qur'aanic arabic lesson لُﺼِ ﺘﻤُﻝا ْ رﻴُﻤِﻀﻝا · pdf...
TRANSCRIPT
Qur'aanic Arabic
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Phrases of the lesson
In the cause (way) of Allaah في سبيل اهللا ’ Îû È≅‹Î6y™ «! $# ⟨ ١
Say "This is my way" يقل هذه سبيل ö≅ è% ÍνÉ‹≈yδ þ’ Í?ŠÎ6y™ ⟨ ٢
On the heart of every arrogant, tyrant.
’4 على كل قلب متكبر جبار n?tã Èe≅ à2 É= ù= s% 9� Éi9 s3tFãΒ 9‘$¬6y_ ⟨ ٣
On your (m. s.) heart ك ب على قل 4’ n?tã y7 Î7ù= s% ⟨ ٤
He guides his heart ه يهد قلب ω öκu‰ … çµt6ù= s% ⟨ ٥
In his heart, (there is) a disease
’ مرض ه في قلب Îû ϵÎ7 ù= s% ÖÚt� tΒ ⟨ ٦ Verily! I am Allaah! No God Except Me (none has the right to be worshipped but Me)
ûÍ_‾Ρ أناأنا اهللا ال إله إال يإنن Î) $tΡ r& ª!$# Iω tµ≈ s9 Î) HωÎ) O$tΡ r& ⟨ ٧
And Moosaa said: "O Fir3awn (Pharaoh)! Verily, I am a Messenger from the Lord of the worlds
يوقال موسى يا فرعون إن رسول من رب العالمين
tΑ$s% uρ 4†y›θãΒ ãβöθtã ö� Ï�≈ tƒ ’ ÎoΤÎ) ×Αθß™u‘
ÏiΒ Éb> §‘ tÏϑ n=≈ yèø9 $# ∩⊇⊃⊆∪ ⟨ ٨
Indeed, it is the truth from your Lord
ه إن من رب ك الحق çµ‾Ρ Î) ‘,ysø9 $# ÏΒ y7 Îi/¢‘ ⟨ ٩ Allaah is our Lord and your Lord
كم رب و ان رب اهللا ª! $# $uΖ š/u‘ öΝ ä3š/u‘ uρ ⟨ ١٠
O sister (i.e. the like) of Haaroon (Aaron)! Your (f. s.) father was not a bad man, nor your (f. s.) mother was an unchaste woman."
ك ا كان أبو ارون م ا أخت ه ي بغيا ك ا كانت أم مرأ سوء وم ا
|M ÷zé' ‾≈ tƒ tβρã�≈ yδ $tΒ tβ% x. Ï8θç/ r& r&t� øΒ $#
& öθy™ $tΒ uρ ôM tΡ%x. Å7 •Βé& $|‹ Éót/ ⟨ ١١
Has come to you a Reminder from your Lord through a man from amongst you
على كم ذكر من رب كم جاء كم رجل من
öΝ ä.u !% y Ö� ò2ÏŒ ÏiΒ öΝä3În/ §‘ 4’ n?tã
9≅ ã_u‘ öΝ ä3ΖÏiΒ ⟨ ١٢
LESSON LESSON LESSON LESSON 8
مير المتصل الضThe Attached
pronouns
(Part 1)
The attached pronouns appear in red.
Qur'aanic Arabic
www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 95
WRITING RULES
- The word ⟨ r& t�øΒ $# in line 11 is the same as امرؤ (man) we had in lesson
2 page 17 when we mentioned the words that start with Hamzatu-l-wasl
الوصل همزة with Kasrah كسرة
The word امرأ can be written in three forms ( امرئ )– امرؤ –امرأ .
It is a special word in Arabic where the last letter and the letter before
are changing due to the conjugation.
- The change of the seat of Hamzah in this word is due to the general
rule of writing the Hamzah at the end of the word:
1- If Hamzah comes at the end of word preceded by Fat-hah, it will be
written over Alif ( خطأ –بدأ ( امرأ - 2- If Hamzah comes at the end of word preceded by Dhammah, it will
be written over Waaw ( لؤلؤ –امرؤ )
3- If Hamzah comes at the end of word preceded by Kasrah, it will be
written over Yaa' without dots ( شاطئ –امرئ )
4- If Hamzah comes at the end of word preceded by Sukoon, it will be
written aloof on the line ( دفء –شيء )
The seat of Hamzah at the end of the word depends on the mark
preceding it not on the mark of the Hamzah itself.
