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  • 8/9/2019 Rahat Jabeen Article ILEC Nl59e_light

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    @s `oobuondl jo tmd prdvjbus twb jssudsbg tmjs odwscdttdr, Jt`cy wjcc fd mbst joitmd Gjgtddotm Ybrcl C`hd Nbogdrdond(YCN04), dotjtcdl C@HD^5 \md Kjrrbrs bgtmd D`rtm - F`c`onjoi Dnbsystdk Jotdirjty`ol Muk`o Ydccfdjoi, jo Qdruij` lurjoi^dptdkfdr 0-4, 610-Euod 610

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    \md Kdljtdrr`od`o ^d` w`s n`ccdlK`rd Obstr uk(Bur ^d`) fy tmd BclVbk`os fdn`usd tmdjr dkpjrd w`s dotjrdcydkfr`njoi j ts f`sjo `ol j t w`s tmusnbosjldrdl ` lbkdstjn sd`. Kbrdbvdr,jt rdprdsdotdl `o d`sy ` ol qujnh w`ytb nboodnt `ol hddp uoldr nbotrbc tmdljggdrdot p`rts bg tmdjr v`st tdrr jtbry.

    Jolddl, tmd Kdljtdrr`od`o m`s cw ys fddo` w`tdr w`y nboodntjoi pdbpcd, nucturds,`ol o`turd. Lud tb ` qujtd uojgbrk ncjk`td(jt js nbosjldrdl ` fjbkd fy dn bcbijsts,j.d. tmd fjbspmdrd's k`ebr uojt, `nnbrljoitb tmd prdlbkj o`ot vdidt` t jbo), tmdc`ols surrbuoljoi jt `rd nm`r`ntdrjzdlfy ` v`rjdty bg bri`ojsks wjtm sjkjc`r`l`pt`tjbos tb tmjs dovjrbokdot. @ctmbuimnboodntjoi tmd c`ols, mbwdvdr, tmd sd``csb sdp`r`tds tmdk wmjnm `rd qujtdmdtdrbidodbus grbk ` idbir`pmjn`c pbjotbg vjdw. Bri`ojsks sprd`ljoi bvdr tmd

    Kdljtdrr`od`o ^d` n`o tmus rd`nm `rd`sscjimtcy ljggdrdot grbk d`nm btmdr rdi`rljoikjnrbncjk`tjn `ol tbpbir`pmjn`c gd`turds`ol ijvd rjsd tb odw spdnjds. \mjs js bodbg tmd rd`sbos wmy tmd Kdljtdrr`od`o^d` js `csb ` fjbljvdrsjty mbt-spbt. @srdi`rl tb grdsmw`tdr bri`ojsks, tmdjr`fjcjty tb ljspdrsd grbk bod sujt`fcdm`fjt`t tb `obtmdr js strboicy jkp`jrdlfy tmd rdc`tjvdcy cbw oukfdr bg tmdsdw`tdrfbljds m`fjt`ts `ol fy tmd ljst`ond`kboi tmdk. Jo g`n t , tmdsd k`y fdnbosjldrdl `s sk`cc jsc`ols sn`ttdrdl

    jo `o bnd`o bg c`o l . Odvdr tmdcdss ,fjbljvdrsjty bg grdsmw`tdr bri`ojsks jsmjim `rbuol tmd Kdljtdrr`od`o ^d` `olbocy p`rtj`ccy uor`vdccdl. @kboi btmdrs,jt ndrt`jocy ldpdols `csb bo tmd `fjcjtybg `qu`tjn bri`ojsks tb ljspdrsd tmrbuim

    ljggdrdot grdsmw`tdr dnbsystdks `ol fytmd grdqudony ` ol dxtdot wjtm wmjnmnbcbojz`tjbo dvdots k`y fd sunndssguc.

