r, ext. 1959 dairy farm business summaries

Me\r, 1960 A.E. Ext. 92

1959 DAIRY FARM BUSINESS SUMMARIES

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Department of Agricultural Economics New York State College of Agriculture

A Unit of the State University of New York Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

A.E. Ext. 92

DAIRY FARM BUSINESS SUMMARIES, 1959

In 1959, dairy farmers in 28 counties kept farm busines~ records in cooperation with the Agricultural Extension Service and the College of Agriculture at Cornell. The records are part of the Farm and Home Management Program. Part of the purpose of the program is to teach farmers to keep better farm business records. The main purpose, however, is to teach them to use these records to analyze their businesses and find weak points where improvement will increase their incomes.

In 18 of the counties, with a total of 542 records, the farm cash account and inventory books were sent to the college for summarization. The averages'· presented in this summary are from these 542 farms. Records from 10 other counties were summarized in the counties. Averages for the group in each county are included on the last two pages of this booklet.

It must be remembered that the averages presented in this summary do not represent the average for all dairy farms in the state or a particular county. They are representative of a group of farmers who are interested enough in their farms to take the time to keep good records and do some analysis of their businesses.

It is important for all fermers to keep good records and study their situation in order to compete in todayts fast-changing agriculture. Here are some figures on what has happened to dairy farming in New York State from 1950 to 1960:

The number of dairy cows in the state has remained the same Total milk production has increased 14 percent

Milk per cow has increased 14 percent or 1,000 pounds Milk production per farm has increased 14 percent

The labor force per farm has remained the same Milk per man has increased 54 percent Cows per man has increased 40 percent

The total number of dairy farms has decreased 30 percent.

Changes in the 1960 l s will probably be even more rapid than in the 1950's • .Are you prepared to meet· the II challenge of change" in the future?

The individual farm records are kept confidential. The averages are widely used by extension workers, vocational agriculture teachers, farm credit representatives and others interested in agriculture. This summary has been prepared primarily for their use. The farmers in each county Farm Management Club already have received copies of their county summary. However, these and other farmers may have use for this summary. Blank spaces have been provided on each page to allow filling in of individual farm figures.

This summary has been prepared by the Farm Management Extension Staff, Department of Agricultural Economics.

The county summaries were prepared by G. L. Casler, C. W. LoomiS, N. Rask, and R. S. Smith in cooperation with county agricultural agents.

A.E. Ext. 92?

THINGS TO WORK WITH

The 542 farms included in this summary were scattered throughout the ~ighteen counties. All the farms had dairies, but there was considerable variation in the combination of other enterprises on these farms. The I1r~sources" or things to work with are reported below:

THINGS TO WORK WITH 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

4\ Number Range , i

Item reporting Averase* Low High

Labor: ~ equivalent (No. men) 1.8 0·7 4.5

Cperator only ( 28 farms) Hired man 12 or more months (117 farms) Hired help part of year (267 farms) Unpaid family labor (302 farms)

L1vestock: (Number) Cows 35 6 103

Heifers 22 0 83

Hens ( 88 farms) 537 10 9,636

Crops: (Acres grown) Hay (541 farms) 62 4 212

Grass silage (142 farms) 17 2 120

Corn for grain (183 farms) 15 1 185

Corn for silage (424 farms) 15 2 68

Oats (346 farms) 18 2 125

Total cropland 104 20 640

*Average for farms reporting

These were "family farms". The farm operator and members of the family made up most of the labor force. A total of 384 farms reported hiring some labor, 302 farms reported some unpaid labor, while only 28 farms had neither unpaid family labor nor hired labor. Some farms were operated by two or more individuals as partners. There were 478 single operators and 61 partnerships (3 with 3 operators).

Crops and livestock other than those listed above were grown on some of t~e farms. Only the most common are shown above.

3 A.E. Ext. 92

CAPITAL INVESTMENT

In farming, "it takes money to make moneyl" This money we call "capital investment. II capital investment.

In this report, the farm inventory is used as a measure of

FARM INVENTORY VALUES, JANUARY 1, 1960 542 New York Dairy Farms

Amount Eer farm Amount ;eer cow Item Av. 542 Your Av. 542 Your

farms farm farms farm

Land and buildings $22,832 $ $ 652 $

Machinery and equipment 10,315 295

Cattle 12,522 358

other livestock 157 4

Feed and supplies 3,471 ~

TGTAL INVESTMENT $49,2g( $1,408

Total investment averaged $49,2g( per farm. The average investment per man on these farms was $27,387. This is considerably more than the capital investment per worker in many industries.