*It is important to remind here you that the seat is not pronounced, but
is only an orthographic convention in the spelling of words with Hamzah.
The reading of Hamzah depends only on the mark it has.
- The phrase ⟨ ãβöθ tãö� Ï�≈ tƒ : O Pharaoh, is composed of two words:
.(Fir3awn: Pharaoh) فرعون and ( أداة نداء ) which is a particle of call يا
The two words were written as one word in the Qur'aanic script. Same
for ⟨| M÷zé'‾≈ tƒ it is composed of يا + أخت
Qur'aanic Arabic
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Advise for this lesson
خالص اإلThe sincerity
!$tΒ uρ (# ÿρâ÷ É∆é& āωÎ) (#ρ߉ ç6÷èu‹ Ï9 ©! $# tÅÁÎ= øƒèΧ ã&s! tÏe$!$# u !$x� uΖ ãm (#θßϑ‹ É)ãƒuρ nο4θn= ¢Á9 $# (#θè? ÷σãƒuρ nο4θx. ¨“9 $# 4 y7 Ï9≡sŒuρ ߃ϊ Ïπyϑ ÍhŠs) ø9$# ∩∈∪ ⟨
"And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allaah, and worship none "And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allaah, and worship none "And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allaah, and worship none "And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allaah, and worship none
but Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing partners to Him), and perform Asbut Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing partners to Him), and perform Asbut Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing partners to Him), and perform Asbut Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing partners to Him), and perform As----SSSSalaaalaaalaaalaahhhh and and and and
give Zakaagive Zakaagive Zakaagive Zakaahhhh, and that is the right religion.", and that is the right religion.", and that is the right religion.", and that is the right religion."
“Sincerity is achieved when Muslim brothers or sisters have the intention to please
Allaah Almighty in all their endeavors whether in speech or action. The Muslim seeks
generous rewards from Allah Almighty without considering any other motives.
Signs of Sincerity
- To have good intentions before starting a task.
- Habits are changed by acts of worship
- To perfect one’s duty in private and in public.
- To dislike being praised by others, with the Du3aa': “O Allah, forgive me for what they
do not know about me, and make me better than what they think of me.”
- To welcome advice from friends.
- To not seek leadership and not nominate yourself for positions of authority.
- To be constantly mindful of one’s shortcomings, and to advise or wish others well.
- To feel that your contribution is minimal compared to others.
- To love performing the Fajr, 3ishaa’, and night prayers.
- To prefer giving charity in secret.
). We therefore have to exert ourselves saakhlIThese are some of the signs of sincerity (
to achieve sincerity because it is a great loss to work hard and end up losing everything.
ö≅ è% þ’ÎoΤ Î) ßNö� ÏΒ é& ÷βr& y‰ç7 ôã r& ©!$# $TÁÎ= øƒèΧ çµ©9 tÏe$!$# ∩⊇⊇∪ ⟨
Say (O Muhammad (peace be upon him)) "Verily, I Say (O Muhammad (peace be upon him)) "Verily, I Say (O Muhammad (peace be upon him)) "Verily, I Say (O Muhammad (peace be upon him)) "Verily, I am commanded to worship Allam commanded to worship Allam commanded to worship Allam commanded to worship Allaaaaaaaah h h h
(Alone) by obeying Him and doing religious deeds sincerely for his sake only. (Alone) by obeying Him and doing religious deeds sincerely for his sake only. (Alone) by obeying Him and doing religious deeds sincerely for his sake only. (Alone) by obeying Him and doing religious deeds sincerely for his sake only.
Qur'aanic Arabic
www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 97
The Attached Pronoun ال صل ال مير ضمت
The Arabic language has a special characteristic that the pronouns can appear attached to nouns, verbs or particles. The Attached Pronouns in Arabic are of two categories:
1- Pronouns attached to nouns, verbs and particles 2- Pronouns attached to verbs only.
