r e 1 modelling (perceived) environmental quality

Modelling (Perceived) Environmental Quality

Modelling PEQ | Ric van Poll, IAPS 2004

RIVM:

– Dutch National Institute for Public Health and Environment

scientific advisory institute ministries of Health (VWS) and Environment (VROM)

• MGO– centre for Environment-Health Research

Environment-health research: experimental (animal + human) - observational (large scale epidemiological studies)

• ELO– unit for Environmental Health Effects

Main topics: air pollution, traffic noise, residential satisfaction/perceived environmental quality


VROM: from quantity towards quality, from national to local

•‘National ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY PLAN 4’- Quality of Life- Safe and Healthy- High Quality (‘Nice and Cosy)

•Document on ‘HOUSING’

- accommodate ‘maximal’ freedom of choice, - housing quality and residential quality- sustainability, social (environmental justice),- livability

•Fifth Document on ‘SPATIAL PLANNING’

- complete, accessible, attractive, vital cities - (COMPACT CITY) limit colonising open space through living and work


Review on Environmental Quality

• Theories on environment and health/well-being• Definitions on EQ, QoL, SD• Models and frameworks on EQ and QoL

– Van Kamp Irene, Kees Leidelmeijer, Gooitske Marsman, Augustinus de Hollander. (2003). Urban Environmental Quality and Human Wellbeing; Towards a conceptual framework and demarcation of concepts; A literature study. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65 (1-2) pp 5-18.


health

Quality of life

health statusquality of thelocal environment

livability

localenvironment

perceived health

physical environment

housing spatialcharacteristics

environmentalquality

social environment

personal-characteristics

lifestyle social quality

legal en social security(family) relations, employment,activities, consumption a.s.

H e a lth

P h y s ic a l e n v iro n m e n t

N a tu ra l re s o u rc e s ,g o o d s a n d se rv ic e s

C o m m u n ity d e v e lo p m e n t

P e rso n a l d e v e lo p m e n t

S e c u r ity

Q u a li ty o f l ife

M enta l health Physica l hea lth

N uisance

Visua l percep tion and scen ic quality

C lim ate

Po llu tion

N atu ral re sources

G oods

Soc ia l in fras tructu reand serv ices

Po litical participation

Soc ia l netw orks andgroup relations

C om m unity structure

Ind iv idua l deve lopm entthrough recrea tion and le isu re

Ind iv idua l deve lopm ent through lea rning

Persona l econom ic securityand standard o f liv ing

H ousing

A dm in is tra tion o f justicec rim e and sa fety

Objective environmentalattributes(Eo)

Perceptions of environmentalattributes (Es)

Assessm ents of perceivedenvironmental attributes

Person characteristics

Standards of comparison

Eo Es Assessm ents

Eo Es Assessm ents

Eo Es Assessm ents

Communitysatisfaction

Macro-neighborhoodSatisfaction

M icro-neighborhoodSatisfaction

HousingSatisfaction

Other dom ainSatisfaction

Quality o f Life

Experience

CO MM UNITY

MACRONEIG HBORHO OD

MICR ONEIG HBORHO OD

DW ELLING AND LOT

RESIDENTIAL M ILIEUOF AN INDIVID UAL

Objective environm ental attributes

Perception Assessment

Appreciationx

im portanceResidentia l satisfaction

Appreciationx

im portance

Appreciationx

im portance

im portance

Satisfaction

Person and household characteristics

Environmenta l sources of annoyance

Social environment

Physicalenvironment

Dwelling

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation

Length of residence in neighbourhood

Estimated socio-economic level

Number of persons living together

Length of residence in Rome

Buildings’ aesthetic pleasantness

Lack of opportunities

Lack of green areas

Quiet

Presence of social relationships

Inadequacy of cultural activitiesand meeting places

Neighbourhood attachment

Positive relation

Negative relation


health

Quality of life

health statusquality of thelocal environment

livability

localenvironment

perceived health

physical environment

housing spatialcharacteristics

environmentalquality

social environment

personal-characteristics

lifestyle social quality

legal en social security(family) relations, employment,activities, consumption a.s.


Question

• What is Environmental Quality:– how can we represent EQ with respect to urban residential

environments

• Practical approach:– EQ:

abstract and complex concept

define in context

– Models and techniques Behavioural Decision Theory

MAUT


Multi-Attribute Evaluation of EQ

• Inventory (and structuring) of attributes• Assign attribute weights• Evaluate object(s) on attributes• Aggregate• Sensitivity Analysis


Respondents

• 59 civil servants– 7 national (ministries)– 12 provinces– 40 local (municpalities)

health, housing, environment, social welfare, justice, police etc.