    @s ` grdsmw`tdr fjbcbijst, ky boibjoirdsd`rnm gbnusds bo tmd kdnm`ojskstmrbuim wmjnm `qu`tjn bri`ojsks ljspdrsd`ol wm`t `rd dovjrbokdot`c n boljtjbos

    g`vbrjoi sunndssguc nbcbojz `tjbo. \blb tmjs bur rdsd`rnm irbup js stulyjoitdkpbr`ry pbols8 tmdsd dnbsystdks `rdwjldsprd`l jo tmd Kdljtdrr`od`o `rd``ol `rd nm`r`ntdrjzdl fy `o `qu`t jnpm`sd wmjnm `ctdro`tds wjtm ` lry pm`sd.@qu`tjn bri`ojsks (d.i. `ci`d, pc`ots,`o l j ovdr tdf r ` tds) jom`f j t jo i tmdsddovjrbokdots m`vd ldvdcbpdl spdnj`c`l`pt`tjbos tb survjvd tmd lry pm`sd,wmjnm nbosjst jo tmd prbluntjbo bg rdstjoist`ids. \mdsd ` rd gbrk bg rdsjst`ond,idodr`ccy nbjonjljoi wjtm rdprbluntjvd

    strunturds (cj hd sddls), lurjoi wmjnm tmdndccuc`r `ntjvjty js suspdoldl (fut tmdndccs `rd stjcc `cjvd), `ccbwjoi tmd `qu`tjnbri`ojsks tb bvdrnbkd tmd lry pdrjbl.\mdsd rdstjoi st`ids k`y fd ljspdrsdlfy wjol, kjir`tjoi `qu`tjn fjrls `olbtmdr `ojk`cs lrjohjoi tmd w`tdr `oltr`ospbrtjoi tmd kul nbot`jojoi tmdk grbkbod pbol tb `obtmdr, `ol, jo tmd c`st gdwkjccdooj`, fy muk`o `ntjvjtjds. Bod bg tmdk`jo rdsucts `nmjdvdl fy stulyjoi tmdsddnbsystdks `ol tmdjr fjbt`, `csb fy usjoikbcdnuc`r tbbcs, js tm`t tmd dggdntjvdodss

    bg ljspdrs`c `ol nbcbojz`tjbo strboicyldpdols bo tmd oukfdr bg sujt`fcd `qu`tjndnbsystdks bo i jvdo tdrrjtbry. \md mjimdrtmd ldosjty bg tmdsd dovjrbokdots js, tmdmjimdr tmd nm`ond gbr tmd bri`ojsks tbljspdrsd `ol gbrk odw st`fcd pbpuc`tjbos

    n`o fd. Kbrdbvdr, tmd dggdntjvdodssbg ljspdrs`c `ol nbcbojz`tjbo dvdotsstrboicy ldtdrkjods tmd cbn`c `ol rdijbo`cfjbljvdrsjty `ol rdlunds tmd rjsh bg cbn`cdxtjontjbo.

    Kdljtdrr`od`o tdkpbr`ry pbols `rd`ggdntdl fy `cc tmd ljsd`sds nbkkbo tb

    `qu`tjn dnbsystdks, dutrbpmjn`tjbo, `olljrdnt ldstruntjbo fdjoi tmd k`jo tm rd`t.Nbuotdr`ntjoi tmdsd tmrd`ts `ol prbtdntjoitmdsd dovjrbokdots `rd bg p`r` kbuotjkpbrt`ond tb prdsdrvd tmd rjnm fjbljvdrsjtyjo tmd Kdljtdrr`od`o rdijbo.

    \md Jotdir`tdl C`hd F`sjo K`o`idkdot(JCFK) ldvdcbpdl fy JCDN bggdrs ibblnbondptu`c gr`kdwbrh tb prbtdnt tmdsddovjrbokdots. @s tmd Kdljtdrr`od`o^d`, tmd ^jx Qjcc`rs bg JCFK `ttdkpttb nboodnt p dbpcd, nucturds, `ol o`turd.

    Jo `lljtjbo, sk`cc w`tdr fbljds smbuclfd nbosjldrdl str`osfbuol`rysjondtmdjr fjbt` kbvd grbk bod tb `obtmdrjrrdspdntjvdcy bg fbuol`ry cjkjts jkpbsdlfy muk`os. Togbrtuo`tdcy, tmdsd nbondpts,`ctmbuim sunndssguccy `ppcjdl jo sdvdr`cp`rts bg tmd wbrcl, `rd obt wjldsprd`l joDurbpd. \md jonbkjoi Gjgtddotm YbrclC`hd Nbogdrdond (YC N04) jo Qdruij`,Jt`cy wjtm sdssjbos ldljn`tdl tb tmd JCFK`ol jts Qjcc`rs, wjcc mbpdguccy bpdo `ljsnussjbo `kboi Durbpd`o rdsd`rnmdrs`fbut tmd dggdntjvdodss bg tmdsd `pprb`nmds.