مير صل الض٢( المت(
Attached Pronoun of the second category
مير المتصل ١( الض(
Attached Pronoun of the first category
مير المنفصل الض Separate Pronoun
Present tense verb
Past tense verb
(1st person) المتكلم
ي...ـ ت فعل فعل أ I m/f. s أنا
ا...ـن نافعل فعل ن We m/f. d/p نحن
(2nd person) المخاطب
You m. s أنت ...ـك ت فعل فعل ت
You f. s أنت ...ـك ت فعل ن يفعل ت
ا...ـكم تمافعل ن فعال ت اأنتم You m/f. d
You m. p أنتم ...ـكم تم فعل ن وفعل ت
You f. p أنتن ...ـكن تن فعل ن فعل ت
(3rd person) الغائب
/ ...ـه ...ـه فعل فعل ي He/ it m. s هو
ا...ـه ت فعل فعل ت She/ it f. s هي
ام ...ـه /ا...ـهم فعال فعالن ي They m. d هما
ام ...ـه /ا...ـهم ات فعل ن فعال ت They f. d هما
م ...ـه /...ـهم او فعل ن وفعل ي They m. p هم
/...هن ...ـهن ن فعل ن فعل ي هن They f. p
The attached pronouns appear in red.
Qur'aanic Arabic
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- The previous table is showing all form of attached pronouns, it is to give you an over view and it is not to memorize now.
- In the following lessons we will study the attached pronouns of the first form only.
Attached Pronouns of the first category
Important comments: 1 - For an easy memorization of these pronouns notice: a- the similarity of the ending of the separate and the connected pronoun in the dual and the plural. b- Letter )ك ( is the common letter for the
second person, and letter )ه ( is the
common letter for the third person.
c- In all cases ( ما ) is coming at the end of
dual, ( م ) at the end of masculine plural and
( ن ) at the end of feminine plural.
2- How can we explain that the pronoun (ـه) appears in some cases with ةضم and in others
with كسرة if all pronouns are مبني ?
The mark of the letter هاء change due to the
mark preceding it, it is phonetic reason not as a grammatical reason:
مير المتصل الض
Attached Pronoun
مير المنفصل الض Separate Pronoun
*ي...ـ أنا ا...ـن نحن أنت ...ـك أنت ...ـك ام ...ـك أنتما م ...ـك أنتم ن ...ـك أنتن
/ ...ـه ...ـه هو ا...ـه هي
هما ام ...ـه /ام ...ـه ام ...ـه /ام ...ـه هما م ...ـه /م ...ـه هم ن ...ـه /ن ...ـه هن
All pronouns in Arabic including the attached pronouns have only
one form مبني ; their mark remain the same at different positions.
Qur'aanic Arabic
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If it is preceded by كسرة or by the letter )ي( whether it has a mark or it is a
long vowel, it will have كسرة
Ex. – م ه ب قل - ماه يف – ه ي عل ه ل سبي
Otherwise it will have ةضم Ex. ه ن ع ماه ت أخ - م ه و أب – ه ل قب -
In line 5 The pronoun ـه had ةضم in the word ⟨…çµ t6ù=s% because it is preceded
by Fat-hah and in line 6 it had كسرة the word ⟨ϵ Î7ù=s% because it is preceded
by كسرة . Important comment
*In the Qur'aan the pronoun ي appears sometimes with Fat-hah and
sometimes as a long vowel and there is no rule for that, but in the standard Arabic it is only a long vowel.
Ex. يرب or يرب both are in the Qur'aan
¨βÎ) ©!$# †În1u‘ öΝà6š/u‘uρ çνρ߉ç6 ôã$$ sù 3 #x‹≈yδ ÔÞ≡u�ÅÀ ÒΟŠÉ)tGó¡•Β ⟨
øŒÎ) tΑ$ s% ãΝ↵ Ïδ≡t� ö/Î) }‘În/u‘ ”Ï%©!$# Ç‘ósムàM‹Ïϑムuρ ⟨
Qur'aanic Arabic
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Pronouns of the first category attached to different types
of words
مفعول به متصل بالفعل
متصل بإن
متصل بحرف الجر
متصل م اس ب
مير الض المتصل
مير الض المنفصل
Attached to verbs to show
the object
Attached
to إ ن Attached to prepositions
Attached to nouns to show the possessor
Attached Pronoun
Separate Pronoun
يسمعن / يإنن يإن
يكتاب يل ي...ـ أنا
ان سمع ا/ إ ان إنن ان كتاب ان ل ا...ـن نحن ك سمع ك إن ك كتاب ك ل أنت ...ـك ك سمع ك ن إ ك كتاب ك ل أنت ...ـك اكم سمع اكم إن اكم كتاب اكم ل ا...ـكم أنتما كم سمع كم إن كم ل كم كتاب أنتم ...ـكم كن سمع إن كن كن كتاب كن ل ـكن... أنتن ه سمع ه إن ه ل ه كتاب /ه كتاب /...ـه ...ـه هو اه سمع اه إن اه كتاب اه ل ا...ـه هي اهم سمع اهم إن ام ه كتاب / اهم كتاب اهم ل ا..ـهم /ا..ـهم هما هم سمع هم إن هم ل م ه كتاب /هم كتاب م ..ـه /..ـهم هم هن سمع إن هن ن ه كتاب /هن كتاب هن ل ـه /..ـهن.. ن هن
Qur'aanic Arabic
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How to attach pronouns to different types of words?
