quick apa referencing guide for nursing -...

S\LLS\Main\Learning Services\Handouts\Quick_APA_Nursing_Referencing_Guide.docx

Quick APA Referencing Guide for Nursing When you quote, paraphrase or summarise other people’s information, ideas or opinions, you have to cite your sources in the text of your assignment. In addition, you have to provide a reference list containing full information for each source that matches your citations. (Please refer to An Introduction to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism at Ara and APA Referencing: A Guide for Ara Students for more information).

Full reference (in reference list) In-text citation

Printed book by one author Jarvis, C. (2008). Physical examination and health assessment (5th ed.). St Louis, MO:

Saunders Elsevier.

Jarvis (2008, p. 124) stated that ___ or ___ (Jarvis, 2008, p. 124).

Printed book by two authors

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2009). Principles of anatomy and physiology (12th ed.).

New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

___ (Tortora & Derrickson, 2009, p. 212).

Printed book by three to five authors

Francis, K., Chapman, Y., Hoare, K., & Mills, J. (2007). Australia and New Zealand community as partner: Theory and practice in nursing. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

First citation: ___ (Francis, Chapman, Hoare & Mills, p. 66). All subsequent citations: ___ (Francis et al., 2009, p. 78).

Printed chapter or article in a multi-author book (each chapter is written by different authors) Howden-Chapman, P., & Bierre, S. (2008). Reducing health inequalities by improving

housing. In K. Dew, & A. Matheson (Eds.), Understanding health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. 161-171). Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press.

___ (Howden-Chapman & Bierre, 2008, p. 164).

Printed book by an organisational author (e.g. a government agency or professional association)

Ministry of Health. (2003). HIV/AIDS action plan: Sexual and reproduction health strategy. Wellington, New Zealand: Author.

First citation: ___ (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2003, p. 34). All subsequent citations: ___ (MOH, 2003, p. 34).

DSM-IV TR

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental

disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-IV-TR] stated___ (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IVTR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 45).

Electronic book from subscription database

Payne, S., Seymour, J., & Ingleton, C. (2008). Palliative care nursing: Principles and evidence for practice. Retrieved from EBL.

___ (Payne, Seymour & Ingleton, 2008, p. 77).


Printed booklet, brochure, pamphlet, and fact sheet

Ministry of Health. (2007). Food for health [Pamphlet]. Wellington, New Zealand: Author.

___ (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2007, Takeaway Foods section, para. 1).

Printed reference materials (e.g. encyclopaedias and dictionaries)

Carson-DeWitt, R., & Odle, T. G. (2006). Cancer. In D. Olendorf, C. Jeryan, & K.

Boyden (Eds.), The Gale encyclopaedia of medicine (3rd ed., Vol. 2. pp.

701709). Detroit, MI: Gale.

Carson-DeWitt and Odle (2006, p. 703) stated that ___ ___ (Carson-DeWitt & Odle, 2006, p. 703).

Reference materials in electronic format

Scogna, K. (2008). Homeostasis. In K. L. Lerner, & B. W. Lerner (Eds.), Gale

encyclopaedia of science (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 2146-2148). Retrieved from Gale

Virtual Reference Library database.

___ (Scogna, 2008, p. 2147).

A Cochrane Review Gates, S., & Anderson E. R. (2005). Wound drainage for caesarean section. In

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 1, Art. CD004549). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004549.pub2

___ (Gates & Anderson, 2005, p. 17).

Journal article in an electronic format with a DOI Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the

survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24(2), 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Herbst-Damm and Kulik (2005, p. 227) indicate that___ or ___ (Herbst-Damm & Kulik, 2005, p. 227).

Journal article with no DOI, retrieved from a library database Gunther, M., & Thomas, S. P. (2006). Nurses’ narratives of unforgettable patient care

events. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38(4), 370-376. Retrieved from ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source database.

Gunther and Thomas (2006, pp. 371- 372) suggest __ or ___ (Gunther & Thomas, 2006, pp. 371-372).

Journal article with no author (and no DOI), retrieved from an open access website (e.g. Google Scholar) An update on statins. (2010, August). Best Practice Journal, (30), 16-27. Retrieved

from http://www.bpac.org.nz/magazin /2010/august /docs/BPJ_30_august2010.pdf

___ (“An Update on Statins,” 2010, p.

19).

Web pages with organisation as author (where name of website is different from author) Ministry of Health. (2010). Maori public health perspective. Retrieved February 15,

2016, from Public Health Workforce Development website: http://www.publichealthworkforce.org.nz/Maori-public-healthperspective.aspx

First citation: ___ (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2010, para. 2). All subsequent citations: ___ (MOH, 2010, para. 2).

Web page with section headings

World Health Organization. (2011). The Ottawa charter for health promotion. Retrieved January 28, 2016, from http://www.who.int/healthpromotion

/conferences/previous /ottawa/en/print.html

___ (World Health Organization [WHO],

2011, Create Important Environments section, para. 2). Subsequent citation:

___ (WHO, 2011, Health Promotion Emblem section, para. 3).


Report in electronic format Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand. (2008). Maori action plan 2009-2012.

Retrieved from http://www.alac.org.nz/InpowerFiles/CorporateReports /maoriactionplanforweb.pdf

First citation: ___ Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand [ALAC], 2008, p. 22). All subsequent citations: ___ (ALAC, 2008, p. 27).

