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Ruby on RailsRuby on Railsor,or,

why are you wasting yourwhy are you wasting your

www.www. rubyonrailsrubyonrails .org.org Curt Hibbs Curt Hibbs

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AgendaAgenda

What is Ruby?What is Ruby?

What is Rails?What is Rails?Live DemonstrationLive DemonstrationDevelopment Metrics for Real RailsDevelopment Metrics for Real RailsApplicationsApplicationsRails FeaturesRails Features

Resources for more informationResources for more information

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Short Answer:Short Answer:Ruby is the successful combinationRuby is the successful combinationSmallTalk'sSmallTalk's conceptual elegance, Python'sconceptual elegance, Python'sease of use and learning, andease of use and learning, and Perl'sPerl'spragmatism.pragmatism.

Long Answer:Long Answer:

Well see the following slides.Well see the following slides.

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Ruby is a very object oriented language with aRuby is a very object oriented language with asuper clean syntax that makes programmingsuper clean syntax that makes programming

elegant and enjoyable.elegant and enjoyable.-- James Edward Gray IIJames Edward Gray II

Ruby is an elegant language in which it's easyRuby is an elegant language in which it's easyand natural to express solutions. It's simpleand natural to express solutions. It's simpleenough that a beginner can start using it enough that a beginner can start using it

immediately, yet powerful enough to deal withimmediately, yet powerful enough to deal with

sophisticated needs. It's so fun that thesophisticated needs. It's so fun that thePuritans would have banned it had they knownPuritans would have banned it had they knownabout it.about it.

-- Paul SanchezPaul Sanchez

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Ruby is a language that's like the best parts of Ruby is a language that's like the best parts of Smalltalk,Smalltalk, PerlPerl and Lisp, all in one, and no lineand Lisp, all in one, and no line

noise.noise.-- AredridelAredridel

Ruby is the programming language that makesRuby is the programming language that makesyou have more time for your girlfriend .. oryou have more time for your girlfriend .. orless, if you fall in love with Ruby instead.less, if you fall in love with Ruby instead.

-- JanJan KrgerKrger

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I use Ruby because it:I use Ruby because it: is easy and fun to learn and use is easy and fun to learn and use

strongly encourages structured, expressive and strongly encourages structured, expressive and readable code readable code

makes object makes object - - orientation a natural approach of orientation a natural approach of solving problems solving problems

lets you solve the problem at hand instead of lets you solve the problem at hand instead of fighting against shortcomings of the language fighting against shortcomings of the language

is highly addictive once youve tried it you is highly addictive once youve tried it you

cannot imagine life without cannot imagine life without -- Josef Josef Schugt Schugt

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And my personal favorite:And my personal favorite:

Ruby? Oh, you won't like this language.Ruby? Oh, you won't like this language.(Slides Pickaxe II book out of view.) (Slides Pickaxe II book out of view.)

It's entirely too fun and productive forIt's entirely too fun and productive formost people.most people.-- Mike ClarkMike Clark

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Why Ruby?Why Ruby?

Easy to learn and maintainEasy to learn and maintain

PowerfulPowerfulLanguage stays out of your wayLanguage stays out of your wayRich librariesRich librariesRapid development Rapid development Helpful communityHelpful community

Open SourceOpen SourceFunFun

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Why Not?Why Not?

PerformancePerformancealthough it rivalsalthough it rivals PerlPerl and Pythonand Python

Threading modelThreading modelDoes not use native threadsDoes not use native threads

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Who Uses Ruby?Who Uses Ruby?

Well Known Developers Using RubyWell Known Developers Using RubyEvangelistsEvangelists

Dave Thomas & Andrew Hunt Dave Thomas & Andrew Hunt Authors of The Pragmatic ProgrammerAuthors of The Pragmatic Programmer

EnthusiastsEnthusiasts Ron Jefferies Ron Jefferies * Martin Fowler Martin Fowler * Jack Herrington Jack Herrington

Positive MentionsPositive Mentions Alistair Cockburn Alistair Cockburn * Kent Beck Kent Beck * Ward Cunningham Ward Cunningham *

Bret Bret Pettichord Pettichord * Brian Brian Marick Marick * Paul Graham Paul Graham Doug Lea Doug Lea Bjarne Stroustrup Bjarne Stroustrup Brad Cox Brad Cox Bruce Bruce Perens Perens Howard Lewis Ship

* Notice the heavyrepresentation from

Agile SoftwareDevelopment community.

Howard Lewis Ship

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What is Rails?What is Rails?

Short Answer:Short Answer:AnAn extremely extremely productive webproductive web --applicationapplication

framework that is written in Ruby by framework that is written in Ruby byDavid Heinemeier Hansson.David Heinemeier Hansson.

Long Answer:Long Answer:Well see the following slides.Well see the following slides.

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An open source webAn open source web --applicationapplication framework. framework.It ships with an answer for every letterIt ships with an answer for every letterin MVC:in MVC:

Action ControllerAction ControllerAction ViewAction ViewActive Record (for the model)Active Record (for the model)

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Less CodeLess CodeRequires fewer total lines of code thanRequires fewer total lines of code thanother frameworks spend setting up theirother frameworks spend setting up theirXML configuration files.XML configuration files.

Full StackFull StackBeing a fullBeing a full --stack framework means that allstack framework means that all

layers are built to work seamlesslylayers are built to work seamlesslytogether. That way you Dont Repeat together. That way you Dont Repeat Yourself (DRY).Yourself (DRY).

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Convention over ConfigurationConvention over ConfigurationRails shuns configuration files in favor of Rails shuns configuration files in favor of conventions, reflection and dynamic runconventions, reflection and dynamic run --

time extensions.time extensions.Configure your application by making it Configure your application by making it

Your codeYour code iss the configuration!the configuration!This means the end of XML files telling aThis means the end of XML files telling astory that has already been told in yourstory that has already been told in yourcode.code.It means no compilation phase: Make aIt means no compilation phase: Make achange, see it work.change, see it work.MetaMeta --data is an implementation detail left data is an implementation detail left

for the framework to handle. for the framework to handle.

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Rails DemonstrationRails Demonstration

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The Finished Forum ExampleThe Finished Forum Example

RubyBBRubyBBby Russ Smithby Russ Smithhttp://http:// rubybbrubybb .. readbim readbim .com/.com/

384 Lines of Code384 Lines of Code
http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/http://rubybb.readbim.com/main/

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Development MetricsDevelopment Metrics

StoryCardsStoryCardsWeb app to support XPWeb app to support XP --style development style development by Jimby Jim WeirichWeirichhttp://onestepback.org:3030/

1,250 Lines of code1,250 Lines of code8 hours of 8 hours of

development development timetime
http://onestepback.org:3030/projecthttp://onestepback.org:3030/project

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RubyFAQRubyFAQUser contributed and commentedUser contributed and commented FAQsFAQs(a production web(a production web --app) by David Blackapp) by David Blackhttp://www.rubygarden.org/faq/main/index

573 Lines of code573 Lines of code5 hours of 5 hours of

development development time.time.
http://www.rubygarden.org/faq/main/indexhttp://www.rubygarden.org/faq/main/index

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BasecampBasecamp : A commercial Rails web: A commercial Rails web --app with over 10,000 users.app with over 10,000 users.

WebWeb --based project management the waybased project management the wayit should beit should behttp://www.http://www. basecamphq basecamphq .com/.com/

Launched afterLaunched after

4,000 Lines of Code.4,000 Lines of Code.2 man2 man --months of months of programming by aprogramming by a

single developersingle developer(the Rails author).(the Rails author).
http://www.basecamphq.com/http://www.basecamphq.com/http://www.basecamphq.com/http://www.basecamphq.com/http://www.basecamphq.com/http://www.basecamphq.com/http://www.basecamphq.com/

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Rails TestimonialsRails Testimonials

I'm absolutely floored by how fast I'm developing withI'm absolutely floored by how fast I'm developing withRails. Stuff that would have taken me over a week inRails. Stuff that would have taken me over a week inJava + Web Work2 + Velocity + Hibernate has taken meJava + Web Work2 + Velocity + Hibernate has taken mea little over a day with Rails. I'm not even going to try toa little over a day with Rails. I'm not even going to try tocompare it to my current client's project which requirescompare it to my current client's project which requires

Struts.Struts.-- AnoopAnoop RanganathRanganath

I was but a lowly PHP programmer, slogging throughI was but a lowly PHP programmer, slogging throughthousands of lines of lessthousands of lines of less --thanthan --maintainable code. I wasmaintainable code. I wascoercing Smarty, an innocent coercing Smarty, an innocent templatingtemplating engine, to myengine, to myevil whims. The innards of my latest PHP project lookedevil whims. The innards of my latest PHP project looked

like a multilike a multi --car accident.car accident.

