Reading Comprehension

Skills for Inference Question

Jiashan Senior High School Ma Xiaoju

年份 事实细节

猜测词义

推断判断写作意图

主旨大意标

题概括

篇章结构写作手法

2009 8 2 6 3 1

2010 11 0 8 1 0

2011 7 4 7 2 0

2012 7 1 7 2 32013样

卷 6 1 11 0 2

浙江卷 2009-2012年阅读理解考点分布

二模嘉嘉兴 _ 英语 _ 小题分析

题号 平均分 得分率

单选 46 0.31 15.41%

on April 8th

46. The above testing schedule is intended for __. A. U.S. candidates only B. international candidates only C. both U.S. and international candidates D. candidates in the eastern United States

Important SAT® dates and information for U.S. and international students You can help your students register for the SAT by providing them with the testing schedule. For students testing outside the U.S., click HERE to see the applicable international dates and ...... U.S. registration dates and deadlines for 2012IMPORTANT: To support test takers affected by recent damaging storms in the eastern United States, the College Board has extended the late registration deadline for Dec 1

There are three men on a train.

Mr A speaks English and Chinese.

Mr B speaks French and English.

Mr C can only talk with Mr A.

What language does Mr C speak?     

Chinese.

How to make logical inference

types of inference

Inference based on certain details or facts

Inference based on logical relationship of the context

Inference based on the author’s opinions or attitudes

Key point:意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬

1. 以 infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, purpose, opinion, draw the conclusion, be intended to,tone, attitude, mean 等提问。

2. 提问中含有表示推测的情态动词 , 如 :can, could, might, would, should, probably, most likely 等。

Type A

Inference based on certain details or facts

1) Inference about data

1. Family Railcard For ＄ 20 this railcard allows you to take a second adult and up to 4 children for only ＄ 3 each when you buy single or return tickets. You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date.

Q: A man bought himself a ticket of ＄ 15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard. How much did he pay?

A. ＄ 44 B. ＄ 29 C. ＄ 24 D. ＄ 15

15+.....3x3

2. Mailboxes were sometimes used for things other than mail. Mailboxes might be buried in the snow, or broken, or lying on the ground: but the mail was always delivered . A young girl wrote letters but had no stamps, so she left a few button on the envelope in the mailbox; Dad paid for the stamps. One businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for Dad to take to the bank. Once, the amount came to $ 32,000.

The writer provides the detail about the businessman to show that_____.A. Dad had a strong sense of dutyB. Dad was an honest and reliable manC. Dad had a strong sense of honorD. Dad was a kind and generous man

（浙江高考）

2) Inference about details

3. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.

Q: We can learn from the paragraph that______.A. food is chosen for a good reasonB. French and British food is goodC. some people have few choices of foodD. some people care little about healthy diet

3) Inference about facts

The best method for solving problems in type A is__________

准确理解

简单计算

依据事实 理清关系

Conclusion

Type B

Inference based on logical relationship of the context

Inference based on logical relationship of the context

1. 因果关系： for, since, because of, that is why, so, therefore2.对比关系 : whereas, unlike, instead, otherwise however, but, on the contrary3. 让步关系： although, even though, despite, after all4. 概括关系： finally, generally, in a word, in conclusion, in short5. 强调关系： indeed, above all, surely, most important6. 补充说明关系： in fact, as a matter of fact, in addition, in this case, furthermore

注意信息词 (conjunctions)

4. The problem with Stevenson argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor singalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.

In the writer’s opinion, Stevenson’s argument is _.A.one-sided B. reasonable C. Puzzling D. well-based （浙江高考）

1.利用句子之间承接与转换关系的连接词

2. 进行逆向或正向推理 (backward or forward)

5. After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get while sleeping makes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day. Q: The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____. A. suffer from poor health B. feel tired and nervous C. dream more often D. breathe quickly

6. With so many camera to choose from, it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y, always trying to take Z and possibly H into account at the same time. But when I had finished, I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with: first, soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop, it would be worth half what I paid for it; and second, my wonderful camera would very quickly be replaced by a new model.

What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ” ？A. He should get a 50% discount.B. The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C. The quality of the camera was not good.D. The camera would soon fall in value.

（浙江高考）

The best method for solving problems in type B is__________

弦外之音 防止主观 未经推理 必然为错

Conclusion

Type C

Inference based on the author’s opinions or attitudes

表达作者态度常用词汇小结：

approving 赞成的doubtful 不敢肯定的 hostile 敌对的critical 批评的 neutral 中立的 subjective 主观的objective 客观的 optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的

negative 否定的，反对的positive 肯定的，积极的indifferent 莫不关心的persuasive 说服人的 factual 实事求是的 questioning 质问的suspicious 怀疑的 depressed 沮丧的impressed 有深刻印象的

1) 注意作者对比的写作方法

7. Word of mouth Some of the best housing in London is never advertised,but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth. It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students. However, don’t suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source.

Q: The information passed on by word of mouth is important because____. A. it is better than that found through any other sourceB. it helps you find some of the best housing never advertised C. the final year students always offer better informationD. the landlords have little valuable information

（浙江高考）

the writing method of comparison

8. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not exist without this source of income. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

2 ）注意作者表达情感和态度的用词方式

The attitude of the author towards advertisers is A. appreciative( 欣赏的 ). B. trustworthy. C. critical( 批判性的 ). D. dissatisfactory.

9. My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old. Then just last year they city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平 ) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers, I asked myself, “Why don’t they just leave it alone?”

How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers? A. Scared. B. Confused( 困惑的 ). C. Upset. D. Curious.

链状栅栏

（浙江高考）

3 ）注意作者对事件下的结论

10. Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news ？ All I read about is murder ， bribery （行贿）， and death ． Frankly ， I’m sick of all this bad news ．

This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______ ． A ． complain B ． apologize C ． amuse D ． inform

12. As a young boy, I sometimes traveled the country roads with my dad. He was a rural mill carrier, and on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him. Driving through the countryside was always an adventure: There were animals to see, people to visit, and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop, and Dad did.

It can be inferred from the passage that the writer regarded his travels with Dad as_____.A.great chances to help other peopleB.happy occasions to play with baby chickensC.exciting experience with a lot of funD.good opportunities to enjoy chocolate cookies

（浙江高考）

4 ）注意作者对动作 , 场景的描述

作者态度 推敲揣摩 证据串联 攻无不胜

The best method for solving problems in type C is__________

Conclusion

skills forinference question

Type A: data; fact; detail

Type B: conjunction; backward or forward

Type C: attitude comparison conclusion description

SuggestionsSuggestions◆ Read at least three or four passages every day, because only in this way can we polish up our skills and increase our speed! ◆ What’s more important is that we should make our mistakes worthwhile.Practice & reflection makes perfect!

May you succeed in June!

Homework

Finish your reading exercises

by using what you have learnt today!