r enaissance. what is the renaissance? – an era of awakening. people began to again look at...
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RENAISSANCE
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• What is the Renaissance?– An era of awakening. People began to again look
at ancient Greek & Roman texts.
– Renaissance means ‘rebirth”.• “Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep…time was
when learning was only found in the religious orders…learning has passed to secular princes and peers.”
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• Italian Renaissance– Began to look at the ancient texts in search of
human achievement• Power of reason
• Advances in the arts & sciences
– The Renaissance flourished in Northern Italy is because of a wealthy class that invested in the arts.
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– Humanities• Grammar, history, poetry, & rhetoric (using language to
persuade)
• People who specialize in these are called Humanists.
• Emphasis was placed on the importance of the individual– This is the main difference between the Renaissance thinkers
& the medieval thinkers.
» Medieval Europeans placed an emphasis spiritual matters
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• Art– Renaissance artists painted realistic scenes and
images
– They used a technique called perspective (made distant objects smaller), which created the illusion of depth.
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• Leonardo da Vinci 1459-1519– Architect
– Engineer
– Painter• Used mathematics to
organize the space of his paintings
– Sculptor
– Scientist
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• Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, 1475-1564– Sculptor
– Painter
– Designer
• Sistine Chapel
Censored
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The Pietà
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Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1598 - 1680
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• Writers– Francesco Petrarch 1304 -1347• Had a desire to continue the works of the classical
writers of Ancient Greece & Rome – this came to be called Classical Education
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– Niccolo Machiavelli 1469 – 1513• Wrote The Prince in
effort to show how governments actually work.– “A prince never lacks
legitimate reasons to break his promise.”
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• The Spread of Ideas– Invention of the Printing
Press by Johannes Gutenberg (about 1450)
• Some people were not happy– Scribes made a living hand
copying manuscripts.
• History Channel
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Northern Renaissance
– Writers (differed from the Italian Humanists in that they were interested in early Christian culture as well as ancient Greece & Rome)
• Desiderius Erasmus (Dutch) (1466 - 1536)– Learned about the
humanists by reading printed books.
– Used critical thinking to examine the Bible.
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• Thomas More (English) (1478 – 1535)– Wrote the book Utopia
which spoke out against governments & private ownership of property.
– He contrasted life in Europe with `an Utopia – an ideal place to live.» His writing will
inspire Karl Marx and the creation of Communism
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• William Shakespeare (English)– Stands out as the leading
literary figure of his time
– Transformed well known stories into dramatic masterpieces
– Was able to portray human emotions with great skill
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THE REFORMATION
• Humanists argued that the Roman Catholic Church lost its way– This leads to a reform movement that would split
the Church – The Reformation
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• Causes– Humanists argued the church cared more about
income
– Argued against bad behavior of priests
– The Church ignored the complaints.
– Humanists urged people to withdraw from the Church
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• Martin Luther– Criticized the Church over
the sale of indulgences• Paying a fee to get
forgiveness for sin
• Posted his 95 Thesis on indulgences on a church door
• Luther used the printing press to spread his ideas
• Founder of the Lutheran Church
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Other Protestant Movements
• Anglican Church (The Church of England)
– King Henry VIII of England, broke from the Church because it would not grant him a divorce (1529)
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• Calvinism– Founded in Switzerland
1536 by Frenchman John Calvin
– Emphasized predestination• From the beginning of
time, God has decided who will be saved
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• The Counter Reformation 1530– An attempt to fight back
against the Protestant Reformation• They began an inquisition
• Banned books
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• Council of Trent 1545 & 1563– Pope Paul II summoned church leaders to clearly
define church doctrine.
• Ended the abuses that surrounded the sale of indulgences
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• What was the Renaissance?• What are the Humanities?• What was the Protestant Reformation?– Who instigated this movement?
• What does the Renaissance have in common with the Protestant Reformation.