radiological signs ( shënja radiologjike ) - 5

8/11/2019 Radiological Signs ( Shnja Radiologjike ) - 5

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Sllavko K. Kallfa

Radiological SignsShnja Radiologjike)

Prmbledhje Artikujsh nga

Radiopaedia.org

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domesticated and wild animals X-ray signs

o anteater nose sign ............................. f.3 o bat's wing opacities ........................ f.9 o bear's paw sign ................................... f.17 o bull's eye .................................................... f.25 o

claw sign.................................................... f.32

o eye of tiger sign .................................. f.38 o feline oesophagus ............................. f.44 o hidebound sign ................................... f.48 o panda sign ............................................... f.52 o panda sign of sarcoidosis ......... f.55 o pleural mouse ...................................... f.56 o scotty dog sign .................................... f.57 o staghorn calculus ............................ f.63 o rat tail sign ........................................... . f.76 o winking owl sign ............................. f.79

tigroid pattern or leopard skin sign ..f.91

moose head appearance ............ f.94

snake eyes - ......................................... . f.100

dural tail : of meningioma .... f.104
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/anteater-nose-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/anteater-nose-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bat-wing-pulmonary-opacities-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/bat-wing-pulmonary-opacities-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/bears-paw-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bears-paw-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bulls-eye-sign-generalhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bulls-eye-sign-generalhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/claw-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/claw-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/eye-of-tiger-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/eye-of-tiger-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/feline-oesophagushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/feline-oesophagushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/hidebound-bowel-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/hidebound-bowel-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/panda-sign-of-the-midbrainhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/panda-sign-of-the-midbrainhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/panda-sign-of-sarcoidosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/panda-sign-of-sarcoidosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pleural-mousehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pleural-mousehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/scotty-dog-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/scotty-dog-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/the-winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/the-winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/leopard-skin-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/moose-head-appearancehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/moose-head-appearancehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dural-tail-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/dural-tail-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dural-tail-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/moose-head-appearancehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/leopard-skin-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/the-winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/scotty-dog-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pleural-mousehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/panda-sign-of-sarcoidosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/panda-sign-of-the-midbrainhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/hidebound-bowel-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/feline-oesophagushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/eye-of-tiger-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/claw-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bulls-eye-sign-generalhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bears-paw-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bat-wing-pulmonary-opacities-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/anteater-nose-sign


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Anteater nose signDr Jeremy Jones and Dr Andrew Dixon et al.

The anteater nose sign refers to an anterior tubular prolongation of the superior calcaneus whichapproaches or overlaps the navicular on a lateral radiograph of the foot. This fancifullyresembles the nose of an anteater and is an indication of calcaneonavicular coalition 1-2.

Etymology

The sign was first described by Oestreich et. al. in 1987 1.

References

1. Oestreich AE, Mize WA, Crawford AH et-al. The "anteater nose": a direct sign ofcalcaneonavicular coalition on the lateral radiograph. J Pediatr Orthop. 7 (6): 709-11. - Pubmedcitation

2. Crim JR, Kjeldsberg KM. Radiographic diagnosis of tarsal coalition. AJR Am J Roentgenol.2004;182 (2): 323-8. AJR Am J Roentgenol (citation) - Pubmed citation

Synonyms & Alternative SpellingsSynonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?

Anteater sign

Anteater's nose sign

Ant-eater nose sign
http://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dixonahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dixonahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dixonahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/calcaneonavicular-coalitionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/calcaneonavicular-coalitionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/calcaneonavicular-coalitionhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3429658http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3429658http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3429658http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3429658http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/182/2/323http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/182/2/323http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/182/2/323http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14736655http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14736655http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14736655http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14736655http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/182/2/323http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3429658http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3429658http://radiopaedia.org/articles/calcaneonavicular-coalitionhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dixonahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermy


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Anteater Please see case description page for licence and original file information. From the case: Anteater

Modality: Photo
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/anteaterhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/anteaterhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/anteater


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From the case: Calcaneonavicular coalition

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-1


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Calcaneonavicular coalition


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From the case: Calcaneonavicular coalition

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-1


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From the case: Calcaneonavicular coalition "anteater nose sign"

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-anteater-nose-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-anteater-nose-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-anteater-nose-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/calcaneonavicular-coalition-anteater-nose-sign-1


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Bat wing pulmonary opacitiesDr Yuranga Weerakkody and Dr Behrang Amini et al.

Bat's wing or butterfly pulmonary opacities refer to a pattern of bilateral perihilar shadowing.