The total investment per cow on these farms averaged $1,408. Land and buildings was the largest item amounting to $652 per cow or 46 percent of the total. Cattle made up 26 percent of the total investment, machinery 21 percent and feeds and supplies 7 percent.

High capital investment per "productive unit!! (per cow) in a business tends to cause a heavier overhead cost per unit. In some cases, it may indicate that the capital resources are not being used to capacity.

The land and buildings investment per crop acre on these farms averaged $220. On dairy farms, the buildings are a big factor affecting the total value of a farm. It is important, however, that there be sufficient cropland to provide roughage for the cattle kept.

Capital turnover (years required for receipts to equal capital) is sometimes used to measure efficiency in the use of capital. On these farms, it would require 2.2 years for the 1959 farm receipts to equal the capital investment.

4 A.E. Ext. 92

WHERE THE MONEY CAME FROM

FARM RECEIPTS 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Average of Percent Item Your farm 542 farms of total

Milk sales $_- $15,475 79

Livestock sold 2,119 11

Eggs sold 507 2

Crop sales 605 3

Miscellaneous* 927 -2. Total cash receipts $19,633 100

Increase in inventory 2,915

TOTAL FARM RECEIPTS $_- $22,548

*Includes work off farm, conservation payments, refunds, etc.

Total cash receipts on these farms amounted to $19,633 per farm in 1959. This is equivalent to about $1,630 per month or $54 per day. Milk was the largest source of income making up 79 percent of the total cash receipts. Livestock, primarily calves and cull dairy cows, made up another 11 percent of the receipts. Thus, 90 percent of the cash receipts were from the dairy enterprise.

Increases in inventory due to expansion in the business are considered as a farm receipt. These items could have been sold and turned into cash receipts but the farmer decided to invest this in the business. The increase in inventory was about $2,900. Machinery and eqUipment accounted for about $900, cattle $900 and land and buildings $1,100 of the increase in inventory.

The average farm receipts per man was $12,527.

Milk sales averaged $442 per cow.

The average price per hundredweight of 3.7% milk sold was $4.73.

5 A.E. Ext. 92

WHERE THE MONEY WENT I

How tbe money is spent in a farm business affects tbe labor income. Expenses can be "too low" as well as "too bigh. II It pays in studying a farm business to take a close look at tbe various expense items.

FARM EXPENSES 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Average of Percent Item Your farm 542 farms of total

Dairy feed bought $ $ 3,969 32

otber feed bought 354 3

Gas and oil 693 6

Macbinery repairs, etc. 770 6

Auto expense (farm sbare) 160 1

Building repairs, etc. 373 3

Livestock bought 951 8

Fertilizer and lime 778 6

Machine hire 131 1

other crop expenses 429 3

Dairy &poultry expense* 1,174 9

Hired labor 1,373 11

Miscellaneous** 1,380 11

Total cash operating $ $12,535 100

New machinery 2,257

New buildings 1,180

Unpaid family labor 283

Decrease in inventory

TCTAL FARM EXPENSE $ $16,255

*Includes milk hauling $360 **Taxes $513,

otber $128 Insurance $235, Electricity $262, Telepbone $61, Rent $181,

6 A.E. Ext. 92

FINAN"CIAL SUMMARY OF YEAR 1S BUSINESS

LJ.\BOR INCOMES 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Item Your farm Average of 542 farms

Total Farm Receipts

Total Farm Expenses

Farm Income

Interest on average capital of $47,840 at 5%

LABOR INCOME per farm

Number of operators

LABOR INCOME per operator

$

$

$

$

$

$_-

$22,548

$16,255

$ 6,293

$ 2,392

$ 3,901

606

$ 3,489

"Labor Income!! is a measure used to determine the return the farm operator receives for his labor and management. It is the amount left after paying all farm expenses, and deducting a charge for unpaid family labor and for interest on the capital invested. Labor income is the measure used most commonly when studying or comparing farm businesses.

Changes in inventories during the year are included in figuring labor income. Increases in inventories due to expanding the business are considered as farm receipts and decreases in inventories are included as farm expenses. Interest payments and p~ents on debts are not included in the farm expenses. On the other hand, to make all farms comparable, a five percent interest charge on the average capital investment (average of beginning and end inventories) is deducted to get labor income.