Newspaper article from a library database (no author) Government showing interest in Māori-style social services. (2009, November 14). The

New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre database.

___ (“Government Showing Interest,” 2009, para. 5).

Magazine article retrieved from a website Boland, J. (2009, April 11-17). Help me, nurse. New Zealand Listener, 218(3596).

Retrieved from http://www.listener.co.nz/issue/3596 /features/13106 /help_me_nurse,1.html

Boland (2009, para. 3) reports that ___ or ___ (Boland, 2009, para. 3).

Audio/Video Clip from a library database Silverstein, S. (Author). (2007). Evidence-based pressure ulcer management [Video file].

Retrieved from ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source database

Silverstein (2007)___ or ___ (Silverstein, 2007).

Course materials retrieved from Moodle Daellenbach, R. (2007). Evidence informed midwifery practice [PowerPoint

slides]. Retrieved December 6, 2007, from Ara School of Midwifery BMMR201 Moodle Web site: http://moodle.cpit.ac.nz/mod/resource /view.php?id =5484

Daellenbach (2007) suggests ____ or ___ (Daellenbach, 2007).

Figures (graphs, diagrams, charts, maps and photographs)

Statistics New Zealand. (2008, November 10). Life expectancy at birth: Total population by sex 1950-52 to 2005-7[Graph]. In New Zealand period life tables: 2005-07. Retrieved January 7, 2001 from http://search.stats .govt.nz/nav/ct2/health_lifeexpectancy/ct1/health/0

Figure 1. Life expectancy at birth: Total population by sex 1950-52 to 2005-7 (Statistics New Zealand, 2008, p. 1). Note: Place the citation below the figure.

Personal communication (e.g. lecture, email, interview) Do not include personal communication in your reference list because the information is not recoverable. Simply cite personal communication in your assignment text.

The General Manager of CapitalCorp, T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2010), believed that ___

Examples of citation in text when using a paraphrase:

Students need to evaluate their information sources and choose the most useful ones; this evaluation is ongoing throughout the research process (Perrin, 2004, p. 9). or Perrin (2004, p. 9) believed students need to evaluate their information sources and choose the most useful ones. He suggested this evaluation is ongoing throughout the research process. or Scanning material first to get an overview can help students understand and remember information (Emerson & Hampton, 2005, para. 7). or Emerson and Hampton (2005, para. 7) suggested that scanning material first to get an overview can help students understand and remember information.


Examples of citation in text using direct quotations

• Quotations must match the source word for word and must acknowledge the original author. Use quotations

carefully in your assignments. They should be concise and no more than 10 percent of the word limit of your

assignment. The quote needs to be relevant and integrated smoothly into your sentence.

• Quotations are either short (fewer than 40 words) or long (more than 40 words). • Use three spaced ellipsis points (. . .) within a sentence to indicate if you have omitted material from the original

source. Use four points to indicate any omission between two sentences. The sense of the original text needs to be

maintained.

Short quotations

• These appear within a normal paragraph, with the author’s words enclosed in double quotation marks:

Awards shows are now being subsumed by the unsavoury business of movie finance. “Movie studios love a good fight and a bad one too. But the Oscar battles have become trench warfare and dirty tricks” (Corliss, 2002, p. 60). or

Awards shows are now being subsumed by the unsavoury business of movie finance. Corliss (2002) observed “movie studios love a good fight, and a bad one too. But the Oscar battles have become trench warfare and dirty tricks” (p. 60).

How to cite a secondary citation

This is when you cite, in your work, some information or words that an author has taken from a work that you have not read.

You need to acknowledge both in the text of your assignment.

Miller (as cited in Doyal & Brown, 2003, p. 61) found that women in developed countries go to the doctor more often

than their male counterparts. or

Miller’s study on family health care (as cited in Doyal & Brown, 2003, p. 61) found that women in developed countries go to the doctor more often than their male counterparts.

How to cite a source more than once in the same paragraph:

If you are citing a source more than once in a paragraph, after the first citation you do not need to include the year in that

paragraph. However, if you are putting the whole citation in round brackets you do still need to include the year, so note that

the year is required in the final citation in the following example. If you then use the same source in another paragraph, you

must include the year again the first time you use it.

Among epidemiological samples, Kessler (2003, p. 132) found that early onset social anxiety disorder results in a more potent

and severe course. Children with social anxiety disorder also had a broader pattern of general psychopathology than their

older counterparts (Rao et al., 2007, p. 1188). Kessler (pp. 136-7) also found. . . . The study also showed that there was a high

rate of co morbidity with alcohol abuse or dependence and major depression (Kessler, 2003, p. 155).

How to cite in a paragraph that uses information from only one source:

When paraphrasing information from a single source over several sentences, you need only cite the source twice. This avoids

repetition and minimises the word count. The first citation includes the author, date and page number or page range. The

final citation also requires the author, date and page number or page range. Between the first and final citations in the

paragraph, any reference to the author does not require the date and page or page range (unless a direct quote is used).

Whitney and Rolfes (2008, p. 704) explained four common methods of food recovery that have been practised in the United

States. The first method is field gleaning, which involves gathering leftover crops from fields that have already been

harvested, or gathering from fields that are unprofitable to harvest. The second is perishable food salvage from wholesalers

and markets. The third is prepared food collection from commercial kitchens. The final method is non-perishable food

collection from wholesalers and markets (Whitney & Rolfes, 2008, p. 704).

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