It is classically described on a frontal chest radiograph but can also refer to appearances on chestCT 3-4.

Bat's wing pulmonary opacities can be caused by

pulmonary oedema (especially cardiogenic) pneumonia

o aspiration pneumonia o pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) o viral pneumoniao lipoid pneumonia

inhalation injuryo noxious gaso liquid

pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 3 pulmonary haemorrhage (e.g. Goodpasture syndrome ) lymphoma / leukaemia bronchoalveolar carcinoma

References

1. Shah PL, Hansell D, Lawson PR et-al. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: clinical aspects andcurrent concepts on pathogenesis. Thorax. 2000;55 (1): 67-77. doi:10.1136/thorax.55.1.67 - Freetext at pubmed - Pubmed citation

2. Webb WR and Higgins CB. Chapter 2. Consolidation and atelectasis. in Thoracic Imaging:Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Radiology. 2004; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
http://radiopaedia.org/users/weer06http://radiopaedia.org/users/weer06http://radiopaedia.org/users/behrang%20aminihttp://radiopaedia.org/users/behrang%20aminihttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-oedemahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-oedemahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/aspiration-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/aspiration-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pneumocystis-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pneumocystis-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=viral-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/lipoid-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/lipoid-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-alveolar-proteinosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-alveolar-proteinosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/goodpasture-syndromehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/goodpasture-syndromehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/goodpasture-syndromehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/adenocarcinoma-in-situ-and-minimally-invasive-adenocarcinoma-in-lunghttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/adenocarcinoma-in-situ-and-minimally-invasive-adenocarcinoma-in-lunghttp://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.55.1.67http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.55.1.67http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.55.1.67http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10607805http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10607805http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10607805http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10607805http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745595http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745595http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.55.1.67http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adenocarcinoma-in-situ-and-minimally-invasive-adenocarcinoma-in-lunghttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/goodpasture-syndromehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-alveolar-proteinosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/lipoid-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=viral-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pneumocystis-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/aspiration-pneumoniahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-oedemahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/behrang%20aminihttp://radiopaedia.org/users/weer06


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3. Swensen SJ, Aughenbaugh GL, Douglas WW et-al. High-resolution CT of the lungs: findings invarious pulmonary diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;158 (5): 971-9. AJR Am J Roentgenol(abstract) - Pubmed citation

4. Gluecker T, Capasso P, Schnyder P et-al. Clinical and radiologic features of pulmonary edema.Radiographics. 19 (6): 1507-31. Radiographics (full text) - Pubmed citation


Bat wing opacity

Bat wing pulmonary opacities

Bat's wing opacity

Bat's wing pulmonary opacity

Batwing pulmonary opacities
http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/158/5/971http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/158/5/971http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/158/5/971http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/158/5/971http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566699http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566699http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566699http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/19/6/1507.fullhttp://radiographics.rsna.org/content/19/6/1507.fullhttp://radiographics.rsna.org/content/19/6/1507.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10555672http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10555672http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10555672http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10555672http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/19/6/1507.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566699http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/158/5/971http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/158/5/971


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From the case: Pulmonary oedema

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-oedemahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-oedemahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-oedemahttp://radiopaedia.org/images/25532http://radiopaedia.org/images/25532http://radiopaedia.org/images/25532http://radiopaedia.org/images/25532http://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-oedema


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From the case: Fruit bat

Modality: Photo
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/fruit-bathttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/fruit-bathttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/fruit-bathttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/fruit-bat


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From the case: Pulmonary haemorrhage

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhage


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From the case: Pulmonary haemorrhage

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhagehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/pulmonary-haemorrhage


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Bear's paw signDr Jeremy Jones and Dr Frank Gaillard et al.

The bear's paw sign is seen in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and refers to the cross-sectional appearance of the kidney which is said to resemble the paw of a bear. The renal pelvisis contracted whereas the calyces are dilated, mimicking the toe-pads of the paw.