Of the 542 farms, 154 or 28 percent had labor incomes per operator of $5,000 or more. On the other hand, 53 or 10 percent of the farms had a minus labor income per operator.

In addition to the labor income on a farm, the family usually has the use of a house, milk, eggs, meat, vegetables, and other products produced on the farm. The estimated value of these farm privileges for 1959 on 375 of these dairy farms averaged $1,005 per operator. These items were valued at what they would sell for at the farm. If they were purchased in the city, they would cost considerably more.

If the operator's labor was figured at $3,600 per year, the rate of return on the capital investment would be 4.7 percent.

7 A.E. Ext. 92

FEED COSTS

SELECTED FACTORS RELATED TO FEED COSTS 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Item Average of 542 farms Your farm

Number of COWB 35

Number of heifers 22

Number of crop acres 104

Lime and fertilizer purchased $778 $

Dollars received for milk $15,475 $

Purchased Feed: Dairy feed bought (grain and hay)

Feed bought per cow

Feed bought as %of milk receipts

$3,969

$113

26%

$_-

$_-

Roughage Harvested: (hay equivalent)

Hay (tons)

•Grass silage 27 tons 7 3

Corn silage 133 tons 7 3

125 tons

9 tons

44 tons

Other silage 17 tons';' 3

Total tons hay equivalent

6 tons

184 tons

Tons hay equivalent per cow 5.3 tons

Other Factors Related To Feed Costs:

Total acres in crops per cow 3.0 acres

Lime and fertilizer expense per crop

Lime and fertilizer expense per cow

Number of heifers per 10 cows

acre $7.48

$22

6.3

$_-

$_-

Feed bought is the largest single expense item on most dairy farms. The success of a dairy farm manager depends to a large degree on his ability to provide a good feeding program for his herd at reasonable cost. Because the feeding program includes both purchased and homegrown feed, and both roughage and concentrates, it is not easy to locate the weak spots in efforts to control feed costs. The items on this page all have a bearing on feed costs, and may be helpful in planning a more efficient feeding program.

8 A.E. Ext. 92

LABOR AND MACHINERY COSTS

On these 542 farms, the average machinery cost was $3,872. This was nearly as much on the machine

as the amount spent for dairy feed. ry costs on a dairy farm.

It pays to keep an "eye"

MACHINERY COSTS* 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Average 542 farms Item Your farm Amount Percent

Beginning inventory $9,378

New machinery bought 2,257

Tctal $11,635$_-

End inventory $10,315$_-

Machinery sold 54

Total $10,369$=== Depreciation $ 1,266 33$_-

Interest @ 5% Ave. inventory 492 13

Gas and oil 693 18

Machinery repairs 770 20

Milk hauling 360 9

Machine hire 131 3

Auto expense (farm share) 160 4

Total Machinery Cost $ 3,872 100$_-

Machinery cost per cow $ $ 111

Machinery cost per crop acre $ $ 37

Machinery cost per cwt. milk sold $ $ 1.18

Machinery cost per man $ $ 2,151

*Does not include insurance, housing, or farm labor on repairs.

The fixed costs of depreciation and interest made up 46 percent of the total cost. These items are frequently overlooked by farmers. They are "real" costs to the business. Machinery repairs made up 20 percent of the total cost. This is an item to watch.

A.E. Ext. 92 9

LABOR AND MACHINERY COST 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Item Your farm Average

542 farms

Labor costs:

Value operators labor

Hired labor

$_- $4,025

1,373

Unpaid family labor 283

Total labor $5,681

Machinery cost:

Total Machinery Cost 3,872

Total Labor and Machinery Cost $_- $9,553

Labor and Machinery Cost:

Per crop acre $ $ 92

Per cow $ $ 273

Per cwt. milk sold $ $ 2.92

Farmers frequently justify high machinery costs on the basis that the machinery has saved labor. To check on this, one can figure the combined labor and machinery cost per unit.

Since the operator is not paid, it is l1ecessary to estimate the value of his labor. Here the operator's labor has been valued at $3,600 per year. Since there was more than one operator on some farms, the value of the operators labor per farm was $4,025.

How are your labor and machinery costs?

10 A.E. Ext. 92

ANALYSIS OF FARM BUSINESS

Labor incomes for the 542 farms in this summary varied considerably as shown in the diagram below. Some of the factors causing this variation are examined in the following pages.