    Kbrdbvdr, tmd \r`osfbuol`ry Y`tdrs@ssdsskdot Qrbir`kkd (\Y@Q) boc`hds n`rr jdl but fy JCDN k`y bggdr tmdpbssjfjcjty bg odw `ol kbrd nbbpdr`tjvdjotdribvdrokdot`c irddkdots tb prbtdnt(Kdljtdrr`od`o) grdsmw`tdr dnbsystdks.

    Nboodntjoi Dnbsystdks, Nboodntjoi Qdbpcd5 @ w`y tb prdsdrvd grdsmw`tdr fjbljvdrsjty.

    @ Cdttdr grbk ^njdotjffn Nbkkjttdd

    Cujij O`sdccj-Gcbrds (Jt`cy)

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    \md Jotdir`tdl C`hd F`sjo K`o`idkdot

    (JCFK) `ol jts Qc`tgbrk Qrbndss `rd

    fdjoi prbkbtdl `rbuol tmd wbrcl (Gjiurd

    0.). @s ` sdqudc tb tmd `r tjncds grbk tmd

    prdvjbus Odwscdttdrs (Ob. 47, 49 `ol 4=)

    wmjnm nbvdrdl JCFK-f`sdl `ntjvjtjds jo

    @sj` `ol D`st @grjn`, tmjs jssud jotrblunds

    Cdrk`-Nm`p`c`-^`otj`ib f`sjo jo Kdxjnb.

    JCFK Qc`tgrbk Qrbndss Dvbcvjoi jo

    Kdxjnb

    C`hd Nm`p`c` js tmd c`ridst o`tur`c

    c`hd jo Kdxjnb, gbrkjoi p`rt bg tmd

    Cdrk`-Nm`p`c`-^`otj`ib f`sjo. \md c`hd

    jtsdcg nbvdrs ` surg`nd bg 0,006 hk `ol

    prbvjlds ` wmbcd sdt bg dnbsystdk sdrvjnds,

    jonculjoi gjsmdrjds, jrrji`tjbo `ol w`tdr

    gbr muk`o nbosukptjbo, prbvjljoi cjqujl

    tb 4 kjccjbo pdbpcd. F`nh jo 6117, `o

    dxpdrt wbrhsmbp w`s bri`ojzdl tb ldgjod

    Cjods bg @ntjbo gbr tmd Cdrk`-Nm`p`c`

    f`sjo (tmd uppdr pbrtjbo bg tmd systdk,

    wjtm 4,>4:0.> hk) tb `nmjdvd jts prbpdrk`o`idkdot. @o jostjtutd bg dovjrbokdot`c

    ldvdcbpkdot , Nbr`zbo ld c ` \ jd r r `

    bri`ojzdl tm`t `ntjvjty `cboi wjtm ` oukfdr

    bg ibvdrokdot `ol `n`ldkjn jostjtutjbos.

    F`sdl bo wbrhsmbp's nboncusjbos `ol

    uoldrst`oljoi tm`t cboi-tdrk nbkkjtkdot

    w`s oddldl jo brldr tb sbcvd f`sjo's

    nbkpcdx prbfcdks, `o JCFK tr`jojoi

    wbrhsmbp w`s mdcl jo 611= tb g`kjc j`rjzdrdsd`rnmdrs, OIBs `ol ibvdrokdot

    bggjndrs wjtm tmd JCFK pc`tgbrk prbndss.

    @ wbrh jo i i r bup w` s d s t ` f c j smd l

    tmdrd `ol tmd kdkfdrs nbkkjttdl tb

    `nnbkpcjsm ` sdrjds bg spdnjgjn prbednts

    bg dovjrbokdot`c dlun`tjbo, rdsd`rnm

    `ol pufcjn nbkkuojn`tjbo jo ` twb-yd`r

    pdrjbl, wmjnm wdrd `ckbst gucgjccdl (:1%)

    jo tmd `gbrd-kdotjbodl tjkd.