References

1. Dyer RB, Chen MY, Zagoria RJ. Classic signs in uroradiology. Radiographics. 2004;24 Suppl 1(suppl 1): S247-80. doi:10.1148/rg.24si045509 - Pubmed citation


Bear's paw sign of XPN

Bear's paw sign in XPN

Bear's paw sign of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Bear's paw sign in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
http://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/xanthogranulomatous-pyelonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/xanthogranulomatous-pyelonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/xanthogranulomatous-pyelonephritishttp://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045509http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045509http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045509http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486245http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486245http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486245http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486245http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045509http://radiopaedia.org/articles/xanthogranulomatous-pyelonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermy


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Polar bear Image courtesy of wikimedia user Cburnett. Please see case description page for licence andoriginal file information. From the case: Polar bear

Modality: Photo
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/polar-bearhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/polar-bearhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/polar-bearhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/polar-bear


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From the case: Xanthogranulomatous pylonephritis

Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/xanthogranulomatous-pylonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/xanthogranulomatous-pylonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/xanthogranulomatous-pylonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/xanthogranulomatous-pylonephritis


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From the case: Xanthogranulomatous pylonephritis

Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/xanthogranulomatous-pylonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/xanthogranulomatous-pylonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/xanthogranulomatous-pylonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/images/2709080http://radiopaedia.org/images/2709080http://radiopaedia.org/images/2709080http://radiopaedia.org/images/2709080http://radiopaedia.org/cases/xanthogranulomatous-pylonephritis


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Bull's eye sign - generalDr Henry Knipe and Dr M Udayakumar et al.

There are many bull's eye signs , also referred to as target signs :

red bone marrow located in shaft of long bone with central yellow marrow on MRI peripheral plexiform neurofibromas on MRI intussusception : see target sign of intussusception choledocholithiasis : see target sign of choledocholithiasis cerebral metastases cerebral abscess barium studies 2

o aphthoid ulcers - earliest lesion seen in Crohn's disease on barium enemao gastic lymphoma with central ulceration 4 o GIST with central ulcerationo hematogenous gastric metastaseso gastric adenocarcinoma with central ulceration

lung granuloma lyme disease target sign of haematoma on MRI (also called concentric ring sign on MRI) also described in tears of deep tendon of rectus femoris in athletes

References

1. Dunnick NR, Harell GS, Parker BR. Multiple "bull's-eye" lesions in gastric lymphoma. AJR Am JRoentgenol. 1976;126 (5): 965-9. AJR Am J Roentgenol (citation) - Pubmed citation

2. Rubesin SE, Levine MS, Laufer I. Double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography: a patternapproach for diseases of the stomach. Radiology. 2008;246 (1): 33-48.doi:10.1148/radiol.2461061245 - Pubmed citation

Synonyms & Alternative SpellingsSynonyms or Alternative

Spelling Include in Listings?

Bulls eye sign - general
http://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/udaymd86http://radiopaedia.org/users/udaymd86http://radiopaedia.org/users/udaymd86http://radiopaedia.org/articles/bone-marrowhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bone-marrowhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bone-marrowhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/plexiform-neurofibromahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/plexiform-neurofibromahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/plexiform-neurofibromahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intussusceptionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intussusceptionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intussusceptionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intussusceptionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intussusceptionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/choledocholithiasishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/choledocholithiasishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/target-sign-of-choledocholithiasishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/target-sign-of-choledocholithiasishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/target-sign-of-choledocholithiasishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/brain-abscess-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/brain-abscess-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/crohns-disease-4http://radiopaedia.org/articles/crohns-disease-4http://radiopaedia.org/articles/crohns-disease-4http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gastric-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/gastric-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumour-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumour-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=gastric-adenocarcinomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=gastric-adenocarcinomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=lung-granulomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=lung-granulomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=lyme-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=lyme-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/concentric-ring-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/concentric-ring-signhttp://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/126/5/965http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/126/5/965http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/126/5/965http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/178240http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/178240http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/178240http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2461061245http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2461061245http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096527http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096527http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096527http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096527http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2461061245http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/178240http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/126/5/965http://radiopaedia.org/articles/concentric-ring-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=lyme-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=lung-granulomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=gastric-adenocarcinomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumour-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gastric-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/crohns-disease-4http://radiopaedia.org/articles/brain-abscess-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/target-sign-of-choledocholithiasishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/choledocholithiasishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intussusceptionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intussusceptionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/plexiform-neurofibromahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bone-marrowhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/udaymd86http://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipe


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T1T1WI with Gad

From the case: Bull's eye sign (from cerebral metastasis) Case 1 : with a cerebral metastasis

Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/bulls-eye-sign-from-cerebral-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/bulls-eye-sign-from-cerebral-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/bulls-eye-sign-from-cerebral-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/bulls-eye-sign-from-cerebral-metastasis


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Asmall 'pit' of barium contained within an ulcer cavity in the body of the stomach From the case: Gastriculcer - a bull's eye

Modality: Fluoroscopy Case 4 : with a gasric ulcer
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/gastric-ulcer-a-bulls-eyehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gastric-ulcer-a-bulls-eyehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gastric-ulcer-a-bulls-eyehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gastric-ulcer-a-bulls-eyehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gastric-ulcer-a-bulls-eyehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gastric-ulcer-a-bulls-eye


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From the case: Cerebral absceses

Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cerebral-absceseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cerebral-absceseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cerebral-absceseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cerebral-absceses


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Claw signDr Jeremy Jones and Dr Frank Gaillard et al.