NUMBER OF COWS PER FARM AND LABOR INCOME PER OPERATOR 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Labor income I per operator ~30 high

$10,000 '

•

8,000

6,000

4,000

I-

l-

to ...

•

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2,000

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'® 30 low

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• I

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20 30 40 50 60 70 80 - Number of cows -

30 low - 30 farms with lowest labor incomes 30 high - 30 farms with highest labor incomes

Each farm included in the summary is represented by a dot on the above graph. Labor income per operator is plotted rather than the labor income per farm. The labor incomes per operator ranged from a minus $6,185 to a high of $21,064 or a difference of $27,249.

In general, the farms with more cows had higher labor incomes.

11 A.E. Ext. 92

FACTORS AFFECTING PROFITS

Three important factors affecting profits are size of business, rates of production, and labor efficiency. On this page you can compare your farm with the average on each of these factors.

BUSHlESS FACTORS 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Factor Your farm Average

Size of Business:

Total work units

Man equivalent

Number of cows

Pounds of 3.7 milk sold

Labor Efficiency:

Work units per man

Cows per man

Pounds of 3.7 milk sold per man

Crop acres per man

Rates of Production:

Pounds of 3.7 milk sold per cow

Tons of hay per acre

Tons of corn silage per acre

Bushels of oats per acre

557

1.8

35

327,428

309

19

181,904

58

9,355

2.0

11.3

60

Farm management studies show that, in general, larger farms pay better than smaller farms. Larger farms make it possible to make better use of labor and equipment. However, size alone does not always mean profitable operation.

High labor efficiency can be accomplished in many ways. Some farmers do it by long hours of work. Others get efficiency by wise use of labor saving equipment. Still others develop efficient work habits and practices.

Roughage is the cheapest source of nutrients available to New York dairymen. It is for this reason that high crop yields are important on a dairy farm. Crop yields are frequently a weak point in farm businesses.

12 A.E. Ext. 92

Expenditures on a modern dairy farm are large. These 542 dairymen spent an average of $1,355 per mont.h, or about $45 per day. The way this money is spent has an important effect on the operator's income.

"Cost control" is essential in any business. This means keeping check on all costs. One can spend "too little" as well as "too much". In trying to keep costs down, a farmer mus'b guard against cutting costs which reduce the efficiency of the business.

Below are some "yardsticks" for checking the reasonableness of expenses on a dairy farm.

COST CONTROL MEASURES 542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Average for Item Your farm 542 farms

%Feed bought is of milk receipts %-----' 26%

Feed bought per cow $_- $113

Fertilizer &lime cost per cow $_- $ 22

Machinery repairs per cow $_- $ 22

Taxes per cow $_- $ 15

Insurance per cow $_- $ 7

Electricity per cow $_- $ 7

Total farm expense per cow $_- $464

Machinery cost per crop acre $_- $ 37

Fertilizer & lime per crop acre $_- $7.48

Gas &oil per crop acre $_- $6.66

Taxes per crop acre $_- $4.93

% Expenses are of receipts 72%

There is NO magic in keeping costs in line. All cost items must be watched. Little "extra" costs add up over time.

13 A.E. Ext. 92

COMPARISON OF SELECTED FARM BUSI~mSS SUMMARY FACTORS New York Dairy Farms, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958 and 1959

Item Number of farms

J.955 201

12~6 342 12'~4 12:28

559 1222

542

Thi~s to work with: Number of cows 33 34 33 33 35 Number of heifers 20 20 20 20 22 Acres of hay 54 56 58 59 62 Acres of corn silage** 16 13 14 14 15 Acres of oats** 20 13 18 17 18 Total crop acres 105 98 100 104 104

Size of business: Man equivalent 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Total work units 573 575 576 523* 557* Lbs. of milk sold 288,700 302,500 293,200 310,900 327,400

Rates of Eroduction: Lbs. milk sold!cow Tons hay/acre

8,747 2.2

8,897 2.1

8,885 2.1

9,421 2.3

9,355 2.0

Tons corn Silage/acre 9·9 9·5 11.4 10.1 11.3 Bu. oats/acre 50 52 58 51 60

Work per man: Number cows/man 18 19 18 18 19 Work units/man 318 319 320 291* 309* Lbs. of milk SOld/man 160,400 168,100 162,900 172,700 181,900