1- Attached to nouns to show the possessor المضاف إليه
If I want to say (his book) in Arabic, We do not say هو كتاب , we use the
corresponding attached pronouns )ـه ( , we say: ه كتاب In line 1 you have the word سبيل (a way).
In line 2 the same word appeared attached to the pronoun ي at the
end (My way) يسبيل
The same word can be attached to different attached pronoun:
*Notice that the mark on the last letter of the
word سبيل might change due to the changing of
the position of that word in the sentence, but the mark of the pronoun is not changing.
More examples *When a word
ending with )ة ( is
attached to a pronoun, we change
) ة( to )ت ( as )ة (
can only be at the end of the word.
Way ãã ãã≅≅≅≅‹‹‹‹ ÎÎ ÎÎ6666 yy yy™™™™ ⟨⟨⟨⟨
My way ’’’’ ÍÍ ÍÍ????‹‹‹‹ ÎÎ ÎÎ6666 yy yy™™™™ ⟨⟨⟨⟨
Our way $$$$ uu uuΖΖΖΖ nn nn====ŠŠŠŠ ÎÎ ÎÎ6666 yy yy™™™™ ⟨⟨⟨⟨
Your (m. s.) way
yy yy7777 ÎÎ ÎÎ====‹‹‹‹ ÎÎ ÎÎ6666 yy yy™™™™ ⟨⟨⟨⟨
His way ………… ãã ãã&&&& ss ss####‹‹‹‹ ÎÎ ÎÎ6666 yy yy™™™™ ⟨⟨⟨⟨
We do not say We say
Our life نا*حيات نحن حياة
أنت أم ك أم Your (m. s) mother
Your (m. p) messenger كم رسول أنتم رسول
هو رب ه رب His Lord
Her self هانفس هي نفس
Their (f. p) prayer هن صالت هن صالة
Qur'aanic Arabic
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Important note: The noun that has a pronoun attached cannot have
كتابه –اب ت ك ال of definition. Ex ال but not الكتابه How to conjugate it?
The islam is his way ه م سبيل اإلسال
مة.مبتدأ مرفوع وعال اإلسالم: مة رفعه الض مة.مرفوع وعال خبر سبيل: مة رفعه الض
.مضاف إليه ي محل جر ف ضمير مبني :(الهاء) ه ـ
It is accepted for beginners to say ) إليه مضاف ي ( ضمير مبن :ـه
مستقيم ك سبيل إن Indeed your (f. s) way is straight
: حرف توكيد ونصب. إن منصوب وعالمة نصبه الفتحة. اسم إن : سبيل
.إليه مضاف ضمير مبني في محل جر :كاف)(ال ك It is accepted for beginners to say ) إليه مضاف ضمير مبني ( :ك
مة.مرفوع وعال إن خبر : مستقيم مة رفعه الض
When a pronoun of this form is attached to any noun, it is in the
position of مضاف إليه and it is مبني as it does not change of form. We say: جر في محل مضاف إليه ضمير مبني
(A pronoun built on one form in the position of ) مضاف إليه
Qur'aanic Arabic
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In line 4 On your (m. s) heart ك على قلب
. على: حرف جر وعالمة جره الكسرة. اسم مجرور قلب:
إليه مضاف ضمير مبني في محل جر (الكاف): ك It is accepted for beginners to say ) إليه مضاف ضمير مبني ( :ك
In line 2 This is my way يهذه سبيل
*Important comment:
Any word attached to the attached pronoun (ي), its last mark will always
change to kasrah to suit the long vowel (ي) and the conjugation will be as
follow:
.اسم إشارة مبني في محل رفع مبتدإ :هذه It is accepted for beginners to say )بتدأ م مبني ( اسم إشارة :هذه