The claw sign is useful in determining whether a mass arises from a solid structure or is locatedadjacent to it and distorts the outline.

It refers to the sharp angles on either side of the mass which the surrounding normal parenchymaforms when the mass has arisen from the parenchyma. As such, normal parenchyma extendssome way around the mass.

Examples where a claw sign is useful include:

meningioma vs intraparenchymal brain tumour Wilms tumour vs neuroblastoma renal angiomyolipoma vs retroperitoneal liposarcoma

References 1. Routhier JR, Woodfield CA, Mayo-smith WW. AJR teaching file: fat-containing retroperitoneal

mass presenting with acute flank pain. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192 (6): S122-4.doi:10.2214/AJR.07.7007 - Pubmed citation


Claw-sign
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From the case: Wilms tumour
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From the case: Wilms tumour

Modality: CT
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C+ portal venous phaseNo calcification in the right sided abdominal mass. An important consideration with paediatricabdominal mass in distinguishing a Wilm's tumour from neuroblastoma. From the case: Wilm's tumour -claw sign

Modality: CT
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From the case: Hallervorden-Spatzsyndrome

Modality: MRI
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Feline oesophagusDr Laughlin Dawes e t al.

Feline oesophagus also known as oesophageal shiver , refers to the transient transverse bandsseen in the lower oesophagus on a double contrast barium swallow .

The appearance is almost always associated with active gastro-oesophageal reflux 2,3 andis thought to be due to contraction of the muscularis mucosae with resultant shortening of theoesophagus and 'bunching up' of the overlying mucosa 2.

Radiographic features

The folds are 1-2 mm thick and run horizontally around the entire circumference of theoseophageal lumen. The findings are transient, seen following reflux and not during swallowing.The appearance is confined to the distal two-thirds of the thoracic oesophagus.

Etymology

Transverse oesophageal folds were originally described in 1970 by Bremner et al 5 as a normalanatomic feature of the cat oesophagus. The term feline oesophagus has hence been applied tothe similar transient appearance in the human oesophagus.

Differential diagnoses

scarring from reflux 1-2 o permanento thickero

cross less than half of the lumen oesophageal spasm 1 o much thicker bands

eosinophilic oesophagitis 4 o 'ringed oesophagus' seen in ~50%o similar sized bandso permanento stricturing
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short: you are free to share and make derivative works of the file under the conditions that youappropriately attribute it, and that you distribute it only under a license identical to this one. Officiallicens

From the case: Feline oesophagus - endoscopic view
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Hidebound bowel signDr Jeremy Jones and Dr Andrew Dixon et al.

The hidebound bowel sign refers to an appearance on a barium study of the small bowel in patients with scleroderma . The sign describes the narrow separation between the valvulaeconniventes which are of normal thickness despite dilatation of the bowel lumen.

Although the term hidebound is used specifically to describe scleroderma, the same appearancecan be present in sprue . Stack of coins is an alternate descriptive term that can be used for bothconditions.

The cause of hidebound appearance in scleroderma is thought to be asymmetric smooth muscleatrophy of the inner circular muscularis layer relative to the outer longitudinal layer. Con tractionof the longitudinal layer results in foreshortening of the bowel and close packing of the valvulaeconniventes.

References

1. Pickhardt PJ. The "hide-bound" bowel sign. Radiology. 1999;213 (3): 837-8. Radiology (full

text) [pubmed citation ] 2. Marc S. Levine et.al, Pattern Approach for Diseases of Mesenteric Small Bowel on BariumStudies, November 2008 Radiology, 249, 445-460.


Stack of coins bowel sign

Stack of coins

Hide-bound
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From the case: Scleroderma small bowel involvement

Modality: Barium
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From the case: Scleroderma small bowel involvement

Modality: Barium
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Panda sign of the midbrainDr Jeremy Jones and Dr Frank Gaillard et al.

The panda sign in neuroimaging refers to the appearance of the midbrain , when the red nucleus and substantia nigra are surrounded by high T2 signal.

It is classically seen in Wilson disease , although whenever the white matter is diffusely abnormalin the region a similar appearance will be perceived.