Financial sumIDa::l: Average capital $39,552 $39,708 $42,012 $45,062 $47,840

Total farm receipts Total farm expenses

$16,443 $11,539

$17,654 $12,397

$20,166 $13,798

$21,512 $15,012

$22,548 $16,255

LABOR INCOME/operator $2,482 $2,870 $3,764 $3,817 $3,489

Cost control factors: Machinery investment Machinery cost Machinery cost/cow

$8,475 $3,252

$99

$8,438 $3,225

$95

$9,163 $3,477

$105

$9,636 $3,611

$109

$10,315 $3,872

$111

Feed bought/cow $90 $96 $107 $109 $113 Fertilizer/ crop acre $6 $6 $6 $7 $7

%Expenses are of receipts 70% 70% 68% 70% 72%

Ave. price/cwt. milk $4.09 $4.18 $4.65 $4.68 $4.73

*Work units for 1958 figured on basis of 111958 revision of Farm Business Chart ll (i.e., revised work units per cow 11 compared with 12 units per cow formerly used. )

**Average per farm reporting

14 A.E. Ext. 92

COMPARISON OF BUSINESS SUMMARIES OF 30 FARMS WITH HIGHEST LABOR INCOMES AND THE 30 FARMS WITH LOWEST LABOR INCOMES

542 New York Dairy Farms, 1959

Average of Averase of ~O farms with: the 542 Highest Lowest

farms labor incomes labor incomes Capital Investment (End of year):

Land and buildings $22,832 $38,544 $26,050 Cattle 12,522 22,335 10,360 Machinery 10,315 15,529 9,637 Feed and supplies 3,471 6,488 2,564 Other 157 107 409

TOTAL END INVENTORY $49,297 $83,003 $49,020

Farm Receipts: Milk sales $15,475 $29,461 $11,773 Livestock sold 2,119 4,392 1,594 All other sales and income 2,039 3,062 3,545

Total Cash Receipts $19,633 $36,915 $16,912 Increase in Inventory 2,915 7,082 1,844 TOTAL FARM RECEIPl'S $22,548 $43,997 $18,756

Farm Expenses: Feed bought $ 4,323 $ 7,175 $ 5,262 Hired labor 1,373 3,298 1,526 Machinery repairs and auto 930 1,605 878 Gas and oil 693 1,123 620 Milk bau1ing 360 577 419 Dairy expense 814 1,525 695 Fertilizer and lime 778 1,527 706 other crop expense 560 1,064 508 Livestock bought 951 1,718 1,661 Building repairs 373 631 453 M:!.sce11aneous 1,380 2,191 1,482

Total Cash Operating $12,535 $22,434 $14,210 New machinery New buildings Unpaid labor

2,257 1,180

283

4,334 1,818

486

2,269 1,525

411 TOTAL FARM EXPENSES $16,255 $29,072 $18,415

Financial Summary: Total farm receipts Total farm expenses

$22,548 16,255

$43,997 29,072

$18,756 18,415

Farm Income $ 6,293 $14,925 $ 341 5% on Ave. Capital 2,392 3,973 2,405 Labor Income per Farm $ 3,901 $10,952 $-2,064

Number of Operators 606 31 30

LABOR INCOME per Operator $ 3,489 $10,598 $-2,064

15 A.E. Ext. 92

COMPARISON OF FARM BUSINESS FACTORS OF 30 FARMS WITH HIGHEST LABOR INCOMES AND THE 30 FARMS WITH LOWEST LABOR INCOMES

542 New York Dairy Farms , 1959

Average of the 542 farms

Farm Business Factors: Size: ~ equivalent 1.8

Average number cows 35 Pounds of milk sold (3.7% equiv.) 327,428 Total crop acres 104 Total man work units 557

Rates of Production: Pounds milk sold per cow 9, 355 Tons hay per acre 2.0 Tons corn silage per acre 11 Bushels oats per acre 60

Labor Efficiency: Man work units per man 309 Pounds milk sold per man (3.7%) 181, 904

Use of Capital: Total capital per man $27,387 Total capital per cow $1,408 Land &buildings per cow $652 Machinery investment: per man $5,731

per cow $295

Feed Costs: Dairy feed bought per cow $113%Feed bought was of milk receipts 26% Crop acres per cow 3.0 Fertilizer &lime expense/crop acre $7 Hay equivalent harvested per cow 6.3 Number heifers per 10 cows 6-3