CueCue RubyOnRailsRubyOnRails . The sheer elegance of the thing has. The sheer elegance of the thing has freed my mind from the mires of PHP. No longer is my freed my mind from the mires of PHP. No longer is my

vision limited by the tedium of PHP. Writing webvision limited by the tedium of PHP. Writing web --

applications has become a pure joy.applications has become a pure joy.-- Jorgen HahnJorgen Hahn

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Rails TestimonialsRails Testimonials

I'm planning to demonstrate Rails to Amazon next week.I'm planning to demonstrate Rails to Amazon next week.-- Dave ThomasDave Thomas

Author: The Pragmatic Programmer Author: The Pragmatic Programmer

d

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Active RecordActive Record

Object Object --relation mapping put on railsrelation mapping put on railsActive Record connects business objectsActive Record connects business objectsand database tables to create aand database tables to create a

persistablepersistable domain model where logic anddomain model where logic anddata is presented in one wrapping.data is presented in one wrapping.Active Records main contribution to theActive Records main contribution to the

ORM pattern is to relieve two stuntingORM pattern is to relieve two stuntingproblems: lack of associations andproblems: lack of associations andinheritance.inheritance.

A simple domain languageA simple domain language --like set of like set of macros describe associations.macros describe associations.Single Table inheritance narrows the gapSingle Table inheritance narrows the gap

of functionality between the dataof functionality between the data mappermapperand the active record approach.and the active record approach.

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A i R dA i R d

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Automated mapping between classesAutomated mapping between classesand tables, attributes and columns.and tables, attributes and columns.

class Product

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Associations between objectsAssociations between objectscontrolled by simple metacontrolled by simple meta --programming macros.programming macros.

class Firm

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Validation rules can differ for new or existingValidation rules can differ for new or existingobjects.objects.

class Post

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Callbacks as methods or queues on the entireCallbacks as methods or queues on the entirelifecycle (instantiation, saving, destroying,lifecycle (instantiation, saving, destroying,validating, etc).validating, etc).

class Subscription

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Inheritance hierarchiesInheritance hierarchies

class Company

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Transaction support on both aTransaction support on both adatabase and object level.database and object level.

# Just database transaction# Just database transaction

Account.transaction doAccount.transaction do

david.withdrawal(100)david.withdrawal(100)

mary.deposit(100)mary.deposit(100)

endend

# Object transaction# Object transaction

Account.transaction(Account.transaction( daviddavid ,, marymary ) do) do

david.withdrawal(100)david.withdrawal(100)mary.deposit(100)mary.deposit(100)

endend


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Reflections on columns, associations, andReflections on columns, associations, andaggregationsaggregations

reflection = Firm.reflect_on_association(:clients)reflection = Firm.reflect_on_association(:clients)

reflection.reflection. klassklass # => Client (class)# => Client (class)

Firm.columns # Returns an array of columnFirm.columns # Returns an array of column# descriptors for the firms table# descriptors for the firms table


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Database abstraction through simpleDatabase abstraction through simpleadaptersadapters

About 100 lines of code.About 100 lines of code.

ActiveRecordActiveRecord ::Base.establish_connection(::Base.establish_connection(

:adapter => ":adapter => " sqlitesqlite ",",

::

dbfiledbfile

=> "=> "

dbfiledbfile

))

ActiveRecordActiveRecord ::Base.establish_connection(::Base.establish_connection(

:adapter => ":adapter => " mysqlmysql ",",

:host => ":host => " localhostlocalhost ",",

:username => "me",:username => "me",

:password => "secret",:password => "secret",

:database => ":database => " activerecordactiverecord ""

))


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Data definitions are specified only inData definitions are specified only inthe database.the database.Active Record queries the database for theActive Record queries the database for the

column names.column names.When an database object is instantiated,When an database object is instantiated,attributes are created for each columnattributes are created for each columnname.name.

# CREATE TABLE companies (# CREATE TABLE companies (# id int(11) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,# id int(11) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,# client_of int(11),# client_of int(11),

# name varchar(255),# name varchar(255),# type varchar(100),# type varchar(100),# PRIMARY KEY (id)# PRIMARY KEY (id)# )# )

Active Record automatically links the "Company"Active Record automatically links the "Company"object to the "companies" tableobject to the "companies" table

Active Record Sample CodeActive Record Sample Code

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Active Record Sample CodeActive Record Sample Code

# SQL: INSERT INTO companies (name) VALUES ("Next Angle")

firm = Firm.new("name" => "Next Angle")

firm.save

Lots of different finders:

# SQL: SELECT * FROM companies WHERE id = 1

next_angle = Company.find(1)

# SQL: SELECT * FROM companies WHERE id = 1 AND

# name = 'Next Angle'

next_angle = Company.find_first "name = 'Next Angle'"

