r07-wp4b-c-0148terminology used for networks using both satellite and terrestrial links

1 Intended scope and history of the documentAt its April and September 2008 and April 2009 meetingsmeeting, Working Party 4B considered the appellation ofproduced a working document on terminology used for networks includingusing both satellite and terrestrial links. This (Annex 9 to Document 4B/85). The document aims at clarifyingidentifying the various types of networks that may be encountered when the terms “integrated” and “hybrid” are associated to a satellite network. In addition, at the meeting, Working Party 4B sent a liaison statement on the proposed definition for “Integrated MSS System” and “Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial System” to the Coordination Committee for Vocabulary (CCV), Working Parties 4A, 4C, 5A and 5C (Annex 12 to Document 4B/85). Working Parties 5A and 5C have reviewed and agree with the characterization of hybrid satellite and terrestrial systems.

2 IntroductionUser-centric network designs require not only network interoperability, but also interoperability of applications across a wide variety of networking mechanisms and heterogeneous devices. In this context, networks composed of both satellite and terrestrial radio access technologies are being deployed to provide broadband connectivity.

3 Classification of networksIt is hereafter proposed to classify these various applications from an end-user point of view (see Table 1 below).

In MSS systems, the definition of “Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial System” would be separated into the following three new appellation.− Multiservice Satellite/Terrestrial System: A multiservice satellite/terrestrial system is a

system employing satellite and terrestrial component where the satellite and terrestrial components operate independently of each other and may be used simultaneously to provide different types of services or switch same types of services to user. In such

/TT/FILE_CONVERT/58EE6B801A28AB6E718B4605/DOCUMENT.DOCX 20/08/2010 12:30:00 AM

Radiocommunication Study Groups

Source: Document 4B/TEMP/77

Reference: Documents 4B/118 and 138

Annex 10 toDocument 4B/148-E22 July 2010English only

Annex 10 to Working Party 4B Chairman’s Report

WORKING DOCUMENT TOWARDS A PRELIMINARY DRAFT NEW REPORT ITU-R [M/S.TERM]

TERMINOLOGY USED FOR NETWORKS USING BOTH SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL LINKS

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systems the satellite and terrestrial components may have separate network management systems and do not necessarily operate in the same frequency band.

− Backhaul Satellite/Terrestrial System: A backhaul satellite/terrestrial system is a system employing interconnected satellite and terrestrial components and where both components are needed simultaneously to provide services to the user, but otherwise the components operate independently of each other. In such systems the satellite and terrestrial components have separate network management systems and do not necessarily operate in the same frequency band.

− Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial System: A hybrid satellite/terrestrial system is any other system (i,e. excluding integrated, multiservice or backhaul systems) or is another combination of systems employing satellite and terrestrial components. In such systems the satellite and terrestrial components may have separate network management systems and do not necessarily operate in the same frequency band.


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TABLE 1

Classification of various networks including both FSS satellite and terrestrial links

ApplicationsApplication

Examples

Common “industry” appellationNetwork

terminology

End-user terminal

implementation

Resources and performance management

Examples of frequency

bands usedTerminal

TypeSa

telli

te a

s acc

ess n

etw

ork

Dual-mode MSS terminalsMSS networks

supplemented by terrestrial networks

Dual-modeHybrid

Terrestrial standard (e.g. GSM or 3G)

and MSS standard in a single terminal

Mainly separate management

schemes, separate spectrum resources

Various bands for mobile 2G/3G

networks + MSS 1.5/1.6 GHz band

Mainly, dual mode type

MSS networks supplemented by a mobile wireless broadband access componentcomplementary

ground components (CGCs)s

Integrated

Single Possible single standard for both satellite and

terrestrial componentsCGCs in

a single terminal1

Common management

schemes, common spectrum resources

1.6/1.5 GHz, 1.6/2.5 GHz or 2/2.2 GHz bands

Mainly, single mode type

MSS networks supplemented by both CGCs

and terrestrial networks

Mixed type of hybrid and integrated2

Terrestrial standard (e.g. GSM or 3G)