Machinery Costs: Total machinery cost $3,872 Machinery cost per cow $1l1 Machinery cost per man $2,151

Prices: Ave. price received for milk (3.7%) $4.73

other: ~eal estate is of total capital 46%

%Expenses are of receipts 72%%Machinery cost is of total farm expense & interest on investment

Average of 30 farms with: Highest Lowest

labor incomes labor incomes

2·5 1.8 57 28

610, 287 244,917 169 98 895 491

10,707 8,747 2·3 1.6 13 9.6 65 41

358 273 244,115 136,065

$33,201 $27,233$1,456 $1,751

$676 $930 $6,212 $5, 354

$272 $344

$123 $126 24% 30%

3·0 3·5 $9 $7

5.6 5.4 6.8 6.1

$6, 072 $3,511$107 $125

$2,429 $1,951

$4.83 $4.81

46% 53% 66% 9B%

18% 17%

16 A.E. Ext. 92

COMPARISON OF SELECTED FARM BUSINESS FACTORS FOR 1959 18 Counties Included in General Farm Business Summary

Albany Chenango County Item Count;y GraUE I GraUE III Grou12 IV GraUE V

Number of farms 24 21 5 21 17

Things to work with: Number of cows 30 42 45 29 33 Number of heifers 19 29 26 19 16 Acres of hay* 83 78 62 56 51 Acres of corn silage* 15 15 11 11 13 Acres of oat s* 14 24 15 15 17 Total crop acres 120 119 95 78 81

Size of business: Man equivalent 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.7 Total work units 485 638 656 480 496 Lbs. of milk sold 265,100 402,200 434,300 258,500 319,300

Rates of production: Lbs. milk soldlcO\, 8,838 9,577 9,652 8,915 9,675 Tons hay/acre 1.6 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.2 Tons corn Silage/acre 9·2 11.9 14.8 11.6 8.8 Bu. oats/acre 42 51 69 53 66

Work per man: Number cows/man 18 21 22 19 19 Work units/man 285 319 328 320 292 Lbs. of milk sOld/man 156,000 201,100 217,200 172,400 187,800

Financial summary: Average capital $40,437 $54,397 $61,356 $37,926 $38,645

Total farm receipts $19,165 $27,424 $31,829 $20,041 $22,149Total farm expenses $15,000 $20,923 $22J984 $14,026 $16,553

LABOR INCOME/operator $2J 058 $3,308 $3,611 $3,760 $3,664

Cost control factors: Machinery investment $9J 145 $11,790 $11J 157 $7 J954 $8,672Machinery cost $3J362 $4,421 $4J084 $2J 949 $3,385Machinery cost/cow $112 $105 $91 $102 $103

Feed bought/cow $103 $131 $123 $118 $135 Fertilizer/crop acre $5.00 $9. 09 $11,08 $7 ·92 $5.77

%Expenses are of receipts 78% 76% 72% 70% 75%

Ave. price/cwt. milk $4.79 $4.70 $4.68 $4.69 $4.70

*Average per farm reporting

17 A.E. Ext. 92



Tbings to work witb: Number of cows Number of beifers Acres of bay* Acres of corn silage* Acres of oats* Total crop acres

Size of business: Man equivalent Total work units Lbs. of milk sold

Rates of roduction: Lbs. milk sold cow Tons bay/acre Tons corn Silage/acre Bu. oats/acre

