Quick review of SQL

And conversion to Oracle SQL

Assuming…

• You know how to model data using– An ER diagram– A class diagram

• You know how to translate entity-relationship models into:– Tables– With constraints

SQL

• Structured Query Language• Made up of the following components:

– Data Manipulation Language (DML)– Data Definition Language (DDL)– Transaction control– Data Control Language (DCL)

• Oracle SQL complies with the core ANSI/ISO standard for SQL:2003, but is not completely compliant.

• It also has extensions, that are not compliant, so are not portable to non-Oracle databases.

DML

• SELECT

• INSERT

• UPDATE

• DELETE

DDL

• CREATE

• ALTER

• DROP– Any object in the database.

• TRUNCATE– Deletes all rows in a table.

Transaction control

• A database transaction is a unit of work that leaves the database in a consistent state.

• To ensure consistency, ongoing work can be committed, rolled back to a checkpoint, or rolled back completely.

• COMMIT

• ROLLBACK

Data Control Language

• These control user access to an Oracle database.

• These instructions include:– GRANT– REVOKE– SET ROLE…

Exercises Lab 1, Week 1• Learn the datatypes that are used in Oracle 10g.• Retrieve all columns and rows• Retrieve specific columns• Use SQL*Plus DESCRIBE command• Specify an alias for a column• Learn the SQL built-in functions provided by Oracle.• Learn about the DUAL table.• Build SELECT clause expressions

– with the Concatenation String operator– with arithmetic operators– with SQL built-in functions.

• Work with NULLs in a SELECT clause expression• Implement conditional log in SELECT clause expressions.• Retrieve specific rows from tables.

Exercises Lab 2, Week 1

• Building WHERE clause conditions– with relational operators– With subqueries

• Building composite WHERE Clause conditions with logical operators

• Grouping records in a query’s result set.• Rolling up groups into supergroups.• Ordering records in a query’s result set• Building an inner join of two tables• Building an outer join of two tables.• Inserting new rows in a table• Deleting rows from a table.

Lab 1 Week 2

• Committing and Rolling back transactions

• Writing and storing scripts.

Lab 2 Week 2

• Data Definition Language

• DCL

References

‘Hands-on Oracle Database 10g Express Edition for Windows’, Bobrowski, S., Oracle Press, McGraw Hill / Osborne, 2006.

‘Oracle Database 10g A Beginner’s guide’, Abramson, I., Abbey, M., Corey, M., Oracle Press, McGraw Hill / Osborne, 2004.