and possible single standard for both

satellite and CGCs in a single terminal

Common management and spectrum resource

between satellite and CGC, and

Mainly separate management and

spectrum resources between MSS and terrestrial networks

Various bands for mobile 2G/3G

networks + MSS1.6/1.5 GHz,

1.6/2.5 GHz or 2/2.2 GHz bands

Mainly, dual mode type

1 From an implementation point of view, two transmit/receive chains may be necessary because of specificity of each channel path. But standard commonalities will be leveraged as much as possible to reduce terminals’ cost and size.2 This new terminology can be modified appropriately during this Working Party 4B meeting.


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Sate

llite

as i

nfra

stru

ctur

e ne

twor

k

Fixed Wireless Local Area network + VSAT FSS as

gateway

Hybrid

Wifi-enabled terminal Separate

management schemes, separate

spectrum resources (if any)

2.4 GHz/5 GHz for Wifi

6/4 GHz, 14/11-12 GHz, 30/20 GHz

for VSAT

-

Local (e.g. home) wired networks + FSSVSAT as

gateway

Terminals compatible with the

deployed home network

Various bands or wired for home

networks6/4 GHz, 14/11-12 GHz, 30/20 GHz

for VSAT

-

Fixed or mobile broadband access networks +

FSSVSAT as infrastructureBackbone Fixed or mobile

terminals

Separate management

schemes, separate spectrum resources

Various bands for fixed or mobile

broadband access networks

6/4 GHz, 14/11-12 GHz, 30/20 GHz

for VSAT

-


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TABLE 12

Classification of various networks including both MSS satellite and terrestrial links

Terminology TypeAppellation Description Resources

managementExamples of

frequency bands used

End-user terminal

implementationService aspects

Integrated MSS system INTEGRATED-

MSS networks with

complementary ground

components (CGC/ATC)

Same management system/Same portion of MSS

frequency

MSS 1.5/1.6 or 2/2.3 GHz band

Integrated at application and lower

layers

Same types of services

Hybrid Satellite/Terrestria

l system

Type 1 MULTISERVICE

MSS/FSS networks

supplemented by terrestrial

networks in a concatenated

arrangementMSS networks

supplemented by terrestrial

networks in a parallel

arrangement

Independent or coupled management systems/

Separate spectrum resourceIndependent or Coupled management

systems/Separate spectrum resource

1.5/1.6 GHz, 2/2.2 GHz, 6/4 GHz, 14/11-12 GHz,

30/20 GHz band for satellite networks plus

various bands for terrestrial networksMSS

1.5/1.6 GHz or 2/2.2 GHz band PLUS various bands

for mobile terrestrial networks

Not applicableintegrated at

application and/or lower layers

Not applicableSame or different type of services in parallel

Type 2 BACKHAUL

MSS networks supplemented by

terrestrial networks in a

parallel arrangementMSS

networks supplemented by

terrestrial networks in a concatenated arrangement

Independent or coupled management systems/

Separate spectrum resourceIndependent or Coupled management

systems/Separate spectrum resource

MSS 1.5/1.6 GHz or 2/2.2 GHz band plus

various bands for mobile terrestrial networksMSS

1.5/1.6 GHz or 2/2.2 GHz band PLUS various bands

for terrestrial networks

Integrated at application and/or lower layersNOT APPLICABLE

Same or different type of services in parallelNOT APPLICABLE


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Terminology TypeAppellation Description Resources

managementExamples of

frequency bands used

End-user terminal

implementationService aspects

Type 3 HYBRID

Any other combination of MSS networks

with CGCs supplemented by

terrestrial networks

Independent or coupled management systems/Common or separate

spectrum resource

MSS 1.5/1.6 GHz or 2/2.2 GHz band plus

various bands for terrestrial networks

Integrated at application and/or

lower layers

Same or different types of services


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4 5 An example of Integrated MSS systemAn integrated system represents the evolution of traditional mobile-satellite service (“MSS”) networks into a combined, or integrated, single network that uses both space (i.e. the traditional MSS service link) and terrestrial transmission paths to serve end user handsets. With proper network planning and common network control of the space and terrestrial components of the system, the operators of such systems can use their assigned spectrum (i.e. the MSS spectrum to which the MSS component is assigned) in an intensive and efficient manner, provide indoor and outdoor coverage in urban, suburban, rural and remote areas, and provide service directly to small handsets.