مة خبر : سبيل رة مرفوع وعالمة رفعه الضالمقد. ammah)D estimated( As it is not possible to keep Dammah or Fat-hah before the long vowel Yaa'
we need to say they are estimated ) مقدرة (
. إليه مضاف ضمير مبني في محل جر :اء)ي(الـي
It is accepted for beginners to say ) إليه مضاف ( ضمير مبني :ي
Qur'aanic Arabic
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Learn some new words
*Notice that the word (wife) can be translated to:
and this is the common word in the standard Arabic زوجة -1
.and this is the one used in the Qur'aan and it can also mean (pair) زوج -2
And O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in Paradise
و يا آدم، اسكن أنت الجنة ك وزوج
ãΠyŠ$t↔‾≈ tƒuρ ôä3ó™$# |MΡ r& y7 ã_÷ρy— uρ sπΨ yfø9 $# ⟨
١
And from them, they learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife
قون همافيتعلمون من ما يفر ه بين المرء وزوج ه ب
tβθßϑ ‾= yètG uŠsù $yϑ ßγ÷Ψ ÏΒ $tΒ šχθè% Ìh� x� ムϵÎ/
t÷t/ Ïö� yϑ ø9 $# ϵÅ_÷ρy— uρ ⟨ ٢
daughter ابنة / بنت son ابن
father أب
sister أخت brother أخ
wife زوج/ زوجة husband زوج
أم mother
Qur'aanic Arabic
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مائر إلى األسماء التالية أ -١ ضف / أضيفي الض
1– Add the pronouns to the following nouns
*Notice that when adding pronouns to the nouns ( أب –أخ ) we add a واو before.
|M ÷zé' ‾≈ tƒ tβρã�≈ yδ $tΒ tβ% x. Ï8θç/ r& r&t� øΒ $# & öθy™ $tΒ uρ ôM tΡ%x. Å7•Β é& $|‹ Éót/ ⟨
Also when adding مضاف إليه to them ( Ex. دو بكر أب –أخو محم )
Father of Bakr – Brother of Muhammad
+ هن + هما / ـه ـه + + ك + ك + ي
ي أمك أمك أمه أمهما أمأم هنأم هن و أب هماو أب ه و أب ك و أب ك و أب * أبي أب ك و أخ * أخي أخ
أخت ابن بنت زوج ك زوجت زوجة رسول قلم
تدريبات
Exercises
Qur'aanic Arabic
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ترجم / ترجمي إلى العربية وضع / ضعي الحركات -٢
2- translate (m./f.) and put (m. /f.) the marks
مير المتصل وترجم / ترجمي تحت خطا ضع/ ضعي -٣ الض
3- Put (m. /f.) a line under the attached pronoun and translate (m. /f.)
1- My Lord is Allaah
2- And Your God (Muhammad) is one
3- Son of Maryam and his mother are a sign
4- This is their (m. p) day
5- His path is straight
كلم اهللا عبده موسى
عذابهم شديد
بنهما صالح ا
العدو خلفكم
إن أرضكما كبيرة
Qur'aanic Arabic
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مير المتصل به ات الحرك ضع / ضعي -٤ على آخر االسم وعلى الض
4- Put (m. /f.) the marks at the end nouns and of pronouns attached to them
Conjugate (m./f.) the words أعرب / أعربي الكلمات - ٥
خيرا كم رسول قال ماض فعل قال:
:رسول
:كم
خيرا:
رب رحيم ناإن
إن:
: رب
يا محمد كوهذا صراط رب
قصيرة كمإن حيات
كافرة هترأ ام
نا، اإلسالم ديننا، محمد رسولنااهللا رب
يا مؤمنة كجاء الحق من رب
Qur'aanic Arabic
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:نا
رحيم:
ه قرأ عمر في كتاب
(he read) قرأ: فعل ماض
عمر:
في:
كتاب:
ـه: