ITEC CO2 emissions from transport, compared
with road freight transport development
142
120118
60
80
100
120
140
160
Freight transport on road
CO2 emissions from transport
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ITEC CO2 emissions from transport, compared with road passenger transport development
117
120118
60
80
100
120
140
160
Passenger transport in cars
CO2 emissions from transport
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ITEC Member States CO2 emissions from
transport
5%
8%
10%
16%
18%
20%
22%
23%
23%
24%
48%
55%
73%
78%
120%
1%
-40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140%
Finland
United Kingdom
Sweden
Germany
Denmark
France
EU15
Netherlands
Italy
Belgium
Greece
Austria
Spain
Luxembourg
Portugal
Ireland
% change 90-01
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ITEC CO2 emissions from manufacturing
industries compared with gross value added
113
9192
60
80
100
120
140
Gross value added
CO2 emissions
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ITEC CH4 emissions from waste compared with
waste disposal on land
73
72
60
80
100
120
140
Waste disposal on land
CH4 emissions
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ITEC GHG projections for 2010,
information basis• Information provided to the European Commission until
mid 2002 and reported in December 2002 (Commission Communication)
• Third national communication for Au, Be, Fi, Fr, Nl, Sp, Sw, UK
• Additional information under the EU GHG Monitoring mechanism for Be, Dk, Fi, Fr, Ge, Gr, Ir, It, Nl, Pt, Sw, UK
• All projections for 2010 are excluding carbon sinks and only include domestic policies and measures (no inclusion of Kyoto mechanisms)
• Updated information being incorporated in Commission communication due end of 2003
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ITEC GHG emission projection 2010 (based on
national projections)
80
90
100
110
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
(Bas
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100
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80
90
100
110
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
(Bas
e ye
ar =
100
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80
90
100
110
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
(Bas
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With measures
With additional measures
Target –8%
Actual emissions
With measuresWith measures
With additional measures
With additional measures
Target –8%
Actual emissions
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Kyoto Protocol targets for 2008-2012 Base year
from projection (MtCO2)
Base year from
inventories (2002)
(MtCO2)
EU Burden sharing
Commitment implied by
burden sharing
(MtCO2)
Scenario with existing p&ms
in 2010 (MtCO2)
Scenario with existing p&ms (% change in
2010)
Gap (MtCO2)
Gap (in % of
1990)
Austria 77.2 77.4 -13.0% -10.0 8.9 11.5% -18.9 -24.5%
Belgium 145.0 143.1 -7.5% -10.9 22.4 15.4% -33.3 -22.9%
Denmark 76.0 69.4 -21.0% -16.0 -13.4 -17.6% -2.6 -3.4%
Finland 77.1 77.1 0,0% 0.0 12.8 16.6% -12.,8 -16.6%
France 545.0 551.8 0.0% 0.0 49.3 9.0% -49.3 -9.0%
Germany 1225.0 1222.8 -21.0% -257.2 -412.9 -33.7% +155.6 +12.7%
Greece 99.3 104.8 25.0% 24.8 28.7 28.9% -3.9 -3.9%
Ireland 53.8 53.4 13.0% 7.0 21.4 39.8% -14.4 -26.8%
Italy 543.0 522.1 -6.5% -35.3 44.0 8.1% -79.3 -14.6%
Luxembourg 12.4 10.8 -28.0% -3.5 -2.8 -22.9% -0.6 -5.1%
Netherlands 212.0 210.3 -6.0% -12.7 13.0 6.1% -25.7 -12.1%
Portugal 64.8 65.1 27.0% 17.5 37.6 58.1% -20.1 -31.1%
Spain 207.0 286.4 15.0% 31.1 100.0 48.3% -69.0 -33.3%
Sweden 70.4 70.6 4.0% 2.8 0,5 0.7% +2.3 +3.3%
UK 744.7 742.5 -12.5% -93.1 -103.8 -13.9% +10.7 +1.4%
Total EC 4152.6 4207.6 -8.0% -355.8 -194.2 -4.7% -161.6 -3.3%
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ITMS Example: UK,
GHG emission projection 2010
70
80
90
100
110
12019
90
1995
2000
2005
2010
GH
G e
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(ba
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United Kingdom Trends United Kingdom With additional measures projections
United Kingdom With existing measures projections United Kingdom Target
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GHG emission projection 2010