    \ m d J C F K s p r d ` l ` s `

    pr`ntjn`c-nbondptu`c pc`tgbrk, usdguc

    tb cjoh dnbsystdk k`o`idkdot wjtm

    ibvdro`ond `s ` hdy jssud grbk 611: tb

    6106 tmrbuim ` sdrjds bg wbrhsmbps `ol

    gbruks jo tmd Cdrk`-Nm`p`c` f`sjo, wmjnm

    jovbcvdl 49 prjv`td `ol pufcjn jostjtutjbos,

    \mjs dxpdr jdond rdndjvdl gddl f `nh

    grbk tmd JCFK-Ibvdro`ond prbednt (`ojotdro`tjbo`c dggbrt cdl fy JCDN) jo wmjnm

    tmd Cdrk`-Nm`p`c` n`sd w`s jonculdl `s `

    smbwn`sd, sm`rjoi dxpdrjdonds wjtm c`hds

    bg 06 nbuotrjds.

    ^dvd r ` c p r bedn t s wdrd l d s j i od l ,

    guold l `o l ldvdcbpdl uoldr JCFK

    prjonjpcds, mjimcjimtjoi tmrdd bg tmdk5 0)

    @ kdtmblbcbiy tb pr`ntjn`ccy `ssdss sjxpjcc`rs bg ibvdro`ond jo tmd Cdrk`-Nm`p`c`

    w`tdrsmdl5 tmjs w`s `pppcjdl jo tmrdd

    suf-f`sjos tb ldvdcbp `ntjbo pc`os tb

    jkprbvd tmd cbw-r` td l ibvdro`ond

    joljn`tbrs8 6) @ tmrdd-yd`rs rdsd`rnm

    tb kd`surd tmd vbcukd bg sbjc cbss jo

    brjijo `rd`s `ol `irjnuctur`c ruo-bgg5 tmjs

    idodr`tdl `o upl`tdl IJ^, ` ^Y@\ kbldc,

    ` cjst bg pdstjnjlds usdl jo tmd `rd`, ` sbnj`c

    nm`r`ntdrjz`tjbo bg g`rkdrs `ol, prbf`fcy

    tmd kbst jotdrdstjoi, ` Kuctjst`hdmbcldr

    Qc`tgbrk `s ` str`tdiy tb g`nd ` vdry

    nbkpcdx sjtu`tjbo ol jkpcdkdot sbcutjbos

    jo ` nbcc`fbr`tjvd w`y8 `ol >) \md C`hd

    Nm`p`c` Fjrls Gdstjv`c5 tmjs js bri`ojzdl

    `ou`ccy sjond 6101 tb r`jsd `w`rdodss `fbut

    c`hd's rjnm fjbljvdrsjty tmrbuim nuctur`c `ol

    `n`ldkjn `ntjvjtjds.

    Gjo`ccy, `gtdr ` cboi p`rt jnjp`t jvd

    prbndss, tmd Cdrk`-Nm`p`c` ^uf-f`sjo

    Odtwbrh w`s gbrk`ccy nrd`tdl jo 6106 `ol

    js nurrdotcy strunturjoi ` vjrtu`c pc`tgbrk

    tb jkprbvd nbkkuojn`tjbo `ol tr`jojoi

    `kboi jts kdkfdrs p`r tjnjp`tjoi `ntjvdcy

    jo f`sjo-rdc`tdl jssuds, sunm `s k`o`idkdot

    rdsd`rnm, tr`jojoi, dlun`tjbo, dogbrndkdot

    `ol btmdrs jo ` v`rjdl irbup bg jostjtutjbos.\mdrd js nbogjldond `ol nbkkjtkdot

    tb nbotjoud tb `ppcy JCFK `s ` pbwdrguc

    tbbc jo tmd dggbrts tb ` nmjdvd sust`jo`fcd

    k`o`idkdot bg C`hd Nm`p`c`, `o `onjdot

    c`hd wmjnm gbrks p`rt bg ` kuctj-usdl

    w`tdrsmdl tm`t prbvjlds o jkpbrt`ot sm`rd

    bg gbrdstry, `ir jnuctur`c `ol jolustrj`c

    `ntjvjtjds bg Kdxjnb.

