Quiz 1 -- Review

Psych 1A – Spring, 2011

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What is Psychology?Psychology can be defined as the discipline concerned with . . .

the mind, what it is, and how it works.

behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment

the understanding of people and relationships

the understanding and treatment of mental disorders

What is Psychology?Unlike modern psychologists, great thinkers of the past . . .

wanted to describe, predict, understand, and modify behavior

wanted to know what motivated people's actions.

relied on observations based on anecdote and description of individual cases

relied heavily on empirical evidence

What is Psychology?Who established the first psychological laboratory in 1879?

Joseph Gall Wilhelm Wundt

John Locke William James

What is Psychology?Which school of psychology emphasized the purpose of behavior as opposed to its analysis and description?

Behaviorism Structuralism

Humanism Functionalism

What is Psychology?Who founded the field of psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud E. B. Tichener

Wilhelm Wundt William James

What is Psychology?Which modern perspective focuses on how people reason, remember, understand language, and solve problems?

The sociocultural perspective The psychodynamic perspective

The learning perspective The cognitive perspective

What is Psychology?An important movement in psychology that emerged in the 1960s and rejected psychoanalysis and behaviorism was:

Gestalt psychology Evolutionary perspective

Feminism Humanism

What is Psychology?Which of the following is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public?

Consulting Teaching

Therapy Research

What is Psychology?In almost all states, a ________ is required to obtain a license to practice clinical psychology.

Master’s Degree (MFT, LCSW) Certificate from a psychoanalytic institute

Doctoral degree (PhD, PsyD, Ed.D)

Medical degree (MD)

How Do Psychologists Do Research?A(n) ________ is a statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena.

Operational definition Experiment

Hypothesis Theory

How Do Psychologists Do Research?An advantage of case studies is that . . .

general behavioral principles can be derived from them

they can confirm hypotheses.

they provide in-depth information about unusual cases.

they can help determine cause and effect.

How Do Psychologists Do Research?Which of the following methods would be most appropriate to study maternal behavior in chimpanzees?

Naturalistic observation Correlation

Experiments Case study

How Do Psychologists Do Research?An ideal scientist should . . .

Rely on scientific intuition

not express skepticism of new ideas

make sure theories are falsifiable

not make "risky predictions."

How Do Psychologists Do Research?An advantage of an experiment is that . . .

it is often useful in the first stages of a research program

firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn

it shows whether two or more variables are related.

it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people

How Do Psychologists Do Research?Statistical significance means that . . .

results are typical. results are unlikely to be due to chance

results are important results are meaningful.

How Do Psychologists Do Research?An advantage of a survey is that . . .

it is often useful in the first stages of a research program

firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn

it shows whether two or more variables are related.

it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people

How Do Psychologists Do Research?In a double-blind experiment . . .

neither the subjects nor the researcher know which subjects are in which group

neither the subjects in the experimental group nor the subjects in the control group know or can see the experimenter

neither the subjects in the experimental group nor the subjects in the control group know which group they are in.

neither the subjects in the experimental group nor the subjects in the control group know the experimental hypothesis

How Do Psychologists Do Research?Cross-sectional studies allow one to determine the . . .

statistical significance of results.

experimenter effects.

generational differences effect size.

How Do Psychologists Do Research?Which of the following is NOT a reason psychologists study animals?

To clarify theoretical questions

To discover practical applications

To improve human welfare To avoid use of deception

What is Psychology?An important characteristic of critical thinkers is:

the acceptance of intuition as a valid source of ideas.

the willingness to engage in vigorous debate about the validity of an idea

the understanding that judgment of opinions and ideas is inappropriate

the belief that all opinions are created equal

What is Psychology?Which of the following is NOT a reason that the frequency of genes in a population may change over many generations?

mutation. crossover of genetic material

addition of new amino acidscopying errors

Genes, Evolution & EnvironmentWhat are rod-shaped paired structures made of DNA

that are located in the nucleus of the cell called?

Genomes Genetic Markers

Chromosomes Genes

Genes, Evolution & EnvironmentWhich of the following is NOT an innate

human characteristic?

Basic computational skills

Walking

Sucking reflex

Novelty

Genes, Evolution & EnvironmentWhat is the term for the estimate of the proportion of the total variance in a trait that is attributed to genetics?

Heritability

Evolutionary Psychology

Nature Effect

Nativism

Genes, Evolution & EnvironmentSociobiologists predict that, compared to males, females are

more likely to be . . .

Monogamous Promiscuous

Polygamous

To choose a young, attractive mate

Genes, Evolution & EnvironmentTabula rasa was a term Watson used to describe human nature. The term means:

Natural selection Blank slate

Innate characteristics Genetic leash

Genes, Evolution & EnvironmentEstimates of the heritability of intelligence:

Increase with age

Decrease with age

Do not change with age

Explain differences between groups

Genes, Evolution & EnvironmentWhich of the following is not associated with reduced mental ability?

Having a mentally ill sibling

Poor prenatal care

Malnutrition

Stressful family circumstances

How Do Psychologists Do Research?APA ethical standards require researchers to:

Obtain informed consent from subjects

Avoid double-blind studies

Avoid the use of deception

Limit the use of volunteers as subjects

How Do Psychologists Do Research?Descriptive statistics:

Show how likely it is that a study’s results occurred merely by chance

Organize and summarize research data

Allow determination of statistical significance

Allow researchers to draw inferences about their results