rahul original pro.123
TRANSCRIPT
A Study on Green Marketing Opportunities and Challenges
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
“A STUDY ON GREEN MARKETING: OPPRTUNITIES AND
CHALLENGES”
Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Award of the Degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
OF
BANGALORE UNIVERSITY
By
RAHUL KUMAR SHUKLA
Reg. NO: 14P6CMD109
Under the guidance of
MR. R. VENKATESH
ASSISTANT PROFFESOR CIMS
COMMUNITY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
STUDIES
BANGALORE UNIVERSITY
2015-2016
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DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT
I hereby declare that “GREEN MARKETING: OPPORTUNITIES
AND CHALLENGES” is the result of the project work carried out
by me under the guidance of ASSISTANT PROFFESOR MR. R.
VENKATESH in partial fulfillment for the award of Master’s
Degree in Business Administration by Bangalore University.
I also declare that this project is the outcome of my own efforts
and that it has not been submitted to any other University or
Institute for the award of any other degree or Diploma or
Certificate.
Place: Bangalore Name: Rahul Kumar Shukla
Date: Register Number: 14P6CMD109
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GUIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Report title Submitted by
RAHUL KUMAR SHUKLA (14P6CMD109) to Bangalore University,
Bangalore for the award of degree of MASTER OF
BUSINESSADMINISTRATION is a record of work carried out under
my guidance.
Place: Bangalore
Date:
Signature
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Table of contents
Serial no. Description Page NO.
1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1-7
1.1 Green Marketing 1
1.2 Green products and its characteristics 1
1.3 Evolution of Green Marketing 2-4
1.4 Consumer behaviour towards Green
Marketing
4-5
1.5 Reason for Green Marketing 5
1.6 Current Scenario-India 5-7
2 Chapter 2 Research Design 8-12
2.1 Title of the study 8
2.2 Statement of the problem 8
2.3 Need of the study 9
2.4 Objectives of the study 9
2.5 Scope of the study 9-12
2.6 Limitations of the study 12
2.7 Methodology of the study 12
3 Chapter 3 Table, Graph and Inferences 13-33
3.1 The gender of the respondent 13
3.2 Age composition of respondent 14
3.3 Occupation of respondents 15
3.4 Sources of creating awareness about green
marketing
17
3.5 Awareness about green products 18
3.6 Participation in green marketing campaign 19
3.7 Product preference while selecting 20
3.8 Respondents assigning primary preference
Eco-Friendly product
21
3.9 Satisfaction level with quality and price of
green marketing products
22
3.10 How many will continue buy Eco-Friendly
products?
23-24
3.11 Does Green marketing and its sources of
advertising are good source of information
about products and services?
25
3.12 Is Green Marketing activities resulting
better product?
26-27
3.13 Why do companies opting green
marketing?
28
3.14 Do you think Green marketing helps
organization to build their image in the
mind of consumers?
29
3.15 Do you think companies that focus on
environment protection for those
persuading consumer is easy or not?
30
3.16 Green marketing includes 31
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3.17 Do you think green marketing helps to
grow healthy environment?
31
3.18 Do you think green marketing is protecting
environment give your opinion?
33
3.19 What are the target areas where should
green marketing promotion will more
effective?
4 Chapter 4 Findings, Suggestions and
Conclusion
34
4.1 Findings 34
4.2 Suggestions 35-37
4.3 Conclusion 38
5 Chapter 5 Learning Experience 39-
5.1 Learning Experience 39
5.2 Bibliography 40
5.3 Annexure 41
5.4 Detail of account work done
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 GREEN MARKETING
Meaning
According to American Marketing Association, Green marketing is the marketing
of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. ”A holistic and responsible
strategic management process that identifies, anticipates, satisfies and fulfils
stakeholder needs, for a reasonable reward, that does not adversely affect human or
natural environmental well-being.” The green marketing incorporates a broad range
of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, as
well as modifying advertising. Thus “Green marketing” refers to holistic marketing
concept wherein the production, marketing consumption and disposal of products
and services happen in a manner that is less detrimental to the environment with
growing awareness about the implications of global warming, non-biodegradable
solid waste, harmful impact of pollutants etc., both marketers and consumers are
becoming increasingly sensitive to the need to switch in to green products and
services.
1.2 Green products and Its Characteristics
The products those are manufactures through green technology and that caused
no environmental hazards are called green products. Promotion of green
technology and green products is necessary for conservation of natural resources
and sustainable development. We can define green products by following
measures:
Products those are originally grown, recyclable, reusable and biodegradable.
Products with natural ingredients, containing recycled contents, non-toxic
chemical and content under approved chemicals.
Products that do not harm or pollute the environment and that will not be
tested on animals.
Products that have eco-friendly packaging that is reusable, refillable
containers etc.
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1.3 Evolution of Green Marketing
As resources are scarce and human wants are unlimited, it is important for the
marketers to utilize the resources efficiently without waste as well as to achieve
the organization's objective. So green marketing is the need of the hour. There is
growing interest among the consumers over the globe regarding protection of
environment. Worldwide evidence indicates people are concerned about the
environment and are changing their behavior. As a result of this, green marketing
has emerged which speaks for growing market for sustainable and socially
responsible products and services.
The green marketing has evolved over a period of time. According to Peattie
(2001), the evolution of green marketing has three phases:
The first phase was known as "Ecological" green marketing, and during this
period all marketing activities were concerned to help environment problems
and provide remedies for environmental problems.
The second phase was "Environmental" green marketing and the focus shifted
on clean technology that involved designing of innovative new products,
which take care of pollution and waste issues.
The third phase was "Sustainable" green marketing. It came into prominence
in the late 1990s and early 2000. This was the result of the term sustainable
development which is defined as "meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
In common parlance a majority of people believe that green marketing refers
solely to the promotion or Advertising of products with environmental
characteristics. Terms like phosphate free, recyclable, refillable, ozone friendly,
and environmental friendly are some of the things consumers most often associate
with green marketing. While these terms are green marketing claims, in general
green marketing is a much broader concept, one that can be applied to consumer
goods, industrial goods and even services. For example, around the world there
are resorts that are beginning to promote themselves as "eco tourist" facilities,
i.e., facilities that "specialize" in experiencing nature or operating in a fashion
that minimizes their environmental impact.
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Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product
modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as well as
modifying advertising. Yet defining green marketing is not a simple task. Indeed
the terminology used in this area has varied, it includes: green marketing,
environmental marketing and ecological marketing. While green marketing came
into prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was first discussed much
earlier. The American Marketing Association (AMA) held the first workshop on
"Ecological Marketing" in 1975. The proceedings of this workshop resulted in
one of the first books on green marketing entitled "Ecological Marketing". Since
that time a number of other books on the topic have been published.
The AMA workshop attempted to bring together academics, practitioners, and
public policy makers to examine marketing's impact on the natural environment.
At this workshop ecological marketing was defined as: the study of the positive
and negative aspects of marketing activities on pollution, energy depletion and
no energy resource depletion.
This early definition has three key components that are:
1) It is a subset of the overall marketing activity.
2) It examines both the positive and negative activities.
3) A narrow range of environmental issues are examined.
While this definition is a useful starting point, to be comprehensive green
marketing needs to be more broadly defined. Before providing an alternative
definition it should be noted that no one definition or terminology has been
universally accepted. This lack of consistency is a large part of the problem, for
how can an issue be evaluated if all researchers have a different perception of
what they are researching. The following definition is much broader than those
of other researchers and it encompasses all major components of other
definitions. Definition is: “Green or Environmental Marketing consists of all
activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy
human needs or wants, such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occurs,
with minimal detrimental impact on the natural environment.
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This definition incorporates much of the traditional components of the marketing
definition that is "All activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges
intended to satisfy human needs or wants”. Therefore it ensures that the interests
of the organization and all its consumers are protected, as voluntary exchange
will not take place unless both the buyer and seller mutually benefit.
The above definition also includes the protection of the natural environment, by
attempting to minimize the detrimental impact this exchange has on the
environment. This second point is important, for human consumption by its very
nature is destructive to the natural environment. (To be accurate products making
green claims should state they are "less environmentally harmful" rather than
"Environmentally Friendly."). Thus green marketing should look at minimizing
environmental harm, not necessarily eliminating it. Many people believe that
green marketing refers solely to the promotion or advertising of products with
environmental characteristics especially in his buying decision. Green marketing
or environmental marketing refers to ecological products such as healthy food,
phosphate free, recyclable, refillable ozone friendly, and environment friendly.
There are some of the things consumers most often associate with green
marketing.
1.4 Consumer behavior towards green marketing
According to the American Marketing Association, green marketing is the
marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. Thus green
marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product
modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as well as
modifying advertising. Yet defining green marketing is not a simple task where
several meanings intersect and contradict each other; an example of this will be
the existence of varying social, environmental and retail definitions attached to
this term. Other similar terms used are Environmental Marketing and Ecological
Marketing. Green marketing refers to the process of selling products and/or
services based on their environmental benefits. Such a product or service may be
environmentally friendly in it or produced or packaged in an environmentally
friendly way.
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The obvious assumption of green marketing is that potential consumers will view
a product or service's "greenness" as a benefit and base their buying decision
accordingly. The not-so-obvious assumption of Green marketing is that
consumers will be willing to pay more for green products than they would for a
Less-green comparable alternative product - an assumption that, in my opinion,
has not been proven conclusively. While green marketing is growing greatly as
increasing numbers of consumers are willing to back their Environmental
consciousness’s with their rupees, it can be dangerous. The public tends to be
skeptical of Green claims to begin with and companies can seriously damage their
brands and their sales if a green claim Is discovered to be false or contradicted by
a company's other products or practices. Presenting a product or Service as green
when it's not is called green washing.
1.5 Reason for Green marketing
Generally, the following six reasons are cited for which a marketer should go for
the practice of green marketing:
1. Competitive advantage (perceived as a different and eco-friendly product
by the consumers)
2. Social ethics
3. Policy pressure from Government
4. Pressure from competitors
5. Cost advantage
6. Profitable venture
1.6 CURRENT SCENARIO-INDIA
Many analysts are predicting that 2011 will be a make-or-break-it year for many
green businesses as increasing competition in the green sector drives some
businesses to new heights of innovation and service while other businesses lag
behind. Trends may come and go, and of course, it is impossible for any green
business to stay on top of all of them, nor is it worthwhile to try. However, keeping
track of green business trends is a great way to ensure that your business stays fresh,
flexible, and creative in the face of new challenges and opportunities, the surest way
to green business success in 2011 and beyond.
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1.6(a) Consumers - As per research, India is the only country to choose
deforestation and air pollution as the most important green issue. India is the only
country in which more consumers say it should be developing countries that
should focus on green innovation versus developed countries. The results of the
recently released 2011 edition of the Global Image Power green Brands Survey
show that concern about the environment by the consumers, is translating into a
willingness to pay for a premium for green products. 64% of Indian consumers
indicate that they plan to spend more on green products next year. Furthermore
consistent with emerging countries, Indians are willing to pay a green premium
price, with 48% of Indians willing to spend 10% more on a product simply
because it is green. Consumers in India are trusting of green advertising compared
to other countries, with 86% of Indian consumers reporting that advertising about
green products help them in making choices. In India 28% of consumers intend
to purchase auto in the next year as compared to purchase of 16% in last year.
1.6(b) Producers – AMUL has been rated as the Top Indian Green Brand
by Global Green Brands survey. The International Dairy federation has also
awarded AMUL Green movement as the best Environment Initiative in the
Sustainability Category in 2010.It also has been awarded Srishti‖s good green
Governance award for four consecutive years since 2011.
Some examples of Green marketing in India:
Indian Railways: Recently IRCTC has allowed digital tickets to its customers
to carry PNR number of their ticket on their mobiles and laptop. Customer do
not need to carry the printed version of their ticket anymore.
No Polythene for carrying goods: Forest and Environmental ministry of India
has ordered to retail outlet like Big Bazar, Molls, Hyper city, departmental
stores and other retail stores that they could provide polythene carry bags to
customers only if customers are ready for pay for it.
State bank of India: Green it project by using eco and power friendly
equipment in its 10,000 new ATMs, the banking giant has not only saved power
costa and earned carbon credits, but also set right examples for others to follow.
Kansai Nerolac: Lead free paints was developed by Kansai Nerolac that has
worked on removing hazardous heavy metals from their paints, the hazardous
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heavy metals like lead, mercury, chromium, arsenic and antimony can have
adverse effects on humans.
Wipro’s Green machines: India’s first information technology company was
the first Indian company to launch environment friendly computer peripherals
for the Indian market known as Greenware.
The findings emphasize that today situation being both green and consumer
friendly is the only mantra for long term success.
1.6(c) Government- The Indian government has also done its mite in promoting
green marketing and eco friendliness by way of banning plastic bags from daily use,
helping its automotive industry to develop greener vehicles by supporting hybrid and
electric vehicles (EVs), by investing in greener cars the Government of India is
capitalizing on an underutilized segment and building an infrastructure that will
generate economic growth and reduce emissions. The government took the initiative
of promoting green buildings construction, usage of alternate sources of energy by
companies. Governmental Bodies are forcing Firms to Become More Responsible.
In most cases the government forces the firm to adopt policy which protects the
interests of the consumers by reducing production of harmful goods or by products,
Modify consumer and industry's use and /or consumption of harmful goods; or,
Ensure that all types of consumers have the ability to evaluate the environmental
composition of goods.
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Chapter 2
Research Design
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2.1Title of the study:
A study on “GREEN MARKETING: CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES”
2.2 Statement of the problem:
With raising global warming, most of the countries and even organization’s
think of sustainable development. This emerging concept talks about growth
and development which is tolerable by the nature. In this context Green
marketing occupies a pivotal role, which concentrates on manufacturing of
Good and services which are Environmental friendly and less hazardous to the
nature.
Tapping natural resources for the production also called for Ethical
responsibility of giving something back to nature. Hence this project work was
under taken to study the Impact of the green various challenges and
opportunities involved in it.
Implementing green marketing is not going to be an easy job. The firm has to
face many problems while trading products of green marketing. Challenges
which have to be faced are listed under
Green marketing encourages green products / services, green technology, green
power / energy.
The firm ensures that they convince the customer about their green product, by
implementing Eco labeling schemes. Eco labeling schemes offer its “approval”
to “Environmentally harmless” products and they are very popular in Japan and
Europe. Convincing the Indian customer’s is a great challenge.
The profits will be very low since renewable and recyclable products and green
technologies are more expensive. Green marketing will be successful only in
long run.
Many customers may not be willing to pay higher price for green products
which may affect the sales of the company.
2.3 Need of the study:
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Green marketing has now evolved as one of the major area of interest for
marketers as it may provide competitive advantages. However it requires
investment in terms of technology enhancement, process modification,
communicating benefits to customers etc. Many of the companies in India have
now started marketing themselves as green organizations due to certain
government regulations and shift in the preference of the consumers worldwide.
However, not much research with respect to green marketing has been done in
India and there is question about the awareness of green products among
consumers. The attitude of Indian consumers towards green products and the
relationship between the attitude and behavior is also questionable. As green
marketing is different from the marketing in traditional way, marketers need to
know the factors that persuade the consumer to buy the green products. This study
aims to resolve the research question that what factors influence the consumer
persuasion to buy the green product or not.
2.4 Objectives of the study
1. To investigate the level of awareness of Indian consumers about green
products and practices.
2. To measure the green values of the customers.
3. To identify the brands, consumer association with green marketing practices.
4. To investigate the preferences of Indian consumers about green products.
5. To identify the factors that influences the customer persuasion to buy green
products.
6. To understand the issues and challenges of green marketing practices.
2.5 Scope of the study
This project study cover all field where we need promotion of green marketing
i.e. Household industry, transportation industry, food industry and pharma
industry.
But here this study covers particularly household industry. This study helps to
know the opportunities available in the market for the eco-friendly product and
services for the household industry. Basically most of the household product and
services uses are not familiar about green or eco-friendly products.
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So this report will help producers as well as users to know about the eco-friendly
products. Most of the household items are not environment friendly and not up to
the mark what government decided.
70% of the Indian population are grouser. These people do not believe that
individual play any significant part in protecting the environment.
They feel the responsibility belongs to the Government and large corporation.
62% of the household users are not considers environmental issues while
selecting their products. Most of them are not aware about the products and
services that are offered by the manufacturers.
Green consumers put familiar products under a magnifying glass of
environmental scrutiny and their buzzwords signifying environmental
compatibility abound. Starting in the late 1980’s, such term as “recyclable”,
“biodegradable” and “environmental friendly” made cash registers ring
throughout upper-middle class neighbourhoods from coast to coasts.
Previous Research on green marketing
Prothero, A. (1998) in this research article, published in the 'Journal of Marketing
Management' published in July 1998 on green marketing. This includes; a
citation of the need to review existing literature on green marketing, an empirical
study of United States and Australian marketing managers, a description of what
a green alliance look like in practice in Great Britain, ecotourism and definitions
of green marketing.
Oyewole, P. (2001). In his paper presents a conceptual link among green
marketing, environmental justice, and industrial ecology. It argues for greater
awareness of environmental justice in the practice for green marketing. A
research agenda is finally suggested to determine consumers' awareness of
environmental justice, and their willingness to bear the costs associated with it.
Karna, J., Hansen, E. & Juslin, H. (2003) interpret that proactive marketers are
the most Genuine group in implementing environmental marketing voluntarily
and seeking competitive advantage through environmental friendliness. The
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results also give evidence that green values, environmental marketing strategies,
structures and functions are logically connected to each other as hypothesized
according to the model of environmental marketing used to guide this study.
Sanjay K. Jain & Gurmeet Kaur (2004) in their study environmentalism have fast
emerged as a worldwide phenomenon. Business firms too have risen to the
occasion and have started responding to environmental challenges by practicing
green marketing strategies. Green consumerism has played a catalytic role in
ushering corporate environmentalism and making business firms green marketing
oriented. Based on the data collected through a field survey, the paper makes an
assessment of the extent of environmental awareness, attitudes and behavior
prevalent among consumers in India.
Donaldson (2005) in his study realized in the Great Britain initially concluded
that in general the ecological attitude of consumers changed positively. This study
reported the strong faith of consumers in the known commercial brands and in
the feeble behavior referring to the "green" claims, which was the main cause
behind the consuming failure to interpret their Concerns beyond the environment
in their behavior.
Alsmadi (2007) investigating the environmental behavior of Jordanian
consumers reveals a high level of environmental conscience. Unfortunately
however this positive tendency and Preference in the "green" products does not
appear to have any effect on the final decision, obviously because these
consumers have a stronger faith in the traditional products and a small confidence
in the green statements. The above obstacles are further strengthened by the lack
of environmental conscience by a lot of enterprises and the existence of a large
scale of prices for the same product, many of which included an impetuous
estimate of environmental responsibility. The same phenomenon has been
presented in other researches too (Ottman, 2004; Donaldson, 2005; Cleveland et
al, 2005).
Brahma, M. & Dande, R. (2008), The Economic Times, Mumbai, had an article
which stated that, Green Ventures India is a subsidiary of New York based asset
management firm Green Ventures International. The latter recently announced a
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$300 million India focused fund aimed at renewable energy products and
supporting trading in carbon credits.
2.6 Limitations of the study
Limitation in adopting green marketing are following:
1. Green products require renewable technology and recyclable
material, which is costly.
2. Majority of the people are not aware of green products and
their uses.
3. Majority of the consumers are not willing to pay high price
for green products.
4. Time period was only 4 weeks. Hence only 50 respondents
are covered.
2.7 Methodology of the study
2.7. (A) Type of research: Exploratory, Qualitative research.
This research is conducted to know the consumer taste and preference about
green product quality, price and level of satisfaction and future plans about their
purchases.
2.7. (B) Types of Data:
Primary data: Data is collected through use of questionnaire.
Secondary data: Secondary data is taken from various sources i.e. South Asian
journal, marketing management by Philip Kotler, Electronic Green journal and
Internet.
2.7. (C) Sample size: The information is collected from 50 respondents. While
collecting data respondents are 75 but from them 25 respondents were not aware
about green marketing and green products, only 50 respondents knew about the
study topic. Hence the sample size is limited to 50 only.
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Chapter 3
Table, Graph and Inference
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3.1 Data and tables
Question no.1: The gender of the respondent
Table 1
Respondent Gender No of respondent Percentage
Male 30 60%
Female 20 40%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
3.1 Analysis: Out of the total respondent 30 were male and 20 were female. Male
respondents were giving information easily and whereas most of female
respondent were reluctant to share their view.
Graph 1
3.1 Inference: In inference we can say that male respondents are more confident
about the topic compare to the women respondents. Women respondents little bit
reluctant to the share their view about the topic.
Male60%
Female 40%
SAMPLE SIZE
Male Female
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Question no. 2 Age composition of respondent
Table 2
Age group of respondents No of respondents Percentage
Under 16 5 10%
16-20 10 20%
21-30 15 30%
31-40 12 24%
Above 41 8 16%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Out of all respondent 10% respondents are comes under age of 16
years, 20% respondents are comes under age group of above 16-20 years, 30%
respondents are comes under age group 21-30 years, 24% respondents are comes
under age group of 31-40 years and 16% respondents are comes under age above
41 years.
Graph 2
Inference: It is observed that respondents who comes under age of 20 to 40 years
are more confident about the topic and respondents who comes under age of 20
had little knowledge about the green marketing.
Under 1610%
16-2120%
21-3030%
31-4024%
more than 4016%
Under 16 16-21 21-30 31-40 more than 40
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Question no. 3: Occupation of respondents
Table 3
Respondent occupation No of respondents Percentage
a. Students 18 36%
b. Professionals 25 50%
c. Entrepreneurs 7 14%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Out of total respondents there 36% respondents are students, 50%
respondents are professionals and 14% of respondents are Entrepreneurs.
Graph - 3
Inference: Employees or professional are more comfortable with the topic,
students and entrepreneurs comparatively less comfortable with the issues.
Students36%
Professionals50%
Entrepreneurs14%
OCCUPATION
Students Professionals Entrepreneurs
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Question no. 4 Sources of creating awareness about green marketing
Table 4
Sources No of respondent Percentage
a. Television 5 10%
b. Newspaper 10 20%
c. Friends/Family 6 12%
d. Internet 5 10%
e. Television and Newspaper 8 16%
f. Newspaper and Internet 16 32%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary data
Analysis: Sources of information for respondents are: 10% of respondents are
get to know about green marketing through Television, 20% respondents know
through Newspapers, 12% of respondents know through Friends and Family,
10% of the respondents know through the Internet, 16% of respondents know
about topic through Television and Newspaper and 32% of respondents know
about green marketing through Newspaper and internet.
Graph 4
Inference: It is observed that respondents get to know about green marketing
through various sources of information. Among various available sources of
information maximum respondents get information through Newspaper and
Internet than Newspaper, television and friend/family.
Television, 10%
Newspaper, 20%
Friends/Family, 12%
Internet, 10%
Television, Newspaper,
16%,
Newspaper and Internet, 32%
SOURCE OF AWARENESS
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Question no. 5 Awareness about green products
Table 5
Response No of respondents Percentage
a. Yes 44 88%
b. No 6 12%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Here information that got through analysis about level of awareness of
green or eco-friendly products are 88% of the respondents said they know and
12% of the respondents said that they are does not know.
Graph 5
Inference: It is observed that result what we got is positive response from the
respondents. They are aware about green products and services and sometime
they consider environment while making their purchase decision.
Yes88%
No 12%
AWARENESS ABOUT GREEN PRODUCTS
Yes No
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Question no. 6 Participation in green marketing campaign…
Table 6
Response No of respondents Percentage
a. Yes 22 44%
b. No 28 56%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Among total respondents they answer in the question of participation
of any campaign to green marketing their responses are: 44% of the respondents
are participated and 56% of the respondents are not participated.
Graph 6
Inference: It is observed through the analysis of data here we can say that result
is positive. From all respondent whom this question was asked from them
students and some professionals are participated for green marketing or
environmental issues campaign in their schools and organizations. Organizations
have responsibility to protect environment and they are doing well. Promotion of
green marketing is a part of CSR activity, where organizations do work for
society welfare and sends their employees to participate.
44%
56%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Yes No
participation of respondents
No of respondent
A Study on Green Marketing Opportunities and Challenges
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question no. 7 Product preference while selecting….
Table 7
Preference No of respondents Percentage
a. Often 13 26%
b. Sometime 14 28%
c. Rare 16 32%
d. Never 7 14%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Through above mentioned data here we can say that, 26% consumers
prefer to purchase eco-friendly product and services often, 28% of consumers
prefer to purchase eco-friendly products sometime, 32% consumers purchases
rarely eco products and services and 14%% consumers do not consider
environmental issues while selecting products and services.
Graph 7
Inference: It is observed From above analysis in inference here we can say that
some of the respondents consider to buy eco-friendly products while making
purchase decisions and some are choose rarely because of the trends and good
looks. From total respondents some of them said that green are good in quality
but very expensive.
26.00% 28%32%
14.00%
OFTEN SOMETIME RARE NEVER
No o
f re
spondent
Response
Product preference
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question no. 8 Respondents assigning primary preference Eco-Friendly product.
Table 8
Response Respondent Percentage
a. Yes 18 36%
b. No 32 64%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Among all respondents 36% of consumers primarily prefers eco-
friendly products while selecting and 64% of consumers do not consider
environment at the time of product selection.
Graph 8
Inference: It is observed from above analysis we found respondents does not take
their purchasing decision to keeping environment in mind. They prefer to buy
product and services those are cheap and good in quality.
Yes36%
No64%
Primary preference about product
Yes No
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question no. 9 Satisfaction level with quality and price of green marketing
products
Table 9
Response No of respondent Percentage
a. Yes 38 76%
b. No 12 24%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Among sample selected for study 76% of the consumers are satisfied
with the quality and price of the products and services.
24% consumers are satisfied with the quality of product but they are not satisfied
with the price.
Graph 9
Inference: It is observed through the data analysis about response of respondents
towards green product quality and price more of the respondents said that they
are satisfied with the product quality and price and some of them are satisfied
with the quality of goods and services but they want all these product in less cost.
76%
24%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Yes No
No o
f re
spondent
Satisfaction Level
Satisfaction
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question No. 10 Will you continue to buy Eco-Friendly products?
Table 10
Response No of respondents Percentage
a. Yes 22 44%
b. No 28 56%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Among all respondents 44% of the consumers will prefer eco-friendly
product for their future purchase and 56% of the consumers says they do not want
product which are made by recyclable materials because those products are
expensive.
Graph 10
Inference: From analysis of the above data it is observed that from total
respondent more than 56% of the respondent are not sure about their purchase.
They said they did not do planning for things they prefer products and services
as requirement and on their budget. Where 44% of the respondents said that they
keep environment in their mind most of the time while making purchase decisions
and in future also they will purchase environmentally safe products.
44.00%
56.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Yes No
Resp
ondent
Response
Continue prefer Eco-Friendly Products
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question No. 11 Does Green marketing and its sources of advertising are good
source of information about products and services?
Table 11
Response No of respondents Percentage
Agree 28 56%
Neutral 12 24%
Disagree 10 20%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: 56% of respondent believe advertisement create awareness among
consumers about green products and services, 24% of respondent say
advertisement and other campaign does not affects people preferences, means
advertisement affects neutral and 20% of respondent says advertisement does
not make any sense.
Graph 11
Inference: In inference it is observed that we can say that there are 56% of
respondents said that they are agreed with the sources of advertisement or
information, they also want from Government, business firms and journal public
to participate to make healthy environment. Among total respondents some of
the respondents are neutral to this question they think this type of initiative does
not doing anything. They also give their opinion they said as we are improving
our life style and Nation is also developing to meet their people need. As we
know development of the nation will not possible without affecting
Agree56%Neutral
24%
Disagree20%
Sources of information
Agree Neutral Disagree
A Study on Green Marketing Opportunities and Challenges
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
environment. Some the respondent said that these sources of information not up
to the mark. They suggest that advertisement or campaigns should be operated
in small towns and rural areas because people from these areas are not aware
about environmental issues.
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question no. 12 Is Green Marketing activities resulting better product?
Table 12
Response No of respondents Percentage
a. Agree 36 72%
b. Neutral 10 20%
c. Disagree 4 8%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: In answer of question about does green marketing activities helps
better product, from total respondents 72% of respondents agreed with this
statement, 20% of respondent are neutral about this statement and 8% of
respondent are disagree with statement.
Graph 12
Inference: It is observed that more than 72%% of the respondents are in favour
of promotion of green marketing because it helps environment and helps human
being and animals to live healthy. Whereas 20% of the respondent said it is not
making any difference and less than 8% of respondent said it is affecting the
business operation.
Agree72%
Neutral20%
Disagree8%
RESPONSE IN %
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question No. 13 Why do companies opting green marketing?
Table 13
Sources No of respondents Percentage
a. Government pressure 24 48%
b. Competitive pressure 5 10%
c. As a part of CSR 16 32%
d. Immense opportunity 5 10%
Source: Primary data
Analysis: For the answer of the question why companies are opting green
marketing strategy their responses are: 48% of respondent says that they are doing
because of government pressure, 10% of respondent says that they are doing
because of competitive pressure, 32% of respondent says that they are doing
because of environment protection is a part of CSR activities and 10% of
respondent says that this is because of immense opportunity and they want to cash
it.
Graph 13
48%
10%
32%
10%
No of respondent
Government pressure
Competitive pressure
As a part of CSR
Immense Opportunity
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Inference: From the above analysis from total respondent some believe that
government and organizations are participating on such kind of activities because
of the government pressure. Some said they are doing because they want to
survive in the market and operate their operation continuously. Some of the
respondents said that organisations or business concerns are doing such kind of
activities because they have pressure from government to perform through as a
part of CSR activity and some of the respondents said the reason behind going
green is because of the immense opportunities and government support.
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question No. 14 Do you think Green marketing helps organization to build their
image in the mind of consumers?
Table 14
Response No of respondents Percentage
a. Yes 31 62%
b. No 19 38%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Among all respondents they give their opinion about the question:
62% respondent says that promotion of green product helps their image in front
of consumers, 38% respondent says this type of activity does not do anything
with their image.
Graph 14
Inference: Respondents about the question that is promotion of green marketing
helping organizations to build their image in the eyes of the consumers, they said
yes these type of activities helping business firm’s image in the eyes of consumer.
Consumers believe if company or organisation producing their goods and
services which not harm environment. They will also care about their customers.
Where in 38% of the respondent said it is not necessary that these activities builds
business firms image in the mind of the consumers.
62.0
0%
38.0
0%
Y E S N O
NO
OF
RE
SP
ON
DE
NT
RESPONSE
CREATS GOOD IMAGE
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question No.15 Do you think companies that focus on environment protection for
those persuading consumer is easy or not?
Table 15
Response No of respondents Percentage
a. Agree 13 26%
b. Neutral 19 38%
c. Disagree 18 36%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: Companies those are targeting consumers through use of recyclable
products easily persuade consumer: 26% respondent believe in this statement,
38% respondent says its effect is neutral and 36% respondents are disagree with
this statement.
Graph 15
Inference: Among total respondent only 26% of the respondents believe that its
helps business firm’s to maintain their customers for longer time, whereas 38%
of the respondents said that promoting green products do nothing for the
customers, reason behind this view they said consumer choose their products and
services according to the situation and among total respondent 36% of the
respondents said they are not agree with this statement they said most of the time
consumers look for the new fashion and trend.
26.00%
38.00%36%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
Agree Neutral Disagree
No.
of
resp
ondent
Response
Persuading consumer
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question no. 16 Green marketing includes:
Table 16
Changes No of
respondents
Percentage
a. Product modification 24 48%s
b. Changes in production
process
3 6%
c. Change in packaging 6 12%
d. Modifying advertising 4 8%
e. All of the above 11 22%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: For the answer of green marketing includes: from total respondents:
48% says product modification is green marketing, 6% says changes in
production process, 12% says changes in packaging, 8% says modifying
advertisement is green marketing and 22% says all of the above involves in green
marketing.
Graph 16
Inference: From total respondents we came with conclusion that is there is
difference in view of consumers towards product. Some said product
modification is a green marketing, some said that change in production process
is green marketing, some said that changes in packaging is green marketing, some
of the respondents said change in advertising is green marketing and some of the
respondent said that all of these includes in the green marketing.
48%
6.00%
12%8%
22.00%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Productmodification
Changes inproduction
process
Changes inpackaging
Modifyingadvertising
All of the aboe
No o
f re
sponden
t
Response
No of respondent
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question no. 17 Do you think green marketing helps to grow healthy
environment?
Table 17
Response No of respondents Percentage
a. Yes 43 86%
b. No 7 14%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: To the answer of question do green marketing helps in healthy
environment they says: 86% of respondent says that yes green marketing helping
environment and 14% of respondent says it is helping but not as should be.
Graph 17
Inference: It is observed that almost all of the respondents agreed with this that
green marketing is helping to grow healthy environment but some of them said
promoting green marketing is comparatively expensive than promoting regular
product.
Yes86%
No14%
Consumers view
Yes No
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Question no. 18 Do you think green marketing is protecting environment give your
opinion?
Table 18
Response No of respondents Percentage
a. Yes 39 78%
b. No 11 22%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: To the answer of question respondent give their opinion are: 78% of
respondent says yes promotion of green marketing is helping environment, 22%
of consumers says no promotion of green marketing is not helping. Some also
said that green products are not success because of high price.
Graph 18
Inference: From the total respondent it is observed that there are 78% of the
respondents said that promoting green marketing is good and it will not improve
environment but also improve health hum all living beings. Whereas 22% of the
respondents said that promoting green marketing is good thing but it create
problems for the business firms. They said promotion of the green marketing is
not the task of private organisation. They said government is forcefully imposing
them to do CSR activities.
78%
22%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Yes No
NO
OF
RE
SP
ON
DE
NT
CONSUMER
Consumer views
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Question no. 19. What are the target areas where should green marketing
promotion will more effective?
Table 19
Areas No of respondents Percentage
a. Household products 18 36%
b. Transportation 14 28%
c. Electronics item 6 12%
d. Household and transportation 5 10%
e. Transportation and technology 7 14%
Total 50 100%
Source: Primary Data
Analysis: To the answer of this question their suggestions are:36% of respondent
says household products should made of through using recyclable component that
will not harm environment, 28% of respondent give their suggestion in favour or
transportation. They said uses of machinery are reason for air pollution, 12% of
respondent said that electronics items are responsible for pollution environment,
10% said that household and transportation are the reason for polluting
environment and 14% said that transportation and electronic products are reasons
for polluting environment.
Graph 19
Inference: From the total it is observed more than 36% of the respondents said that
promotion of green and recyclable product and services promoted in household
sector because most of the products used in home are generates huge amount of
pollutants which affects the environment. After household items more than 42% of
the respondents said Transportation and use of technology is generating problem for
environment so they want to have vehicle and machinery which are eco-friendly.
36%
28%
12%10.00%
14.00%
Householdproducts
Transportation Electronic items Household andtransportation
Technology andelectronics
No o
f re
spondent
Response
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Chapter 4
Findings, Suggestions and Conclusion
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
4.1 Findings
Through the analysis of collected data I found some point which need to share
that are….
Most of consumers are aware about eco-friendly products and services and they
want to use all that but they want all these products on their budget.
Eco-friendly products are comparatively quite expensive to normal product.
Out of the total respondents 30 were male and 20 were female.
37% of the respondents were under the age group of 21-30.
Most of the respondents were working professionals.
There are many sources of creating awareness about environmental friendly
products. Television, Newspaper, Internet, personal interactions are the most
important one. Out of all these, newspaper appears to be the important source
of creating awareness about green marketing.
Awareness about green marketing is picking up now a days, as people are using
more and more environmental friendly products.
Most of the respondents prefer to buy green products, despite the fact that they
are little expensive.
Surprisingly 68% of the respondents replied they want to buy green products
but, cost effectiveness is very important to them. Hence they haven’t
prioritized.
The Green marketing channels doesn’t create the necessary awareness about the
products.
Government regulations compels the organizations in going for environmental
friendly products.
Competitive pressure also forces them to think about green products.
Green marketing certainly helps in creating a healthy environment.
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4.2 Suggestions
Through the analysis of collected data I found some suggestions that are:
1. Green or eco-friendly product contain good quality but they are more expensive
than regular products. Companies we are producing eco-friendly products
should try to reduce cost.
2. Government and business concerns should have work together for creating
awareness among consumers.
3. Consumers also wants to participate on such campaigns but the lack of others
support they are no doing any think. They need some initiative with this issue.
4. Opportunities in this field: It appears that all types of consumers, both individual
and industrial are becoming more concerned and aware about the natural
environment. In a 1992 study of 16 countries, more than 50% of consumers in
each country, other than Singapore, indicated they were concerned about the
environment.
5. A 1994 study in Australia found that 84.6% of the sample believed all
individuals had a responsibility to care for the environment. A further 80% of
this sample indicated that they had modified their behavior, including their
purchasing behavior, due to environmental reasons. As demands change, many
firms see these changes as an opportunity to be exploited.
6. Given these figures, it can be assumed that firms marketing goods with
environmental characteristics will have a competitive advantage over firms
marketing non-environmentally responsible alternatives.
7. McDonald's replaced its clam shell packaging with waxed paper because of
increased consumer
8. Concern relating to polystyrene production and Ozone depletion [Gifford 1991,
Hume 1991].
9. Tuna manufacturers modified their fishing techniques because of the increased
concern over driftnet
10. Fishing, and the resulting death of dolphins [Advertising Age 1991].
11. Xerox introduced a "high quality" recycled photocopier paper in an attempt to
satisfy the demands of firms for less environmentally harmful products.
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
12. This is not to imply that all firms who have undertaken environmental marketing
activities actually improve their behavior. In some cases firms have misled
consumers in an attempt to gain market share.
13. In other cases firms have jumped on the green bandwagon without considering
the accuracy of their behavior, their claims, or the effectiveness of their
products. This lack of consideration of the true "greenness" of activities may
result in firms making false or misleading green marketing claims.
It was found that some challenges with green marketing that is: No matter why
a firm uses green marketing there are a number of potential problems that they
must overcome. One of the main problems is that firms using green marketing
must ensure that their activities are not misleading to consumers or industry,
and do not breach any of the regulations or laws dealing with environmental
marketing. For example marketers in the US must ensure their green marketing
claims can meet the following set of criteria, in order to comply with the FTC's
guidelines. Green marketing claims must;
• Clearly state environmental benefits;
• Explain environmental characteristics;
• Explain how benefits are achieved;
• Ensure comparative differences are justified;
• Ensure negative factors are taken into consideration; and
• Only use meaningful terms and pictures.
Another problem firm’s face is that those who modify their products due to
increased consumer concern must contend with the fact that consumers'
perceptions are sometimes not correct. Take for example the McDonald's case
where it has replaced its clam shells with plastic coated paper. There is ongoing
scientific debate which is more environmentally friendly. Some scientific
evidence suggests that when taking a cradleto-grave approach, polystyrene is
less environmentally harmful. If this is the case McDonald's bowed to
Consumer pressure, yet has chosen the more environmentally harmful option.
When firms attempt to become socially responsible, they may face the risk that
the environmentally responsible action of today will be found to be harmful in
the future. Take for example the aerosol industry which has switched from CFCs
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
(chlorofluorocarbons) to HFCs (hydro fluorocarbons) only to be told HFCs are
also a greenhouse gas. Some firms now use DME (dimethyl ether) as an aerosol
propellant, which may also harm the ozone layer [Debets 1989]. Given the
limited scientific knowledge at any point in time, it may be impossible for a firm
to be certain they have made the correct environmental decision. This may
explain why some firms, like Coca-Cola and Walt Disney World, are becoming
socially responsible without publicizing the point. They may be protecting
themselves from potential future negative backlash, if it is determined they
made the wrong decision in the past.
While governmental regulation is designed to give consumers the opportunity
to make better decisions or to motivate them to be more environmentally
responsible, there is difficulty in establishing policies that will address all
environmental issues. For example, guidelines developed to control
environmental marketing address only a very narrow set of issues, i.e., the
truthfulness of environmental marketing claims [Schlossberg 1993]. If
governments want to modify consumer behavior they need to establish a
different set of regulations. Thus governmental attempts to protect the
environment may result in a proliferation of regulations and guidelines, with no
one central controlling body.
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
4.3 Conclusion
Now this is the right time to select ―Green Marketing‖ globally. It will come
with drastic change in the world of business if all nations will make strict roles
because green marketing is essential to save world from pollution. From the
business point of view because a clever marketer is one who not only convinces
the consumer, but also involves the consumer in marketing his product. Green
marketing should not be considered as just one more approach to marketing, but
has to be pursued with much greater vigor, as it has an environmental and social
dimension to it. With the threat of global warming looming large, it is extremely
important that green marketing becomes the norm rather than an exception or just
a fad. Recycling of paper, metals, plastics, etc., in a safe and environmentally
harmless manner should become much more systematized and universal. It has
to become the general norm to use energy-efficient lamps and other electrical
goods.
Marketers also have the responsibility to make the consumers understand the
need for and benefits of green products as compared to non-green ones. In green
marketing, consumers are willing to pay more to maintain a cleaner and greener
environment. Finally, consumers, industrial buyers and suppliers need to
pressurize to minimize the negative effects on the environment-friendly. Green
marketing assumes even more importance and relevance in developing countries
like India.
Thus an environmental committed organization may not only produce goods that
have reduced their detrimental impact on the environment, they may also be able
to pressure their suppliers to behave in a more environmentally "responsible"
fashion. Final consumers and industrial buyers also have the ability to pressure
organizations to integrate the environment into their corporate culture and thus
ensure all organizations minimize the detrimental environmental impact of their
activities.
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
First create awareness about Green marketing to the household consumers,
because most of the housewives those uses the products and services and not
aware about the uses of the products and services.
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
Chapter 5
Learning Experience: Bibliography, Annexure and Detail of account
work done
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
5.1 Learning Experience
Based on the study I get to know some very important information about the green
marketing and its sustainability. As we know green marketing is a new concept
to the world and difficult to adopt. Through the analysis of the collected data and
information I found consumers are aware about the environmental issues but they
do not care about the environment, while them making their purchase decision. I
found that Government and Organizations should have to pay their attention
towards creating awareness among consumers, about the uses of the products and
services.
My learning was fully satisfied with the objectives. Green marketing:
Opportunities and Challenges focuses current scenario of world and Indian about
the issues of environment. Through study I found environmental issue is the
biggest problem for the world to deal because these days environment affects by
the use of the products and services and its cause unhealthy environment.
China is a country which is facing major problem because of the pollution.
In India its metro cities also affected by the environment pollution. Non eco-
friendly products and serviced not only affects environment but also make
changes in climate conditions, creates health issues for public and animals.
For the betterment of the environment not only Government and large scale
organizations but small scale industries, retailer and the consumers have to pay
attention towards the environmental issues.
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
5.2 Bibliography
www.legacymax.co.in (Legacymax by shiv kumar)
Electronic green journal (http://escholarship.org/uc/item/49n325b7)
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
Kotler, Philip. Marketing Management – The Millennium Edition Prentice Hall
of India
Private Limited, New Delhi
Brahma, M. & Dande, R. (2008), The Economic Times, Mumbai.
Mathur, L.K., Mathur, I. (2000).An Analysis of the wealth effect of green
marketing
strategies, Journal of Business Research, 50(2), 193-200.
Prothero, A. & Fitchett, J.A. (2000). Greening Capitalism: Opportunities for
Green
Community. Journal of Macro marketing, 20(1), pp. 46-56.
Sanjay K. Jain & Gurmeet kaur (2004), Green Marketing: An Attitudinal and
Behavioral
Analysis of Indian Consumers, Global Business Review, Vol.5 no. 2 187-205.
www.google.com
www.greenmarketing.net/stratergic.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_marketing
European journal of Economic and Political Studies
Asia pacific journal of marketing and management issues
Assistant Professor R. Venketesh project guide at CIMS
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5.3 Annexure
Questionnaire
Green marketing: Challenges and opportunities
I am Rahul Shukla here to conduct a survey on the topic “Green
marketing: challenges and opportunities”. Please give your
important view about the topic.
Green marketing-Green marketing, also alternatively known as environmental
marketing and sustainable marketing, refers to an organization's efforts at
designing, promoting, pricing and distributing products that will not harm the environment.
Name…………………………………….
1) Gender of the respondent
a) Male b) Female
2) Age of respondents
a) Under 16 b) 16-21 c) 21-30
d) 30-40 e) 49-50 f) Above 50
3) Occupation of the respondents
a) Student b) Professional
c) Businessman
4) If yes, then which source of media?
a) Television b) Newspaper c) Friends/Family
d) Magazines e) Internet
5) Are you aware about the eco-friendly products?
a) Yes b) No
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
6) Have you been participated for any such campaign?
a) Yes b) No
7) Do you consider the environmental aspect of the product while buying
them?
a) Very often b) Often c) Sometime
d) Rarely e) Never
8) Do you primarily prefer to buy eco-friendly product?
a) Yes b) No
9) Are you satisfied with the quality and price of eco-friendly products?
a) Yes b) No
10) Would you like to continue buy eco-friendly products?
a) Yes b) No
11) Do you think that green marketing and its advertising are good source of
information about green product and services?
a) Highly agree b) Agree c) Neutral
d) Disagree e) Highly disagree
12) Do you think green marketing activities results in better product?
a) Highly agree b) Agree c) Neutral
d) Disagree e) Highly disagree
13) Why do companies opt for this strategy?
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
a) Government pressure b) Competitive pressure
c) As a part of CSR d) Immense opportunity
14) Do you think green marketing strengthen company’s image in the mind of
consumers?
a) Yes b) No
15) Do you think that companies that focus on environmental concerns
persuade consumers?
a) Agree b) Neutral c) Disagree
16) Green marketing includes:
Highly
agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Highly
disagree
a. Product modification
b. Changes in production
process
c. Packaging change
d. Modifying advertising
e. All of the above
17) Do you think promotion of green marketing will help to grow the healthy
environment?
a. Yes b) No
18) Give your opinion on whether green marketing is protecting environment as
it did before?
Ans-
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………!
19) According to you which are the main target areas for promoting green
marketing?
Ans-
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….!
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Community Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore
5.4 Detail of account work done
Week Dates Work
Carried
Out
Initials
of Co-
Guide
Signature
of
Faculty
Guide
I
II
III
IV