100
110
120
130
140
150
16019
90
1995
2000
2005
2010
GH
G e
mis
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ns
(ba
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Portugal Trends Portugal Target
Portugal With existing measures projections
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EU policies and measures
• National programmes– Reported to UNFCCC and European Commission– National responsibility
• EU common and coordinated policies and measures– Central part of EU climate strategy to
complement national programmes– Often EU Directive or other legal instrument, to
be implemented by Member States– European Climate Change Programme is key
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ECCP: main elements
• Objectives– Identify and develop main elements of
EC strategy to meet its -8% Kyoto objective cost effectively
– Prepare the Commission to develop legislative and other proposals
• Major Milestones– launch March 2000– June 2001 : first progress report– October 2001 : Commission Communication on ECCP
Action Plan– May 2003 : second progress report
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EU policies and measures
• National programmes– Reported to UNFCCC and European Commission– National responsibility
• EU common and coordinated policies and measures– Central part of EU climate strategy to
complement national programmes– Often EU Directive or other legal instrument, to
be implemented by Member States– European Climate Change Programme is key
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ECCP: scope and organisation
Working groups- Emissions trading- flexible mechanisms- Energy supply- Energy demand- end-use equipment- Transport- Industry- fluorinated gasses- Research- Agriculture- Sinks ag. soils- Forestry sinks
ECCP steering committee
ECCP Principles •integration •transparency•stakeholder consultation
•group expertise •build consensus
ECCP Approach •reduction potential•cost-effective•cross-sectoral•time frame •ancillary effects
WG Reports/
P&M analysed
conclusions
Commission action plan
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ITReduction potential of GHG under cost-
effectiveness aspects for sectors in EU until 2010 (including full implementation of the ACEA Agreement)
Marginal cost€20/tCO2 eq
Emissions1990 or 95Mt CO2
equivalent
Baselineemissions for2010 withexistingmeasures
Cost-effectivepotential beyondbaselineprojection for2010
Energy sector 1422 -6% -13%
Industry 757 -9% -12%Transport 753 31% -4%Households 447 0% -6%Services 176 14% -15%Agriculture 417 -5% -4%Waste 166 -18% -13%Total 4138 1% -9%
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ECCP : main results• Total reduction potential of 40 identified measures :
578 -696 Mt CO2eq. = twice Kyoto ‘-8%’
• EU Measures currently “in implementation” potential of 276 -316 Mt CO2eq. … but need for monitoring of effectiveness and review
• measures in 2003 Commission work program : proposals on Energy Efficiency of Products, energy services,
HFCs & Mobile Air condition, link ET - flexible mechanisms• preparations for new measures or on-going...
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ITMeasures included in Commission 2002-2004 Work Programme
• EU wide emissions trading
• Link JI/CDM to ET
• containment / monitoring of fluorinated gases (incl. MAC)
• revision of Monitoring Decision (implement Marrakech)
• renewable energy sources (Electricity / Biofuels)
• energy-efficiency standards for equipment
• energy demand-side management
• combined heat and power generation
• modal shift in transport
• Transport infrastructure use & charging
• Energy performance buildings
• Review voluntary agreement car industr.
• Energy taxation
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ECCP : outlook and future challenges
• Update and strengthening of Commission ECCP action plan
• transport emissions rising concern
• renewables : accelerated progress is required
• integration CC in CAP , structural funds
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For further information you may look at:
www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climate/home_en.htm
andthemes.eea.eu.int/Environmental_issues/climate
THANK YOU !