See also

panda sign of sarcoidosis

References

1. Schott JM. A neurological MRI menagerie. Pract Neurol. 2007;7 (3): 186-90.doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.120261 - Pubmed citation

2. Hitoshi, S., M. Iwata, et al. (1991). "Mid-brain pathology of Wilson's disease: MRI analysis ofthree cases." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54(7): 624-626.

3. Stefano Zagami, A. and P. M. Boers (2001). "Disappearing "face of the giant panda"."Neurology 56(5): 665.

4. Thapa, R. and A. Ghosh (2008). "'Face of the giant panda' sign in Wilson disease." PediatrRadiol 38(12): 1355.


Panda sign - midbrain Photograph - panda
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From the case: Toxic leukoencephalopathy

Modality: MRI
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Panda sign of sarcoidosisDr Jeremy Jones and Dr M Udayakumar et al.

The panda sign of sarcoidosis is a gallium-67 citrate scan finding. It is due to bilaeralinvolvement of parotid and lacrimal glands in sarcoidosis , superimposed on the normal uptake inthe nasopharyngeal mucosa .

The presence of perihilar adenopathy adds the lambda distribution of increased uptake in thechest, which at times has been included in the description of the panda distribution.

The panda sign is not specific for sarcoidosis, although it is one of few disorders that affect thesalivary and lacrimal glands symmetrically.

Since Ga-67 citrate accumulates in areas of inflammation and malignancy, the differentialdiagnosis for the symmetric bilateral accumulation in the lacrimal and salivary glands includeslymphoma (after irradiation), Sjgren syndrome , and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.


When the normal accumulation of the radionuclide in the nasopharynx is combined withincreased symmetric accumulation in the parotid and lacrimal glands, the image shows a strikingsimilarity to the mottled coloring of the giant panda.

References

1. Kurdziel KA. The panda sign. Radiology. 2000;215 (3): 884-5. Radiology (full text) - Pubmedcitation


Panda sign in sarcoidosis
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Scotty dog signDr Ayush Goel and Dr Frank Gaillard et al.

The scotty dog sign refers to the normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seenobliquely. On oblique views, the posterior elements form the figure of a Scotty dog with

the transverse process being the nose the pedicle forming the eye the inferior articular facet being the front leg the superior articular facet representing the ear the pars interarticularis (the portion of the lamina that lies between the facets) equivalent to

the neck of the dog.

If a spondylolysis is present, the pars interarticularis, or the neck of the dog, will have a defect or break. It often looks as if the dog has a collar around the neck (or decapitation for those with a bloodier imagination).

References 1. Mellado JM, Larrosa R, Martn J et-al. MDCT of variations and anomalies of the neural arch

and its processes: part 1--pedicles, pars interarticularis, laminae, and spinous process. AJR Am JRoentgenol. 2011;197 (1): W104-13. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.5803 - Pubmed citation

2. Yochum TR, Rowe LJ. Essentials of Skeletal Radiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2004)ISBN:0781739462. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon


Scotty dog appearance

Scottie dog sign

Scotty dog's sign
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From the case: Scotty dog Scotty dog Oblique view of the lumbar spine with scotty dog appearance.

Modality: X-ray
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.

From the case: L5 pars defect

Modality: X-ray
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From the case: L5 pars defect

Modality: X-ray
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From the case: Pars interarticularis defect

Modality: X-ray
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From the case: Scotty dog appearance - oblique view

Modality: X-ray
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Staghorn calculusDr Yuranga Weerakkody and Dr Frank Gaillard et al.

Staghorn calculi (also sometimes called coral calculi ) obtain their characteristic shape byforming a cast of the renal pelvis and calices, thus resembling the horns of a stag.

For a general discussion of renal calculi please refer to nephrolithiasis .

Epidemiology

Staghorn calculi are the result of recurrent infection and are thus more commonly encountered in4 women, those with renal tract anomalies, reflex, spinal cord injuries, neurogenic bladder or ilealureteral diversion.

Clinical presentation

The majority of staghorn calculi are symptomatic, presenting with fever, haematuria, flank painand potentially septicaemia and abscess formation.

Pathology

Staghorn calculi are composed of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and are usuallyseen in the setting of infection with urease producing bacteria (e.g. Proteus, Klebsiella,

Pseudomonas and Enterobacter ). Urease hydrolyses urea to ammonium and increase in theurinary pH 1-3.
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The struvite accounts for approximately 70% of these calculi, and is usually mixed with calcium phosphate thus rendering them opaque on both plain films and CT. Uric acid and cystine are theunderlying component of a minority of these calculi 3.


Plain film

The vast majority of staghorn calculi are radiopaque and appear as branching calcific densitiesoverlying the renal outline and may mimic an excretory phase IVP. Lamination within the stoneis common.