Dynamic methods are added by the has_many macro:

next_angle.has_clients? # true

next_angle.clients_count # total number of clients

all_clients = next_angle.clients

Action Controller FeaturesAction Controller Features

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ActionsActions

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ActionsActions

Actions: from request to responseActions: from request to responseRails splits the response to a web request Rails splits the response to a web request into a controller part (performing the logic)into a controller part (performing the logic)

and a view part (rendering a template).and a view part (rendering a template).This twoThis two --step approach is known as anstep approach is known as an

action, which will normally create, read,action, which will normally create, read,

update, or delete (CRUD for short) someupdate, or delete (CRUD for short) somesort of model part (often backed by asort of model part (often backed by adatabase) before choosing either to renderdatabase) before choosing either to rendera template or redirecting to another action.a template or redirecting to another action.Rails implements these actions as publicRails implements these actions as publicmethods on Action Controllers and usesmethods on Action Controllers and usesAction Views to implement the templateAction Views to implement the templaterendering.rendering.

Action ControllersAction Controllers

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Actions are grouped in the controllerActions are grouped in the controlleras methods instead of separateas methods instead of separatecommand objects and can thereforecommand objects and can therefore

share helper methods.share helper methods.Responsible for handling all the actionsResponsible for handling all the actionsrelating to a certain part of an application.relating to a certain part of an application.

This grouping usually consists of actionsThis grouping usually consists of actions for lists and for for lists and for CRUDsCRUDs revolving around arevolving around asingle (or a few) model objects.single (or a few) model objects.SoSo ContactControllerContactController might be responsiblemight be responsible

for listing contacts, creating, deleting, and for listing contacts, creating, deleting, andupdating contacts.updating contacts.AA WeblogControllerWeblogController could be responsiblecould be responsible

for both posts and comments to a for both posts and comments to a blogblog ..


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Example:Example:classclass BlogController BlogController < < ActionController ActionController ::Base::Base

def display def display

@customer = find_customer @customer = find_customer

end end

def updatedef update

@customer = find_customer @customer = find_customer

@customer.attributes = @@customer.attributes = @ params params ["customer"]["customer"]@customer.save [email protected] ?

redirect_to(:action => "display") :redirect_to(:action => "display") :

render("customer/edit")render("customer/edit")

end end

def find_customer()def find_customer()

Customer.find(@Customer.find(@ params params ["id"])["id"])

end end

end end

Action View FeaturesAction View Features

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Action ViewsAction Views

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Rails templates are written usingRails templates are written usingembedded Rubyembedded RubyLike JSP or ASP, Ruby code isLike JSP or ASP, Ruby code isembedded in tags that are mingled inembedded in tags that are mingled inwith the HTML.with the HTML.To avoid cluttering the templatesTo avoid cluttering the templateswith code, a bunch of helper classeswith code, a bunch of helper classesprovide common behavior for forms,provide common behavior for forms,dates, and strings.dates, and strings.Its easy to add your own specificIts easy to add your own specifichelpers to keep the separation as thehelpers to keep the separation as theapplication evolves.application evolves.


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Action Views

Example template:Example template:

Title: Title:

All post titles:All post titles:

Not for clients to see...Not for clients to see...

Rails vs. StrutsRails vs. Struts

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Rails is more focused on the goal (aRails is more focused on the goal (awebweb --application) than the means.application) than the means.Rails is a full, integrated solution and hasRails is a full, integrated solution and has

an answer for all three letters in MVC.an answer for all three letters in MVC.Struts is squarely focused on providing theStruts is squarely focused on providing thecontroller.controller.

Hibernate (often used with Struts) is just anHibernate (often used with Struts) is just anORM.ORM.Honorable mention: Spring is designed toHonorable mention: Spring is designed to

be more of a full solution.be more of a full solution.


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Actions and return valuesActions and return valuesAll actions in Struts must be mapped in anAll actions in Struts must be mapped in anXML file.XML file.

All return values use indirectionAll return values use indirection(SUCCESS/FAILURE) that must be mapped(SUCCESS/FAILURE) that must be mappedin an XML file.in an XML file.

In Rails, this is all handled by reflectionIn Rails, this is all handled by reflection(the framework figures out how the(the framework figures out how theconfiguration should look).configuration should look).


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Pretty URLsPretty URLsRails cares deeply about Pretty URLs, suchRails cares deeply about Pretty URLs, suchasas /customers/show/154/customers/show/154 . It's baked right into. It's baked right into

the framework.the framework.Struts exposes technology in the URLs andStruts exposes technology in the URLs andgenerally doesn't work hard to care for thegenerally doesn't work hard to care for the

beauty of the URL.beauty of the URL.(Third(Third --party addparty add --ons can alleviate that toons can alleviate that tosome degree).some degree).


