radiographic anatomy2
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Extraoral Radiographic Anatomy
Mark Gil Q. Virtudes, DMD
College of Dentistry
Manila Central University
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Lateral Oblique Projection
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Lateral Oblique
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Lateral Oblique Projection
The film is placed against the side ofthe patient’s face
X-ray beam is directed postero-
anteriorly from the opposite side
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Lateral Oblique Projection
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A. Maxillary tuberosity
B. Lower border ofmandible (side away
from film)C. Mental foramen
D. Superior border oftongue
E. Styloid process
F. Mandibular canal
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A. Zygomatic process of
maxilla
B. Vertrebral column
C. Lower border of
mandible (side closer to
film)
D. Zygoma
E. Zygomatic arch
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A. Lower border of orbit
B. Neck of condyle
C. Vertebral column
D. Hyoid bone
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Lateral Head
Projection
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Lateral Head
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Lateral Skull
Midsagittal plane of the patient’s headis parallel to the film
X-ray beam is perpendicular to the film
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Lateral Head
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A= Frontal sinus
B= Floor of the anterior cranial fossa
C= Anterior clinoid process
D= Posterior clinoid process
E= Pituitary fossa
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A= Nasal bone
B= Zygomatic process of the maxilla closer to the film
C= Ethmoid sinus
D= Pterygomaxillary fissure
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A= Orbital plates of frontal bone
B= Orbit
C= Sphenoid sinus
D= Cross section of the greater wing of the sphenoid (ant. wall
of middle cranial fossa)
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A= Zygomatic process of the maxilla closer to the film
B= Zygomatic process of the maxilla further to the film
C= Dorsal border of tongue
D= Pterygoid plate complex
E= Soft palate
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A= Hard palate
B= Lingual cortical plate of mandible (anterior part)
C= Nasopharynx
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Postero-Anterior
Projection
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PA Skull Projection
Midsagittal plane of the head isperpendicular to the film
Forehead and the nose touch the film
X-ray beam is perpendicular to the film
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A= Orbital plate of frontal bone
B= Frontal spine
C= Sup. border of orbit
D= Sphenoid sinus
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A= Lacrimal canal B= Middle nasal concha
C= Vomer
D= Mastoid air cells
E= Atlas-occipital condyle articulation
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A= Zygomatic process of maxilla
B= Anterior border of ascending ramus
C= Coronoid process
D= Odontoid process of axis
E= Maxillary tuberosity
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A= Inferior nasal concha B= Inferior nasal meatus
C= Occipital condyle
D= Maxillary sinus
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A= Wall of nasal fossa
B= Angle of the mandible
C= Body of the mandible
D= Maxillary sinus
E= Nasal septum
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Water’s
Projection
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Waters’ Projection
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Waters’ Projection
Midsagittal plane of the head isperpendicular to the film
chin touches the film
X-ray beam is perpendicular to the film
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A= Frontal sinus
B=Crista galli
C=Supraorbital notch
D=Lesser wing of sphenoid
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A= Foramen rotundum
B= Foramen ovale
C= Nasal septum
D= Floor of middle cranial fossa
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A= Sphenoid sinus
B= Infraorbital foramen and canal
C= Superior orbital fissure
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A= Inferior aspect of the base of skull
B= Odontoid process of axis
C= Inferior border of body of mandible
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A= Infraorbital rim B= Zygomatic process of maxilla
C= Condyle
D= Coronoid process
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A= Common nasal meatus B= Inferior nasal concha
C= Hard palate
D= Superior border of the tongue
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A= Nasal septum B= Hyoid bone
C= Zygomatic process of temporal bone
D= Inferior nasal meatus
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A= Posterior wall of maxillary sinus
B= Hard palate
C= Soft palate
D= Maxillary tuberosity
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A= Inferior border of mandibular canal
B= Left maxillary sinus
C= Ear lobe
D= Mental foramen
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A. Articular eminence
B. Sigmoid notch
C. Shadow of contralateral mandible
D. Glenoid fossa
E. Posterior border of ramus
F. Inferior border of mandible