Ulrasound

The collecting system is filled with a densely calcific mass producing intense posterior acousticshadowing.

CT

Staghorn calculi are radiopaque and conform to the renal pelvis and calyces, which are often tosome degree dilated. When viewed on bone windows they have a laminated appearance, due toalternating bands of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate 3.

Treatment and prognosis

Staghorn calculi need to be treated surgically (PCNL ) +/- ESWL and the entire stone removed,including small fragments, as otherwise these residual fragments act as a reservoir for infection

and recurrent stone formation.

If left untreated, staghorn calculi result in chronic infection and eventually may progress toxanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis 3.

Differential diagnosis

There is usually little differential, provided intravenous contrast has not been administered. Inthe latter situation the opaque collecting system may be attributed to contrast rather than thecalculus, especially when staghorn calculi are bilateral.

References

1. Fishman MC, Hoffman AR. Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2004) ISBN:0781725437.Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pcnlhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pcnlhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pcnlhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=eswlhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=eswlhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=eswlhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/xanthogranulomatous-pyelonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/xanthogranulomatous-pyelonephritishttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781725437http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781725437http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781725437?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0781725437http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781725437?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0781725437http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781725437?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0781725437http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781725437?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0781725437http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781725437http://radiopaedia.org/articles/xanthogranulomatous-pyelonephritishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=eswlhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pcnl


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From the case: Red deer stag Red deer stag Image courtesy of Mehmet Karatay. Please see casedescription page for licence and original file information.

Modality: Photo
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/red-deer-staghttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/red-deer-staghttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/red-deer-staghttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/red-deer-stag


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From the case: Staghorn calculus

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculus


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From the case: Staghorn calculus

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculushttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculus


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From the case: Staghorn calculus Staghorn calculus Image courtesy of H. Zell. Please see casedescription page for licence and original file information.

Modality: Photo
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculus-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculus-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculus-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculus-1


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From the case: Bilateral stag-horn calculi

Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/bilateral-stag-horn-calculihttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/bilateral-stag-horn-calculihttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/bilateral-stag-horn-calculihttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/bilateral-stag-horn-calculihttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/bilateral-stag-horn-calculihttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/bilateral-stag-horn-calculi


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From the case: Staghorn calculi

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculihttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculihttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculihttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/staghorn-calculi


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3DStaghorn calculus


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Rat-tail signDr Jeremy Jones and Dr Frank Gaillard et al.

The rat-tail sign is used to refer to the tapering of the inferior oesophagus in achalasia . The sameappearance (although it is difficult to see the similarity) is also referred to as the bird-beak sign .


rat-tail sign

Rat's tail sign
http://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bird-beak-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bird-beak-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bird-beak-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bird-beak-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermy


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From the case: Achalasia

Modality: Barium
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-9http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-9http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-9


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Absent pedicle sign

Winking owl sign

Winking owl's sign

Winking eye sign

Pedicle sign


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From the case: Absent pedicle in spinal metastases

Modality: X-ray

Case 1: absent right L4 pedicle
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-in-spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-in-spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-in-spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-in-spinal-metastases


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From the case: Absent pedicle - from spinal metastasis

Modality: X-ray

Case 2: absent left T11 pedicle
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-from-spinal-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-from-spinal-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-from-spinal-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-from-spinal-metastasis


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From the case: Absent pedicle - from spinal metastasis

Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-from-spinal-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-from-spinal-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-from-spinal-metastasishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-from-spinal-metastasis


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From the case: Absent pedicle sign (breast cancermetastases)

Modality: X-ray

Case 3: absent left L2 pedicle
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-sign-breast-cancer-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-sign-breast-cancer-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-sign-breast-cancer-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-sign-breast-cancer-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-sign-breast-cancer-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-sign-breast-cancer-metastases


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From the case: Winking owl sign

Modality: X-ray Case 4

From the case: Absent pedicle in spinal metastases
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-in-spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-in-spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-in-spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/absent-pedicle-in-spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/winking-owl-sign


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From the case: Winking owl sign

Modality: X-ray

There is a wide aetiology 3, 4 :

destroyed pedicleo spinal metastases o intraspinal malignancieso tuberculosis and other infectionso uncommon: primary bone lesion; lymphoma
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/winking-owl-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/tuberculosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/tuberculosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/tuberculosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-metastaseshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/winking-owl-sign


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congenital absence/hypoplasia of a pedicle neurofibromatosis poorly visualised radiation therapy