• face-to-face interview– attribute selection and structuring– rank-order (weights)


Selection and grouping (similarity)

Attribute

1 dwelling

2 neighbours

3 malodour

…

73 safety

1

59

1

2 3

1

1

11

1

2

3

24

1

32

5

4

3


Similarity matrix

1 2 3 4 .. 72 73

1 1 0 0 1 .. 1 1

2 1 1 0 .. 0 0

3 1 1 .. 1 0

4 1 .. 1 1

.. 1 .. ..

72 1 0

73 1

1 2 3 4 .. 72 73

1

1 2 3 4 .. 72 73

1

1 2 3 4 .. 72 73

1

1 2 3 4 .. 72 73

1 .89 .05 .34 .01 .99

2 .24 .67 .04 .90

3 .20 .00 .05

4 .03 .56

.. ..

72 .07

73

:+1

2

..59


InventoryBetween-Cluster

Sum

of

Squares

0

10

20

30

Name of Observation or Cluster

OB1

OB45

OB21

OB13

OB30

OB53

OB64

OB2

OB9

OB19

OB51

OB59

OB61

OB18

OB50

OB7

OB54

OB10

OB17

OB56

OB24

OB36

OB27

OB26

OB41

OB3

OB22

OB71

OB32

OB60

OB46

OB25

OB44

OB58

OB4

OB15

OB12

OB34

OB69

OB16

OB11

OB52

OB68

OB20

OB67

OB23

OB70

OB55

OB42

OB57

OB63

OB5

OB6

OB72

OB31

OB38

OB35

OB47

OB8

OB14

OB62

OB43

OB29

OB65

OB28

OB66

OB73

OB48

OB37

OB33

OB40

OB39

OB49


Clusters

• Reside

• Buildings

• Social Environment

• Social safety

• Traffic

• Accesibility + Facilities

• Environmental Hygiene

• Nuisance

Dwelling size: m2

Density: OAD

Removals: % per neighbourhood

Robberies/thefts: %

Traffic intensity: vehicles/24h

Greenery: m2 within radius of 400m

Sound: dwellings > 50dB(A)

Noise neighbours: # of complaintCriteria:

•Redundancy

•Relevance

•Available data

•Policy goals


1 .1 D w e llin g

1 .2 H o u s in g su p p ly

1 R e s id e

2 .1 A p p e a ra n c e

2 .2 M a in te n a n c e

2 B u ild in g s

3 .1 C o n ta c ts

3 .2 C o h e s io n

3 S o c ia le n v iro n m e n t

4 S o c ia l S a fe ty

5 .1 A m o u n t tra ff ic

5 .2 S a fe ty

5 T ra ffic

6 .1 A c c e ss ib ility

6 .2 A m e n itie s

6 .3 L e isu re

6 A c c e s ib ility+ F a c ilitie s

7 .1 D is tu rb a n c e

7 .2 N o ise

7 E n v iro n m e n ta lh y g ie n e

8 .1 N o ise

8 .2 D e b ris

8 N u isa n c e

(P )E Q

Model for (Perceived)Environmental Quality


Procedure: Specification of procedure:-Multi-attribute evaluation

-Identifying 'judges': - Civil servants,residents, sub-groups

-Multi-attribute evaluation:

- Multi-Attribute Evaluation - inventory of relevant attributes. - hierarchical structuring of attributes

- ranking of attributes.

-Analysis: - Cluster analysis

-Report: - hierarchical model EQ of residential quality attributes.- Overview of important residential attributes.

-Evaluation of (P)EQ - by whom: - tools:- spatial aggregation level:

- presentation:

- (on-site) Residents.- Questionnaires or face-to-face interviews- Neighbourhood level.- Bar-charts or PEQI

-Feed-back of results: - inventory environmental problems- criteria for (P)EQ indices.- gauge implemented policy measures.- monitor perceived EQ.


Sum up

• Multi Attribute Evaluation procedure feasible

• EQ determined by physical, psycho-social and aspects of built environment

• Tool:– inventory environmental problems– criteria for (P)EQ indices.– gauge implemented policy measures.– monitor perceived EQ.


Thank you for your attention!

• Ric van Poll• RIVM-MGO• [email protected]

r e 1 modelling (perceived) environmental quality

Documents

workmodelling peq ric

urban environmental

housing quality

environmental qualitytheories

social environmental

quality of life

public health

environment vrommgocentre