Patient: 5 year old, male, Labrador dog (31 kg)

Presenting complaint:•Anorexia and persistent vomition (greenish black) for last 6 days

Haematobiochemical profile: TLC - moderately elevated with neutrophilia

Radiograph

Hyperechoic surface of foreign body with high acoustic impedence

BILE REGURGITATION

•Endoscopic view

Stone (foreign body)

Reverse flow of bile

Severe gastritis

Jejunotomy

Diagnostic Imaging in Diagnostic Imaging in Vety PracticeVety Practice

Dr Adarsh KumarDr Adarsh KumarAssociate Professor ( Surgery and Radiology)Associate Professor ( Surgery and Radiology)

andand Visiting Professor, Tripoli University, LibyaVisiting Professor, Tripoli University, Libya

Lets talk about only two feasible modalities Lets talk about only two feasible modalities from point of view of application in Field.from point of view of application in Field.

1.1.RadiographyRadiography2.2.UltrasonogrphyUltrasonogrphy

Radiographic positioningRadiographic positioning

HUMERUS- LATERAL PROJECTION

CENTRAL RAY- THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE HUMERUS

RADIUS & ULNA - CRCD PROJECTION

CENTRAL RAY- THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE RADIUS AND ULNA

FEMUR- LATERAL PROJECTION

CENTRAL RAY- THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE FEMUR

ABDOMEN- LATERAL PROJECTION

CENTRAL RAY- THROUGH THE CENTER OF L3

CHEST- LATERAL PROJECTION

CENTRAL RAY- THROUGH THE 6TH RIB

CHEST- VENTRODORSAL PROJECTION

CENTRAL RAY- THROUGH THE 6TH RIB

INTERPRETATION OF INTERPRETATION OF RADIOGRAPHSRADIOGRAPHS

Five Radiographic OpacitiesFive Radiographic Opacities

AirAir Fat Fat Soft tissue Soft tissue bone bone metalmetal

least opaque to most opaquemost lucent to least lucentBlack to White

Air Fat Soft Tissue Bone Surgical PinAir Fat Soft Tissue Bone Surgical PinRadiolucent <–––––––––––––––––––––––––RadiopaqueRadiolucent <–––––––––––––––––––––––––Radiopaque

Tissue/objectTissue/object

GasGas

FatFat

Soft tissue/fluidSoft tissue/fluid

BoneBone

Metal (lead)Metal (lead)

RELATIVE RADIODENSITIES

Object and its posit ion relative to the fi lm and x-ray beam Object and its posit ion relative to the fi lm and x-ray beam

Metatarsal shaft

Radiographs of an ink bottle with applicator brush in two views perpendicular to one another

Unfamiliar image of a familiar objectUnfamiliar image of a familiar object

Unfamiliar image of a familiar objectUnfamiliar image of a familiar object

Anteroposterior and lateral views of a distal f ibular fracture. Anteroposterior and lateral views of a distal f ibular fracture.

in different position (A) flat, (B) oblique and (C) on its edge

Radiographic appearances of a coin

A B C

Radiologic interpretationRadiologic interpretation

► Viewing the radiographViewing the radiograph ► Three-dimensional conceptThree-dimensional concept

► Routine assessment of radiographsRoutine assessment of radiographs

► Every shadow visible must be evaluated Every shadow visible must be evaluated

Description of radiologic Description of radiologic abnormalit ies abnormalit ies (roentgen signs)(roentgen signs)► Changes in size of an organ or structureChanges in size of an organ or structure ► Variation in contour or shapeVariation in contour or shape ► Variation in number of organsVariation in number of organs ► Change in position of an organ or structureChange in position of an organ or structure ► Alteration in opacity of an organ or structureAlteration in opacity of an organ or structure ► Alteration in the architectural pattern of an organ Alteration in the architectural pattern of an organ

or structureor structure ► Alteration in the normal function of an organAlteration in the normal function of an organ

Normal ThoraxNormal Thorax

Lt. atrium

aorta

Cran. VCRt. ventricle Left Venticle

Trachea Diaphragm

CVC

lungs

lungs

CARDIAC ENLARGEMENT ?CARDIAC ENLARGEMENT ?

VERTEBRAL HEART SCALE (VHS)VERTEBRAL HEART SCALE (VHS)Long axis=6V Short axis=5V Long axis=6V Short axis=5V

VHS=6+5=11VHS=6+5=11Normal Range = 9.5-11.0Normal Range = 9.5-11.0This size,11.0 vertebrae, was considered to be at the high end of This size,11.0 vertebrae, was considered to be at the high end of the normal range.the normal range.

Bronchial pulmonary pattern Bronchial pulmonary pattern Increased radiopacity centered around Increased radiopacity centered around bronchi ("donuts"). Prominent longitudinal bronchi ("donuts"). Prominent longitudinal peribronchial opacities. Pulmonary vessel peribronchial opacities. Pulmonary vessel margins indistinct.margins indistinct.Flattened diaphragm outline and increased Flattened diaphragm outline and increased distance between heart and diaphragm distance between heart and diaphragm denotes pulmonary hyperinflationdenotes pulmonary hyperinflation

METASTATIC PULMONARY DISEASEMETASTATIC PULMONARY DISEASE

FUNGAL INFECTIONSFUNGAL INFECTIONSThoracic blastomycosis, radiographic pattern, dogThoracic blastomycosis, radiographic pattern, dog

LYMPHOMALYMPHOMAThere is increased soft t issue opacity and widening of There is increased soft t issue opacity and widening of the cranial mediastinum. The trachea is elevated cranial the cranial mediastinum. The trachea is elevated cranial to the heart. There is also a broad-based soft t issue to the heart. There is also a broad-based soft t issue opacity dorsal to the second sternebra. There are opacity dorsal to the second sternebra. There are mult i focal, irregular mineral opacit ies throughout the mult i focal, irregular mineral opacit ies throughout the lung that represent pulmonary osteomas. lung that represent pulmonary osteomas.

L2

Normal Abdomen

stomach

diaphragm

Left lateral recumbent projection of abdomen

Left kidney

spleenliver

colon

Intestinal loops

bladder

Skin margin

L2

Impacted bowelImpacted bowel

AscitisAscit is

Bladder stonesBladder stones

RENAL RENAL ENLARGEMENTENLARGEMENT

Geriatric changesGeriatric changesspodylosis

Calcification of cartilages

Hepatization

lumbar2

spine

A ventrodorsal radiograph of a canine A ventrodorsal radiograph of a canine pelvis showing radiographically normal pelvis showing radiographically normal coxofemoral jointscoxofemoral joints

Dislocated hipDislocated hip

Arthrit ic spineArthrit ic spine

Hip Dysplasia

Hip Dysplasia and luxation

OSSIFYING FIBROMAOSSIFYING FIBROMA

Fibrous t issue invading the bony t issue giving rise to lysis

Metastasis in lungs

Sun burst appearanceSun burst appearanceOsteosarcomaOsteosarcoma

Stages of fracture repairStages of fracture repair

NON UNIONNON UNION