References 1. Jacobs WB, Perrin RG. Evaluation and treatment of spinal metastases: an overview. Neurosurg

Focus. 2001;11(6). Free pdf 2. Boos N, Aebi M (eds). Spinal disorders: Fundamentals of diagnosis and treatment. Springer

Berlin (2008) ISBN-10: 3540405119. Read it at Google Books 3. Yochum TR, Rowe LJ. Essentials of Skeletal Radiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2005)

ISBN:0781739462. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon 4. Ortiz D. Reeder and Felson's gamuts in radiology. Praeger. ISBN:0313312168. Read it at

Google Books - Find it at Amazon


Absent pedicle sign

Winking owl sign

Winking owl's sign

Winking eye sign

Pedicle sign
http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/foc.2001.11.6.11http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/foc.2001.11.6.11http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/foc.2001.11.6.11http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN3540405119http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN3540405119http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN3540405119http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781739462http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781739462http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781739462http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781739462http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781739462http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781739462http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0313312168http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0313312168http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0313312168http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0313312168http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0313312168http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0313312168http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0313312168http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0313312168http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0313312168http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0313312168http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781739462http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781739462http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN3540405119http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/foc.2001.11.6.11


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Leopard skin signDr Maxime St-Amant and Dr Praveen Jha et al.The Leopard skin sign (also known as tigroid pattern or stripe sign ) results from dark-spots orstripes (spared perivascular white matter) within bright demyelinated periventricular whitematter on T2W images. It is characteristically seen in :

metachromatic leukodystrophy Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix

References

1. Chavhan GB, Shroff MM. Twenty classic signs in neuroradiology: A pictorial essay. Indian JRadiol Imaging. 19 (2): 135-45. doi:10.4103/0971-3026.50835 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmedcitation


Tigroid pattern

Tigroid appearance

Stripe sign

Leopard's skin sign
http://radiopaedia.org/users/khadhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/khadhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/doctorjhahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/doctorjhahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/doctorjhahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/metachromatic-leukodystrophyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/metachromatic-leukodystrophyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pelizaeus-merzbacher-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pelizaeus-merzbacher-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/autosomal-recessive-spastic-ataxia-of-charlevoixhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/autosomal-recessive-spastic-ataxia-of-charlevoixhttp://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.50835http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.50835http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.50835http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765171http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765171http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765171http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19881070http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19881070http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19881070http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19881070http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19881070http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19881070http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765171http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.50835http://radiopaedia.org/articles/autosomal-recessive-spastic-ataxia-of-charlevoixhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pelizaeus-merzbacher-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/metachromatic-leukodystrophyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/doctorjhahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/khad


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Synonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?

Tigroid sign

From the case: Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Modality: MR
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/metachromatic-leukodystrophyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/metachromatic-leukodystrophyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/metachromatic-leukodystrophyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/metachromatic-leukodystrophy


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From the case: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (infantile type)

Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/metachromatic-leukodystrophy-infantile-typehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/metachromatic-leukodystrophy-infantile-typehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/metachromatic-leukodystrophy-infantile-typehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/metachromatic-leukodystrophy-infantile-type


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Moose head appearanceDr Matt Skalski and Dr Frank Gaillard et al.

The moose head appearance referes to the lateral ventricles in coronal projection in patientswith dysgenesis of the corpus callosum . The cigulate gyrus is everted into narrowed andelongated frontal horns.

An alternative name is the viking helmet sign .

References

1. Shenoy C. Shapiro syndrome. QJM. 2008;101 (1): 61-2. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcm106 - Pubmedcitation


Moose head appearance of corpus callosal dysgenesis
http://radiopaedia.org/users/docskalskihttp://radiopaedia.org/users/docskalskihttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dysgenesis-of-the-corpus-callosumhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dysgenesis-of-the-corpus-callosumhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dysgenesis-of-the-corpus-callosumhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/viking-helmet-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/viking-helmet-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/viking-helmet-signhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcm106http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcm106http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcm106http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203725http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203725http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203725http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203725http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203725http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203725http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcm106http://radiopaedia.org/articles/viking-helmet-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dysgenesis-of-the-corpus-callosumhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/docskalski


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From the case: Corpus callosum agenesis illustrations

Modality: Diagram
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosum-agenesis-illustrationshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosum-agenesis-illustrationshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosum-agenesis-illustrationshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosum-agenesis-illustrations


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From the case: Corpus callosal lipoma - tubulonodular variety

Modality: Annotated image
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosal-lipoma-tubulonodular-variety-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosal-lipoma-tubulonodular-variety-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosal-lipoma-tubulonodular-variety-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosal-lipoma-tubulonodular-variety-1


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From the

case: Corpus callosum dysgenesis

Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosum-dysgenesishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosum-dysgenesishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosum-dysgenesishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/corpus-callosum-dysgenesis


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From the case: Agenesis of the corpus callosum

Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/agenesis-of-the-corpus-callosum-5http://radiopaedia.org/cases/agenesis-of-the-corpus-callosum-5http://radiopaedia.org/cases/agenesis-of-the-corpus-callosum-5http://radiopaedia.org/cases/agenesis-of-the-corpus-callosum-5


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Snake eyes - facial nerveDr Henry Knipe et al.

