r7320102 environmental engineering

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Code :R7320102 1III B.Tech II Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2011

ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING-I

(Civil Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE questions

All questions carry equal marks

1. (a) State the importance of treating water for public supply.

(b) A water supply scheme has to be designed for a city having a population of 1,00,000.

Estimate the important kinds of drafts which may be required to be recorded for an

average water consumption of 250 lpcd. Also record the required capacities of the major

components of the proposed water works system for the city using a river as the source of

water supply. Assume suitable data where needed.

2. (a) Compare Surface and Ground waters as source of water supply from the con- side rations

ofquantity and quality.

(b) Explain the general methods ofdistribution of water employed in municipal water supply

schemes.

3. (a) Describe in brief various unit operations for chemical clarification along with the design

recommendations.

(b) Enumerate and discuss the various methods which are adopted collectively for treating

public water supplies drawn from a perennial river.

4. (a) Explain the working of a Rapid sand filter with a neat sketch.

(b) Design a set of slow sand filters to treat 2 million liters per day of water. Give the

dimensioned sketch and explain how it works.

5. Write a detailed note on the detection and prevention of wastage of water in the distribution

system?

6. What do you mean by variation in flowof sewage? Explain average flow, dry weather flow, and

maximum flow?

7. State the common laboratory tests conducted on sewage and their importance in the treatment

and disposal of sewage.

8. Design a septic tank for 200 users. Water allowance is 120 litres per head per day. Detention

period may be taken as 8 hours. Draw a neat dimensioned sketch of the septic tank you design.


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Year 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0

Population 2 5 0 00 2 8 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 4 2 0 00 4 7 0 00



(Civil Engineering)




1 . (a) State object ives to be kept in view in des ign ing a water supply system.

(b) The populat ions of 5 decades f rom 1960 to 2000 are g iven below in table. Find out thepopu la tion a f te r one , two and three decades beyond the last known decade, by usingGeometr ic inc rease method.

2 . (a) Enumerate the var ious forms in which ground water occurs in nature . D iscuss br iefl ythe explo itat ion ofits most important source.

(b) Wha t a r e infi l trat ion gal ler ies and infi l trat ion wel ls? Explain with the help of nea t

sketches.

3 . (a) Defi ne fl owing through per iod and detent ion per iod in a sedimentation basin.

(b) Prove that the area and overfl ow rates rather than the detent ion per iod govern the des ignof a sett l ing tank.

4 . (a) Write a detai led note on troubles in operat ion o f Rap id sand fi lter.(b) Calcu late the area o f fi l te r ing me d ia required for t reat ing water by m eans of Rap id

sand fi l te rs g iv ing the data:

Populat ion: 8000 0, Rate o f supply: 200 lpcd,Maximum dem and: 1.5 t ime s the average, Assume su itab le rate o f fi ltration.

5 . W hat do you unders tand by Continuous and inte rmi t ten t supp ly sys tems o f wate r? Compareboth with respect to the ir m er i ts and demerits?

6 . Di ff e re ntia te b e tw e en S e w ag e a n d Drainage ? D iscuss th e Ra t iona l f o rmu l a forcalculating t he peak d r a i n age d i s c ha rge f r om a g i ven Ca t c hmen t and r eac h i ng a pa r t i c u l a r

storm water dra in up to a part icular point.

7 . G i ve a list of methods ava ilab le fo r treatment o f sewage for both rura l and urban conditions.

8. W hat do you understand by d igestion o f sewage s ludge? G ive a neat sketch of separate digestiontank and exp la in its working?


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Year 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0

Population 2 5 0 00 2 8 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 4 2 0 00 4 7 0 00



(Civil Engineering)




1 . (a) Discuss in deta i l the mer i ts and demer i ts ofthe var ious me thods adopted for est imat ingthe future popu lat ion of a city.

(b) The populat ions of 5 decades f rom 1960 to 2000 are g iven below in table. Find out thepopu la tion a f te r one , two and three decades beyond the last known decade, by usingIncrem enta l increase method.

2 . (a) W hat are spr ings and how are they formed ? Discuss the var ious typ es o f springs.

(b) Descr ibe an artes ian wel l , and h ow is it fo rmed.

3 . (a) Descr ibe the const ituents o f a coagu lat ion -sed imentat ion plant.

(b) Design a rec tangu la r sed imentation tank to trea t 3780 m 3/day of coagu la te d w a te r. Makenecessary assumpt ions. Sketch the in let, out let a nd s ludge rem oval a r rangements .

4 . (a) Com pare the des ign and work ing features o f the s low sand fi l ter a nd pressure fi lter.

(b) Design s low sand fi lters for a v illage wi th 1000 0 popu la tion, assuming su itab le data . G ive

the p lan and sect ion o f the fi lter.

5. W hat factors eff ect the pressure in p ipe l ines of d istr ibu t ion system ? W ha t pressures areusually adopted for various p ipes? W hat po ints should be kept in m ind wh i le de s ign ing p ipelines?

6 . What are the d iff erent hydra u l ic e leme nts and the re lat ion that ex is ts between them,which govern the d ischarge through a se we r?

7. D iff erentia te between aerob ic and anaerobic t reatment o f sewage, g iving ma jor end

products?Name one t rea tment m ethod in each category.

8. Compare and contrast sept ic tank with Imhoff tank and c lar igester , in scope, fun ctionand p er formance.


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Year 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0

Population 8 0 00 0 1 2 00 00 1 68 00 0 2 28 58 0



(Civil Engineering)




1 . (a) Descr ibe the ro le ofvar ious agenc ies in the p lann ing and deve lopment ofwater supplysystem.

(b) Given the fo l lowing data, ca lcu la te the populat ion at the end ofnex t th ree decades byAr i thm et ic increase method.

2 . (a) Diff erent iate between confi ned and unconfi ned aquifers.

(b) Descr ibe the var ious type s o f wells.

3 . (a) Enum erate the che micals which a re used for coagulat ion. Discuss their com para tive meritsand demerits.

(b) Prove theoret ical ly that the sur face load ing and not the depth is a measure of eff ectiveremoval of part ic les in an idea l sed imentat ion tank. Ment ion the assumpt ions made intheory.

4 . (a) Compare the des ign and work ing features o f the rap id sand fi l ter and pressure fi lter.

(b) Des ign a set ofrap id sand fi l te rs fort reat ing water required fora popu lat ion of5 0 0 0 0 .The ra te o f supply be ing 180 lpcd. The fi lters a re ra ted to work a t 5000 l i ters/hour/sq.m.Assum e any other su i table data required.

5. Write short notes on various type s of service reservoirs.

6. Descr ibe the method o f es timat ing sanitary sewage o f a city in detail.

7. W hat is the objec t ofsewage t reatment? D ist inguish between f resh sewage, s ta le sewage andsept ic se wage?

8. Wr i te in deta i l ab out the const ruction o f Ox idat ion Pond.

r7320102 environmental engineering

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