The key to qualifying as an integrated system is the common network control and spectrum use noted above. From an end-user point of view, the specificity of an integrated system is that the terminal has the ability to seamlessly use a satellite link or a terrestrial link in the same assigned spectrum. There are however a variety of approaches that system operators may choose to implement their baseline service provisioning (how capacity is initially provisioned between satellite and terrestrial components), coverage goals and end user demand.

54.1 Example architecture

In an example realization of an “integrated” system shown in Figure 31, a simplified view of this next generation network reveals one or more multi-spot beam satellites, and sub-networks of terrestrial cell sites where the terrestrial and the space components are able to communicate with user equipment over a common set of MSS frequencies.3 The space segment of the network has sufficient power and receiver sensitivity (antenna gain) to establish communications with user devices that are indistinguishable from modern cellular/PCS mobile devices.4

FIGURE 31

Integrated system network architecture

3 For more detailed information, see working document towards a preliminary draft new Recommendation ITU-R M.[MSS.INT], Document 4B/37 (9 September 2008).

4 Among the user equipment that will be associated with MSVSkyterras’s integrated system network will be mobile devices that use common RF chipsets to communicate using either satellite or terrestrial transmissions (http://www.skyterra.com).


http://www.itu.int/md/R07-WP4B-C-0037/en

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As described above, the ground component of an integrated system is not an independent stand-alone network and it uses the same frequencies assigned to the satellite component, although the two components do not necessarily use the same frequencies simultaneously in the same geographic area. This spectrum sharing provides a more widely available service by improving overall spectrum efficiency by permitting greater frequency reuse. This in turn provides economies of scale that are important to reducing user costs. Figure 4 2 below, is a simplified depiction of the general relationship between satellite spot beams and terrestrial base stations of an integrated system network. In this example, the ground component of the integrated system reuses frequencies multiple times within each satellite spot beam. The satellite component also reuses frequencies multiple times among its spot beams over the coverage area.

FIGURE 42

Relationship of satellite spot beams and terrestrial base stations

5 Examples of Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Systems

5.1 Hybrid type 1 systems

Hybrid type 1 system refers to a system in which terrestrial networks are interconnected to satellite networks as a backhaul.


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Figure 1 3 below, shows an example of hybrid type 1 system with satellite-WiMAX architecture. To provide multimedia services using the DVB-RCS protocol, a VSAT network control centre (“NCC”), separate from the WiMAX networks’ control centres, is required to manage the forward channel from the satellite hub to the VSAT earth stations, as well as the return channel by satellite terminals (“RCST”). The VSAT network is using separate spectrum resources to those of the WiMAX networks.

FIGURE 3

DVB-S2/RCS star topology with WiMAX networks associated to satellite terminals

Figure 2 4 shows a more generic hybrid architecture of satellite networks with terrestrial wireless networks using protocols such as 3rd Generation mobile technologies. Figure 2 also depicts the various protocols stacks that are used at each point of the end-to-end link.


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FIGURE 4

Reference architecture and protocol stack for a hybrid satellite and terrestrial network5

5.2 Mixed type ofA hybrid architecture eHybrid type 2 and 3 for MSS systemsand integrated networkMixed type ofA hybrid architecture example for MSS systemsand integrated network Hybrid type 2 and 3 systems

Hybrid type 2 system refers to a system in which satellite and terrestrial networks are operated independently of each other and used simultaneously to provide different types of services or switch the same services to user in order to provide seamless services. In a typical example of this type of hybrid system, a user terminal is provided mobile TV services via the satellite network and 2G/3G services via the terrestrial networks. In another example, a user terminal is provided S-UMTS services via the satellite network mainly in open or rural areas and 2G/3G services via the terrestrial networks mainly in urban areas.