    JCFK Qc`tgbrk Qrbndss js Irbwjoi Q`rt JW

    Gjiurd 0. Cbn`tjbos bg JCFK N`sd tuljds

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    1s fy nbovdrtjoi tmd c`ibbo jotb ` w`tdrstbr`id rdsdrvbjr tb kddt obo-`irjnuctur`cldk`ol gbr w`tdr gbr H`r`nmj. \md c`hd jsk`o`idl fy twb ldp`rtkdots - tmd ^jolmYjclcjgd Ldp`rtkdot `ol H`r`nmj Y`tdr`ol dwdr`id Fb`rl (HY&^F).

    C`hd M`cdej, m`vjoi ` tbt`c `rd` bg 0,91, 0:99. Jt js cbn`tdl 04hk wdst-obrtmwdstbg \m`tt`, `ol 94hk d`st bg H`r`nmj.Jt w`s gbrkdl fy fuoljoi bg ` o`tu r`cldprdssjbo. \md k`xjkuk ldptm js 7-=k,`ol w`tdr cdvdcs gcuntu`td wjtm 0-0.4k. \mdw`tdr s`cjojty `t surg`nd js 1.04 Qr`ntjn`c^`cjojty Tojt (Q^T). \md fuols doncbsjoitmd c`hd n`rry ` rb`l cjodl wjtm trdds `olsmrufs. Fdybol tmd fuol tmdrd js ` sdrjds

    bg fr`nhjsm sddp`id c`ibbos-brjijo`ccyfbrrbw-pjts grbk n rd`tjoi tmd fuols.\mdsd `rd suppcjdl fy kbosbbo r` jos,`ol w`tdr ljsnm`ridl grbk tmd k`jo c`hdfy ` fyp`ss rdiuc`tbr. \md ncjk`td js lr y,suf-trbpjn`c kbosbbo`c, wjtm vdry mbtsukkdrs `ol nbbc wjotdrs. \md c`hd sdrvds`s `o jkpbrt`ot rdsdrvbjr gbr gcbbl nbotrbc.

    Jt js ` wjotdrjoi sjtd gbr tmd icbf` ccytmrd`tdodl pdcjn`o Qdcdn`ous nrjspus . \mjsc`hd rdiuc`rcy mbsts fdtwddo 41,111 `ol011,111 fjrls. Jt js dspdnj`ccy jkpbrt`otgbr st`ijoi `ol p`ssjoi @o`tjl`d `ol nbbt

    Gucjn` `tr` , `ol gbr frddljoi @rl djl `d .Jo idodr`c, tmd `rd` js bg jotdro`tjbo`cjkpbrt`ond gbr frddljoi, p`ss`id `olwjotdrjoi w`tdrfjrls.

    \md c`hd suppbrts `fuol`ot `qu`tjnvdidt`tjbo, jonculjoi dxtdosjvd fdls bgQmr`ikjtds h`rh` , \ypm` `oiust`t` ,

    Jpbkbd ` `qu` tjn ` , Nypdrus sp ., ^njrpuscj t tbr`cjs `ol Qbcyibouk f`rf` tuk .^ u f k d r i d l v d i d t ` t j b o j o n c u l d sQbt`kbidtbo pdntjo`tus , Q. pdrgbcj`tus ,Q. cundos, W`ccjsodrj` spjr`cjs , Myl rjcc`

    v d r t j n u c ` t ` , O ` e ` s k j o b r , C d k o `kjobr , Ndr`tbpmyccuk ldkdrsuk `ol

    Kyrjbpmyccuk spjn`tuk . Euonus k`rjtjkusi rbws ` rbuol tmd f r `nhjsm sd dp` idc`ibbos. Fji trdds sunm `s @n`nj` sp ., Gjnussp. `ol N`su`rjo` sp . m`vd fddo pc`otdl botmd fuols rbuol tmd c`hd.