\-Tork per man: Number cows/man Work units/man Lbs. of milk SOld/man

Financial summary: Average capital


LABOR INCOME/operator

Cost control factors: Macbinery investment Macbinery cost Macbinery cost/cow

Feed bought/cow Fertilizer/crop acre

%Expenses are of receipts

Ave. price/cwt. milk


Cayuga

coun;~

31 23 58 13 28

140

1.7 565

301,900

9,739 2·3

12.5 66

18 332

177,600

$50,791

$21,214 $13,529

$4,614

$11,736 $4,558

$147

$70 $5.48

64%

$4.46

Clinton Cortland Delaware Count~ Count~ County

19 30 41

38 43 36 27 31 19 86 59 57 20 20 9 20 19 7

123 111 71

2.1 2.0 1.7 609 671 539

346,200 420,300 332,500

9,111 1.9

9,7732.6

9,235 1.7

10.0 13.2 11.4 57 61 50

18 22 21 290 335 317

164,900 210,100 195,600

$55,824 $53,960 $42,014

$22,532 $15,148

$28,491 $20,912

$21,347 $15,357

$3,491 $4,881 $3,792

$11,498 $10,294 $9,181 $3,869

$102 $4,558

$106 $3,191

$89

$112 $123 $143 $3.82 $9.56 $10.48

67% 73% 72%

$4.55 $4.66 $4.76

-------

10 A.E. Ext. 52



Things to work with: -rfulilber of cows

Nwnber of heifers Acres of hay* Acres of corn Acres of oats* Total crop acres

Size of business: -Man equivalent

Total work units Lbs. of milk sold

Rates of production: Lbs. milk SOld/cow Tons hay/acre Tons corn Silage/acre Bu. oats/acre

Work per man: --Nu~ber cows/man

vlor-k units/man Lbs. of milk SOld/man



LABOR INCOME/operator

Cost control factors: Machinery investment Machinery cost Machinery cost/cow

Feed bought/cow Fertilizer/crop acre

%Expenses are of receipts

Ave. price/cwt • milk

Greene Madison County County

43

34 18 63 11 10 93

1.8 533

285>400

8,3941.4

10.4 39

19 296

158,500

$40,785

$18,036 $13,939

$2,011

$8,922 $3,270

$96

$127 $5.12

77%

$4.86

7r;

36 20 51 16 21 98

1.9 581

325) 900

9,053 2.5

11.6 61

19 306

171,500

$45,243

$21,952 $15,559

$3,568

$9,365 $3,854

$107

$97 $6.43

71%

$4.61

Monroe Counby

23

40 30 69 24 20

157

2·3 712

414,700

10,367 2·3 9.7 63

17 310

180,300

$72,326

$30,450 $21,430

$4,439

$13,358 $5,757

$144

$86 $8.83

70%

$4.87

Niagar-a,-Co l.;lIlty

7

25 18 51 13 25

132

1.6 465

270,200

10,808 2.8

10.2 66

16 291

168,900

$47,813

$21,673 $14,234

$3,926

$11,041 $4,715

$189

$56 $11.28

64%

$5.01

A.E. Ext. 92 19


Onondaga Oswego otsego Scbenectady Item Count;y: Count;y: Count;y:couni~Number of farms 37 40 18

Tbings to work witb: Number of cows 33 29 37 24 Number of beifers 23 20 23 18 Acres of bay* 57 47 56 64 Acres of corn silage* 16 16 16 18 Acres of oats* 24 13 13 11 Total crop acres 122 79 90 98

Si~e of business: Man equivalent 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.4 Total work units 555 441 590 389 Lbs. of milk sold 317,800 277,900 347,800 226,500

Rates of production: Lbs. milk sOld/cow 9,629 9,583 9,401 9,438 Tons bay/acre 2·5 2.6 1.9 1.4 Tons corn Silage/acre 11.5 9·9 11.2 6.9 Bu. oats/acre 63 48 55 45

Work per man! Number cows/man 18 19 22 17 Work units/man 308 294 347 278 Lbs. of milk sOld/man 176,500 185,300 204,600 161,800

Financial summary: Average capital $51,858 $42,247 $51,765 $38,643

Total farm receipts $23,160 $16,871 $23,063 $14,412 Total farm expenses $15,831 $11,687 $16,423 $10,676

LABOR INCOME/operator $4,172 $2,765 $3,524 $1,805

Cost control factors: Macbinery investment $11,671 $9,293 $12,551 $8,131Macbinery cost $4,421 $3,242 $3,585 $3,146Macbinery cost/cow $134 $112 $97 $131

Feed bougbt / cow $85 $125 $128 $110 Fertilizer/crop acre $6.27 $7.85 $9.12 $5.36

%Expenses are of receipts 68% 69"/0 71% 74%

Ave. price/cwt. milk ~4.72 $4.66 $4.76 $4.76


20 A.E. Ext. 92


Schoharie Sullivan Washington Yates Item Countl Count;'! Count;'! Count;z

Number of farms 26 21 21 8

Things to work with: Number of cows 29 31 42 28 Number of heifers 19 16 27 24 Acres of hay* 68 5059 92 Acres of corn si1age* 15 10 22 15 Acres of oats* 14 14 20 Total crop acres 105 78 133 133

Size of business: Men equivalent 1.8 1.7 2.3 1.9 Total work units 465 444 522733 Lbs. of milk sold 281,900 305,700 452,600 311,300