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ActionsActionsStruts' actions are fullStruts' actions are full -- fledged classes. fledged classes.Rails actions are just methods.Rails actions are just methods.

For example:For example:The average code lines of code for anThe average code lines of code for anaction in Basecampaction in Basecamp [1][1] is 5.is 5.Look at any struts example and find anyLook at any struts example and find anyaction. It's not even funny.action. It's not even funny.

[1][1] BasecampBasecamp is a commercial, production webis a commercial, production web --app written withapp written withRails: http://www.Rails: http://www. basecamphqbasecamphq .com/.com/


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LayoutsLayoutsRails supports the concept of layoutsRails supports the concept of layoutsnatively.natively.

Struts requires the aid of Tiles,Struts requires the aid of Tiles,which in turnwhich in turn requires its own set of XMLrequires its own set of XML

files files for configuration for configuration ---- on top of what'son top of what's

already required in Struts!already required in Struts!


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ValidationValidationValidation in Struts requires the use of Validation in Struts requires the use of ActionFormsActionForms ..

These "model mirrors" have a 1 These "model mirrors" have a 1 - - 1 mapping to 1 mapping to your model files (most of the time), but use a your model files (most of the time), but use a different syntax. This means you are Repeating different syntax. This means you are Repeating Yourself.Yourself.

In Rails, validation is pushed to the model.In Rails, validation is pushed to the model. The The presentationresentation of validation errors are kept in of validation errors are kept in

the Action Controller.the Action Controller.


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Filters and InterceptorsFilters and InterceptorsRails has deep support for filters andRails has deep support for filters andinterceptors (running shared code beforeinterceptors (running shared code before

and after all actions).and after all actions).Struts has a research project called SAIFStruts has a research project called SAIFto get this type of support, but nothing into get this type of support, but nothing in

the main framework.the main framework.


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ScaffoldingScaffoldingRails has scaffolding to quickly bring aRails has scaffolding to quickly bring amodel class "online" (provides CRUDmodel class "online" (provides CRUD

operations without writing any code).operations without writing any code).Struts has no equivalent.Struts has no equivalent.


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Lines of CodeLines of CodeRails is implemented in about 2,000 lines of Rails is implemented in about 2,000 lines of Ruby code.Ruby code.

This is easily understandable by us mere This is easily understandable by us mere mortals.mortals.

Struts is implemented in about ??? Lines of Struts is implemented in about ??? Lines of Java code.Java code.

Is there anyone here that actually understands Is there anyone here that actually understands the internal implementation of Struts? the internal implementation of Struts?

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Resources for more informationResources for more information

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RubyRubyMain Ruby SiteMain Ruby Site

http://www.ruby http://www.ruby -- lang.org/en/ lang.org/en/

Ruby DocumentationRuby Documentation http://www.ruby http://www.ruby -- doc.org/ doc.org/

OneOne --Click Ruby Installer for WindowsClick Ruby Installer for Windows http:// http:// rubyinstaller rubyinstaller .. rubyforgerubyforge .org/ .org/

RubyForgeRubyForge open source project repositoryopen source project repository http:// http:// rubyforgerubyforge .org/ .org/

RailsRailsMain Rails SiteMain Rails Site http://www.http://www. rubyonrailsrubyonrails .org/ .org/

Installing RailsInstalling Rails
http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/http://www.ruby-doc.org/http://www.ruby-doc.org/http://www.ruby-doc.org/http://www.ruby-doc.org/http://www.ruby-doc.org/http://www.ruby-doc.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://rubyforge.org/http://rubyforge.org/http://rubyforge.org/http://rubyforge.org/http://rubyforge.org/http://rubyforge.org/http://www.rubyonrails.org/http://www.rubyonrails.org/http://www.rubyonrails.org/http://www.rubyonrails.org/http://www.rubyonrails.org/http://www.rubyonrails.org/http://www.rubyonrails.org/http://rubyforge.org/http://rubyinstaller.rubyforge.org/http://www.ruby-doc.org/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/

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1.1. Install RubyInstall RubyOn Windows you can use the OneOn Windows you can use the One --ClickClickinstaller. For other platforms, see the maininstaller. For other platforms, see the mainRuby web site.Ruby web site.

2.2. InstallInstall RubyGems RubyGems (a ruby package management system)(a ruby package management system)

Download fromDownload fromhttp://rubyforge.org/projects/rubygems/

Unpack the downloaded archive and inUnpack the downloaded archive and inthat directory run the command:that directory run the command:

ruby install.rb3.3. InstallInstall Rails Rails

From the command line execute:From the command line execute:gem install rails
http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubygems/http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubygems/http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubygems/

rails-04-10-29

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