On coronal cross-sectional imaging the facial nerve within its canal in the petrous temporal boneclassically takes on a " snake eyes " appearance as the tympanic segment doubles back next to thelabyrinthine segment adjacent to the cochlea. Anteriorly, these two segments converge at thegeniculate ganglion .

"Snake eyes " refers to the appearance of dice when two "ones" or "pips" are rolled (see picture).

References

1. May M. The facial nerve. Thieme. ISBN:0865778213. Read it at Google Books - Find it atAmazon

2. Swartz JD & Loevner LA. Imaging of the temporal bone. Thieme Medical Publishers.ISBN:1588906493. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
http://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/geniculate-ganglionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/geniculate-ganglionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_eyeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_eyeshttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0865778213http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0865778213http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0865778213http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0865778213http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0865778213http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0865778213http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0865778213http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1588906493http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1588906493http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1588906493http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1588906493http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1588906493http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1588906493http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1588906493http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1588906493http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0865778213http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0865778213http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0865778213http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_eyeshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/geniculate-ganglionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipe


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From the case: Snake eyes - facial nerve

Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-facial-nerve


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From the case: Snake eyes - facial nerve

Modality: Annotated image
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-facial-nervehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-facial-nerve


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From the case: Snake eyes - dice (creative commons photo)

Modality: Photo
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-dice-creative-commons-photohttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-dice-creative-commons-photohttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-dice-creative-commons-photohttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/snake-eyes-dice-creative-commons-photo


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Dural tail signDr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al.

The dural tail sign occurs as a result of thickening of the dura and, in the majority of cases, isassociated with meningioma f ormation. It was initially thought to result from direct invasion ofthe dura, however subsequent studies demonstrated it to be more a reactive process. Asexperience grew, it became increasingly noted to be present in other conditions, although without

the same regularity. meningioma : ~65% (range 60-72%) have a tail pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)

It has also been reported with

chloroma dural plasmacytoma primary CNS lymphoma sarcoidosis vestibular schwannoma metastatic tumours syphilitic gumma medulloblastoma desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma
http://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dura-materhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dura-materhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dura-materhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pleomorphic-xanthoastrocytomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pleomorphic-xanthoastrocytomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/chloromahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/chloromahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=dural-plasmacytomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=dural-plasmacytomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/primary-cns-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/primary-cns-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sarcoidosis-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/sarcoidosis-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/vestibular-schwannomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/vestibular-schwannomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=syphilitic-gummahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=syphilitic-gummahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/medulloblastomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/medulloblastomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/desmoplastic-infantile-gangliogliomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/desmoplastic-infantile-gangliogliomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/desmoplastic-infantile-gangliogliomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/medulloblastomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=syphilitic-gummahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/vestibular-schwannomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sarcoidosis-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/primary-cns-lymphomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=dural-plasmacytomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/chloromahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pleomorphic-xanthoastrocytomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dura-materhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipe


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From the case: Illustration of a "dural tail" sign

Modality: Diagram
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/illustration-of-a-dural-tail-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/illustration-of-a-dural-tail-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/illustration-of-a-dural-tail-sign-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/illustration-of-a-dural-tail-sign-1


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From the case: Meningioma of the planum sphenoidale

Modality: MR
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-of-the-planum-sphenoidalehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-of-the-planum-sphenoidalehttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-of-the-planum-sphenoidale


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dural tail meningioma
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/dural_tailhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dural_tailhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningiomahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/dural_tail


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110

From the case: Meningioma with dural tail

Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-with-dural-tailhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-with-dural-tailhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-with-dural-tailhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-with-dural-tail


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111

rom the case: Meningioma - craniovertebral junction

Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-craniovertebral-junction-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-craniovertebral-junction-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-craniovertebral-junction-1http://radiopaedia.org/cases/meningioma-craniovertebral-junction-1


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radiological signs ( shënja radiologjike ) - 5

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