Hybrid type 3 system refers to a system in which satellite with CGC (or ATC) and terrestrial networks are operated independently of each other and used simultaneously to provide different types of services or switch the same services to user in order to provide seamless services. In a typical example of this type of hybrid system, a user terminal is provided mobile TV services via the satellite network where the signal reception is provided directly from the satellite and also indirectly through CGCs (or ATC). On the other hand, a user terminal is provided 2G/3G services via the terrestrial networks.

5 See also working document towards a preliminary draft new Recommendation on a Reference Architecture for Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Network in the Next Generation Network Environment, Annex 9 to Document 4B/28, Working Party 4B Chairman’s Report (23 April 2008).


http://www.itu.int/md/R07-WP4B-C-0028/en

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FIGURE 4

An example of hybrid type 2 satellite/terrestrial network architecture

SatelliteGateway

Satellite core network

Terrestrial core network

Mobile TV reception from satellite

2G/3G services with terrestrial network

FIGURE 5

An example of hybrid type 3 satellite/terrestrial network architecture

SatelliteGateway

Satellite core network

Terrestrial core network

Mobile TV reception from both satellite and

CGC (ATC)

2G/3G services with terrestrial network

CGC (ATC)

As represented in Figure 5, for the forward link for provision of the MBMS in MSS systems, a satellite can be associated with a nationwide or regional ensemble of CGCs wherein the satellite and CGC segments communicate with user equipment by using a common set of MSS frequencies similar to the mobile TV services to handheld terminalsconventional S-DMB in Korea and DVB-SH in Europe. In the system architecture of Figure 5, the CGCs can be deployed in areas where satellite reception is difficult, especially in urban areas. They may be co-located with mobile cell sites or standalone. Different typesSeveral kinds of GCGs can be considered including such as


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simple amplifying and forwarding CGC, i.e. like a simple repeater and those with more complicated capability of , a demodulatingon and forwarding CGC, a, decoding, and forwarding CGC, and so on. Usually, a simple repeater may be installed considering deployment cost. For forward link, Tthe common set usage of frequency bands may be used for and the share of management systems between athe satellite and CGCs represent that an integrated MSS network is considered for the forward link for the interactive MBMS.

On the other hand, in the return link of the interactive MBMS for the support of user demand such as Video on Demand (VoD), a user equipment (UE) can be accessed to a terrestrial network for seamless availability in areas where the signal from the UE is hard to be received by a satellite, especially in urban area. A satellite network would be used when the UE is out of the reach of the terrestrial network. In that sense, the hybrid satellite and terrestrial network can be considered for the return link of the interactive MBMS to support the seamless connectivity.

FIGURE 5

Mixed type of hybrid and integratedHybrid networks for MSS

With the service examples shown in Figure 5, the following twohree types of hybridMSS systems can be considered.− Hybrid Type 1Multiservice Satellite/Terrestrial Systems

• Satellite mobile TV services to handheld terminals− Satellite component: Providing mobile TV services without CGC or ATC− Terrestrial component: Providing 2G/3G via terrestrial cellular networks

• Satellite mobile communication services to handheld terminals− Satellite component: Providing S-UMTS services


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− Terrestrial component: Providing 2G/3G via terrestrial cellular networks− Integrated MSS System• Satellite mobile TV services services to handheld terminals− Satellite component: Providing mobile TV service with CGC or ATC− Terrestrial component: CGC or ATC

− Hybrid Type 3 Satellite/Terrestrial Systems• Satellite mobile TV services to handheld terminals

− Satellite component: Providing mobile TV services with CGC or ATC− Terrestrial component: 2G/3G services via terrestrial network and CGC or

ATC