    C`hd M`cdej js `o jkpbrt`ot frddljoi` r d ` g b r w ` t d r f j r l s , j o p ` r t j n u c ` r

    @rldjl`d , Odtt`pus nbrbk` oldcjus, @o`s pbdnjcbrmyonm` , Qbrpmyrjb pbrpmyrjb , `ol

    Mylrbpm` sj `o us nmjrurius . \mbus`olsbg ojimt-mdrbos Oyntjnbr`x oyntjnbr`xrbbst jo tmd k`rsmds. Yjotdrjoi w`tdrgbwcjonculd Qdcdn`ous nrjspus , @o`s pdodcbpd`ol Gucjn` `tr` . \md s`ontu`ry js `csb rjnmjo r`ptbrs ol gjsm, ol jt suppbrts sk`ccpbpuc`tjbo bg k`rsm nrbnbljcd Nrbnblycus

    p`cus tr js . 6>6 spdnjds bg fjrls m`s fddordnbrldl grbk tmd c`hd.

    \md c`hd m`s sdt wjtm tmrdd jsc`ols. Bodbg tmdk js hobwo `s Qdcjn`o Jsc`ol `ol`obtmdr Nbrkbr`ot Jsc`ol. Bo fbtm tmdjsc`ols muolrdls bg tmdsd fjrls n`o fd sddo

    odstjoi `ol suoojoi.\ m d N b r k b r ` o t s , `nbkkbo s j imt ` t `ccwdtc`ols, cjvd tmd yd`rrbuol `t tmd M`cdej. Botmd Nbrkbr`ot Jsc`oltmdy nbucl fd sddo jovd ry c ` r i d ouk fd r srds t jo i `o l suoojo iwjtm tmdjr vdry c`rid

    wjois sprd`l wjld `oltmd cboi odnhs mdclmjim jo tmd `jr. \mdyc jvd dxncus jvdcy bo

    gjsm, wmjnm tmdy nm`sd `ol n`tnm uoldrw`tdr, fdjoi dxpdrt ljvdrs `ol sufk`rjodswjkkdrs.

    K`rsm nrbnbljcds wdrd `csb jotrblundljotb tmd c`hd `ol tmdy m`vd k`ld `o jsc`ol`s tmdjr pdrk`odot rdsjldond. \md jsc`olw`s o`kdl `gtdr tmdk `s tmd NrbnbljcdJsc`ol. \mdy sufsjst bo gjsm `ol w`tdrgbwcjo tmd c`hd.

    Vdnrd`tjbo`c `ntjvjtjds jonculd `oicjoi bggjsm, fjrl w`tnmjoi ol c`hd sjld pjnojnjoi.\md sjtd js `csb jkpbrt`ot gbr nbosdrv`tjbo

    dlun`tjbo, wjtm jts jogbrk`tjbo ndotrdwjtm `o bfsdrv`tjbo tbwdr. Qrbxjkjtytb H`r`nmj ` ggbrls dxndccdot pbtdotj`cgbr nbosdrv`tjbo-f`sdl rdnrd`tjbo `oldlun`tjbo.

    \md cbn`c nbkkuojty cjvjoi `rbuol tmdc`hd ljrdntcy utjcjzds tmd c`hd rdsburnds,j.d., tmd w`tdr bg tmd c`hd gbr lrjohjoi `ollbkdstjn purpbsds. \md cbn`c vjcc`idrs`csb lb gjsmjoi `t tmd c`hd gbr tmdjr gbblnbosukptjbo. \md f`oh bg c`hd js usdl fy

    cbn`c gdk`cds tb w`sm ncbtmds. Wjcc`idrsnbccdnt tmd rddls grbk tmd c`hd gbr k`oypurpbsds cjhd rbbg tm`tnmjoi, f`shdtsk`hjoi, frbbk k`hjoi ol sk`cc fb`ts gbrgjsmjoi jo tmd c`hd. Cbn`c fbys nbccdnt tmdgcbwdrs `ol sddls bg tmd cbtus gbr sdccjoi tbtmd vjsjtbrs `ol `t tmd cbn`c k`rhdts. \mdrbbts bg tmd cbtus `rd usdl `s tmd tr`l jtjbo`cgbbl jo tmd jotdrjbr bg ^jolm.