Rates of production: Lbs. milk sold/COW 9,722 9,860 10,775 11,116 Tons hay/acre 1.6 1.8 1.8 3.0 Tons corn Silage/acre 10.2 11.9 9.6 12.1 Bu. oats/acre 1+7 46 65

Work per man: Number cows/man 16 18 18 15 ~lork units/man 258 261 319 275 Lbs. of milk sOld/men 156,600 179,800 196,800 163,800

Financial summary: Average capital $46,141 $41,636 $58,511 $49,371

Total farm receipts $20,703 $19,733 $35,119 $23,828Total farm expenses $15,699 $13,971 $27,306 $16,164

LABOR INCOME/operator $2,420 $3,220 $3,948 $4,618

Cost control factors: :Machinery investment $10,392 $8,928 $12,880 $11,113Machinery cost $3,258 $3,518 $5,267 $4,376Machinery cost/em., $112 $113 $125 $156

Feed bought/cow $128 $153 $136 $73Fertilizer/crop acre $7.75 $9.54 $9.39 $10.48

%Expenses are of receipts 7610 71% 7810 68%

Ave. price/cwt. milk $4.72 $5.00 $4.91 $4.59


21 A.E. Ext. 92

COMPARISON OF SELECTED FARM BUSINESS FACTORS FOR 1959 10 County Summaries Not in General Farm Business Summary-l}

Herkimer Jefferson Livingston Oneida On"cario Item County County County County Count;r

Number of farms

Things to work with: Number of cows Acres of hay Total acres of crops

Size of business: Man equivalent Lbs. of milk sold

Rates of production: Lbs. milk sOld/cow Tons hay/acre

Work per man: Number of cows/man Lbs. of milk/man,

Cost control factors: Feed bought/cow Machinery cost/cow%Expenses are of receipts



LABOR INCOME/oper~Gor

27

44 83

117

8,270 2.0

23 191,500

$51,382

$24,136 $17,060

$4,346

32

31 64

107

1.6 290,900

19 181,800

$81 $109

67%

$39,162

$17,873 $11,891

$4,024

30

35 51

134

2.1 355,800

10,166 2·7

17 169,400

$68 $153

70%

$27,907 $19,504

$4,931

59

34 51 87

1.8 308,50P

9,074 2.6

19 171,400

$80 $108

66%

$40,902

$19,831 $13,055

$3,988

37

32 51

150

10,935 2.9

16 175,000

$83 $170

71%

$29,420 $20,967

$4,509

*County agricultural agents in these counties obtained farm business information from farmers in the counties, and in cooperation with farm management specialists summary reports were prepared for use with the cooperators and others in discussing farm business management problems.

22 A.E. Ext. 92

COMPARISON OF SELECTED FARM BUSINESS FACTORS FOR 1959 10 County Summaries Not in General Farm Business Summary*

Rensselaer St. Lawrence Steuben Tompkins Wyoming Item Countx Count;y: Count;y: Count;y: Count~

Number of farms 32 30 39 27 53

Things to work with: Number of cows 34 34 25 32 39 Acres of hay 67 69 59 59 63 Total acres of crops 110 106 110 126 139

Size of business: Man equivalent 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 2.1 Lbs. of milk sold 339,900 330,488 258,374 322,888 380,253

Rates of production: Lbs. milk sOldlcow 9,996 9,720 10,335 10,090 9,750 Tons hay/acre 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.6

Work per man: Number of cows/man 19 19 17 19 19 Lb s. of milk/man 188,800 183,604 172,249 189,934 181,073

Cost control factors: Feed boughtlcow $97 $106 $87 $95 $84 Machinery cost/cow $109 $97 $130 $122 $136 % Expenses are of receipts 73% 66% 65% 73% 69%

Financial summary: Average capital $45,847 $37,600 $37,617 $50,943 $60,412

Total farm receipts $23,803 $20,533 $19,152 $23,295 $28,045 Total farm expenses $17,400 $13,629 $12,524 $16,960 $19,485

hABOR INCOME/operator $3,654 $4,616 $4,408 $3,527 $4,697

*County agricultural agents in these counties obtained farm business informa. tion from farmers in the counties, and in cooperation with farm management speCialists summary reports were prepared for use with the cooperators and others in discussing farm business management prob1e~s.

r, ext. 1959 dairy farm business summaries

Documents