    \md gbccbwjoi k`o`idkdot jssuds `tC`hd M`cdej wmjnm wdrd jldotjgjdl jotmd C`hd M`cdej K`o`idkdot ^tr`tdiyldvdcbpdl fy ^jolm Yjclcjgd Ldp`rtkdotjo 6119 jonculd Mylrbcbiy `ol Y`tdrK`o`idkdot, Fjbljvdrsjty Nbosdrv`tjbo& K ` o ` i d k d o t , ` o l N b k k u o j t yQ`rtjnjp`tjbo & N`p`njty Fujcljoi `olDlun`tjbo & @w`rdodss.

    @s bg obw tmd JCFK `ntjvjtjds `rd obtgbrk`ccy jojtj`tdl fut tmd wbrh m`s fddolbod ydt m`s fddo `llrdssdl tmd sjx pjcc`rsbg JCFK, j.d., Q`rtjnjp`tjbo, Jostjtutjbos,Qbcjnjds, \dnmobcbiy, Jo gbrk`tjbo, ol

    Gjo`ond. Jo tmd guturd jt js rdnbkkdoldltm`t ` gucc JCFK jojtj`tjvd fd jo pc`nd gbrtmjs jkpbrt`ot c`hd bg Q`hjst`o.

    C`hds bg tmd YbrclC`hd M`cdej (^jolm, Q`hjst`o)

    V`m`t E`fddo

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    \`fcd bg Nbotdots

    \`fcd bg Nbotdots

    ^njdotjgjn Eburo`c bg JCDNC`hds & Vdsdrvbjrs5 Vdsd`rnm `ol K`o`idkdot

    04tm Ybrcl Chd Nbogdrdond bo tmd Mbrjzbo (p. 6:9)

    Dutrbpmjn`tjbo `s wjnhdlprbfcdk (pp. 6:=->07)

    ^p`tjb-tdkpbr`c v`rj`tjbos jo tmd trbpmjn st`tus bg C`hd O`jv`sm`, Hdoy`(pp.>09->6=)

    Nbkp`r`tjvd sp`tj`c kdt`c nbondotr`tjbo `ol p`rtjtjbojoi jo fbttbksdljkdots bg twb trbpjn`c grdsmw`tdr c`hd f`sjos, Hdoy` (pp.>6:->44)

    Cjkobcbijn`c nm`r`ntdrjz`tjbo bg jotdrluod pbols bg Nurupu Jsc`ol,V`pbs` - K@, Fr`zjc (pp. >47->74)

    Qrdljntjbo bg sdljkdot jostbws tb @oidrdf l`k rdsdrvbjr usjoi tmd^VM-0L sdljkdot tr`ospbrt kbldc (pp. >77->90)

    Vdvjdwdr ukk`ry gbr C`hds & Vdsdrvbjrs5 Vdsd`rnm ol K`o`idkdot

    (p. >96)04tm Ybrcl C`hd Nbogdrdond Gjrst @oobuondkdot - C`hds5 \md Kjrrbr bgtmd D`rtm (pp. >9>->9=)

    ^tbnhjoi wjcl `luct Gcbrjl` c`ridkbutm f`ss ( Kjnrb ptdrus s` ck bj lds gcbrj l`ous)5 @o `lljtjbo`c ffsm k`o`idkdot tbbc (pp. 6>:-6

  • 8/9/2019 Rahat Jabeen Article ILEC Nl59e_light

    6/8

    7

    Lr. ^bojohmjsmji Odriuj

    \ m d Y` t d r N j r n u c ` t j b o F ` s j n@nt`jkjoi `t prdsdrv`tjbo `ol njrnuc`tjbobg w`tdr rdsburnds w`s uo`ojkbuscy`pprbvdl `t tmd Cbwdr Mbusd pcdo`ry

    sdssjbo bo K`rnm 69, 610

  • 8/9/2019 Rahat Jabeen Article ILEC Nl59e_light

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    9

    610>

    Bntbfdr > Ljrdntbr Idodr`c M`k`o`h` rdndjvds tmd EJN@

    Vdnbiojtjbo @w`rl

    < Fb`rl kdkfdrs bg tmd E`p`o Dovjrbokdot`c \dnmobcbiy

    @ssbnj`tjbo vjsjt JCDN

    6< Q`rtjnjp`tjbo `t Fjw`hb Fusjodss Kdssd (O`i`m`k`)6=-6: Qbstdr prdsdot`tjbo `ol p`rtjnjp`tjbo jo tmd Hybtb Tojvdrsjty

    @sj`o Nbrd Qrbir`k ^ykpbsjuk (Tej)

    6:->0 K`c`ysj`o rdsd`rnmdrs vjsjt Md`rtw`rd prbednt n`sds jo tmd

    C`hd Fjw` f`sjo (Kbrjy`k` ol Hus`tsu /Jo Nbcc`fbr`tjbo wjtm

    ^mji` Tojvdrsjty) QJN

    >1 Q`rtjnjp`tjbo jo Obrtm @kdrjn`o C`hd K`o`idkdot ^bnjdty

    610> - @oou`c Kddtjoi (- Obv. >, `o Ljdib)

    Obvdkfdr 7 Ldcdi`tds grbk H`z`o Gdldr`c Tojvdrsjty, Vussj`,

    vjsjt JCDN

    9 Ldcdi`tds grbk Kjojstry bg @irjnucturd `ol Jrrji`tjbo, Ky`ok`r,

    vjsjt JCDN

    0>-0< Ldcdi`tds grbk Muo`o Qrbvjond, Nmjo`, vjsjt JCDN s p`rt bg

    ` EJN@ tr`jojoi prbir`k

    61 YCN04 0st Lbkdstjn Nbkkjttdd Kddtjoi (Btsu)

    Ldndkfdr >-4 \Y@Q Ndotr`c @kdrjn` Dxpdrt Irbup Kddtjoi

    (I`r`l`e`r`)

    :-00 \Y@Q butm @kdrjn` Dxpdrt Irbup Kddtjoi (Vjb ld E`odjrb)

    09 Ldcdi`tds grbk Wjdto`k O`tjbo`c Tojvdrsjty, M`obj, vjsjt JCDN

    0: Ldputy K`ybr bg tmd \ jo`o Njty Ibvdrokdot vjsjts JCDN

    6101, \bhyb)

    K`y 69 YCN04 6ol Lbkdstjn Nbkkjttdd Kddtjoi (Btsu)

    Euod 6 JCFK Ybrhsmbp (Fbibr / Jo nbcc`fbr`tjbo wjtm tmd

    Jolbodsj`o Jostjtutd bg ^njdonds)

    ) QJN

    07-0= \Y@Q Ydst @grjn` Dxpdrt Irbup Kddtjoi (@nnr`)

    6>-64 \Y@Q Ydst @sj`-D`st Durbpd Dxpdrt Irbup Kddtjoi

    (Jst`ofuc)

    69-6: YCN04 Qrdp`r`tbry Kddtjoi (Qdruij`)

    QJN QJN

    QJN QJN QJN

    Bvdrvjdw bg JCDN @ntjvjtjds (Bntbfdr 610> - Euod 610

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    =

    \md Gjgtddotm Ybrcl C`hd Nbogdrdond(YCN04) bg 610< wjcc s bbo nbkkdondtmjs nbkjoi ^dptdkfdr 0-4. @ twdotykjoutd lrjvd butsjld bg tmd nbogdrdond

    vdoud njty bg Qdruij`, tmdrd cjds C`hd\r`sjkdob (QJN tb ). Furjdl jo tmdstr`t` surrbuoljoi tmd c`hd (QJN ) `rdtmd sjios rdtdccjoi tmd stbry bg tmd c` hdsgbrk`tjbo. Gbrkdrcy ` sd` sbkd twdotykjccjbo yd`rs `ib, tmd `rd` dvdotu`ccyl r j d l u p ` o l b v d r t j k d r ` j o w ` t d r

    `nnukuc`tjbo gbrkdl tmd prdsdot tdntbojnc`hd, wmjnm m`s ` surg`nd `rd` bg 06=hk 6

    `ol `o `vdr`id ldptm bg `pprbx.