rajan world inland fisheries
TRANSCRIPT
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OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL INLANDFISHERIES
PREPARED & PRESENTED BY:RAJAN KUMAR
FRM-MA2-01
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INTRODUCTION Inland fish production comprises of
Inland capture fisheries
aquaculture
Inland capture fisheries-imp.component of
fisheries
Discontinuous over the world landmass
Various component of inland fisheries are:
Riverine fisheries
Reservoir fisheries
Locustrine fisheries
Flood plains /wetland fisheries
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SIGNIFICANCE OF INLANDFISHERIES IN HUMAN DIET
Sixth major supplier of animal protien globally
In bangladesh inland fisheries represents over64% of animal protein produced
Nearly 38% of inland catch is produced in 71LIFDCs
Note: the figures are of 2007
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CONTRIBUTION OF INLAND FISHERIES TO GLOBALFISH PRODUCTION(FAO,SOFIA 2012)
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WORLD INLAND CAPTURE FISHPRODUCTION
11.2 million tonnes
An increase of 30% since 2004
India recorded increase in production by 0.54million tonnes over 2009
Myanmar & china by 0.10 million tonnes over2009
Asia's share is approaching 70% to globalproduction
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COMPARISON B/W INLAND & MARINECAPTURE FISHERIES
V/S
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TRENDS IN INLAND FISHERIESV/S TOTAL FISHERIES
Inland catches are increasing linearly by 2.93%/yr.From 1950 to 2009(review of R.L welcomme).
Global fish production is increasing @ 3.2% over aperiod of 1960-2009(SOFIA 2012)
Inland water capture production continued to growcontinuously,with an overall increase of 2.6 milliontonnes in the period 2004-2010
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FAO MAJOR INLAND FISHING AREA
Total there are 27 fishing areas
Out of them 8 are inland fishing areas The inland fishing areas are:
Africa(fishing area 01)
N. America(fishing area 02) S. America(fishing area 03)
Asia(fishing area 04)
Europe(fishing area 05) Oceania(fishing area 06)
Former USSR(fishing area 07)
Antarctica(fishing area 08)
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RIVER SYSTEM OF THE WORLD
Global river main channel length=269000km
Highest density in S. America and least inOceania
Rivers contribute substantially to inland capturedirectly or even indirectly through flood plains.
Catches from rivers are often underestimated
Major river system of world are: Nile(6690 km);Amazon(6296 km); Ganga(2506 km) & Mekong
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RESERVOIRS OF THE WORLD
> 60,000 Large resevoirs in world(>15m damheight).
400,000 km2 in water surface & 6500 km3 in
volume. Asia 65% in number & 31% in volume.
Asia tops in reservoirs in terms of area followed
by north America. Major reservoirs of world:LAKE VOLTA (8482 KM2)
GHANA;SMALL WOOD RESERVOIR (6527KM2)CANADA.KUYBYSHEV RESERVOIR (645O
KM2
)RUSSIA.
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LAKES OF WORLD Perennial lakes=1.7 million km2
Large lakes(>100km2)=1 million km2
N. america is leading in lake surface area.
Large no. of lakes are present in temperate region.
Lakes are less common in tropical asia Tonle sap lake in combodia & lake tempe in Indonesia
are imp. From fisheries point of view.
East africa is also endowed with several lakes of
fishery importance.
Imp. Lakes are caspian sea, superior ,victoria &tanganyika
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FLOOD PLAINS OF THE WORLD
Low lying inundated by lateral flow of riverdefines flood plain
Swamps ,marshes & other wetlands= 4 million
km2
Highly nutrient rich ecosystem
Can sustain considerable fishing pressure.
GLOBAL INLAND WATER
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GLOBAL INLAND WATERDISTRIBUTION (FAO)
O
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CONTINENTS BY TREND
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INLAND FISHERIES TREND INDIFFERENT PART OF ASIA
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INLAND FISHERIES TREND INDIFFERENT PARTS OF AFRICA
INLAND FISHERIES TREND IN
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INLAND FISHERIES TREND INDIFFERENT PART OF AMERICA &
EUROPE
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MAIN GROUPS OF ORGANISMS CAUGHT BYINLAND FISHERIES FROM 1959 TO 2009
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MAIN GROUPS OF ORGANISMS CAUGHT BYINLAND FISHERIES(%) FROM 1959 TO 2009
IMPORTANT FAMILY
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IMPORTANT FAMILYCONTRIBUTING TO INLAND
CATCH
CICHLIDS & CYPRINIDS TWO IMP FAMILIES
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CICHLIDS & CYPRINIDS-TWO IMP. FAMILIESOF INLAND FISH
10 categories of cichlids are reported
Tilapia accounts for 87% of them.
53 taxonomic categories of cyprinids are reported incatches of various countries.
IMP SPS OF DIFFERENT
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IMP. SPS. OF DIFFERENTFISHING AREA
AFRICA- Nile perch, Tilapia, Grass carp, Africancatfish, Mullets
N. America- Tilapia, Common carp, White fish,catfishes, River prawns
S. America- Characins, Silueroids, rainbowTrout, River prawn
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CONTD...............
Asia- common carp, silver carp, asian barbs,Tilapia, snakeheads, Giant prawns
Europe- F.W Bream, Trout, Northern pike,Salmon, Sprat
Oceania-Tilapia, River eels, Catfish , Giantperch
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INLAND RESOURCES OF ASIA
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RECENT PRODUCTION IN ASIA
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TREND IN ASIAN INAND FISHERIES
NOTE: THE TOTAL PRODUCTION FOR ALL REGIONS INCREASESTHROUGHOUT THE PERIOD @ MEAN RATE OF 3.8%/YR. OVER1950-2009
ADJUSTED CATCH STATISTICS FOR
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ADJUSTED CATCH STATISTICS FORASIA
Rapid growth b/w 1950 &1970s
Relatively stable plateau frommid 1970 until the early 1990s
Rapid growth period until theturn of the century
Then again a relatively stableperiod from 2000 onwards
Revised statistics show indicatesdifferent trend than originalFAO.
FEATURES OF ASIAN INLAND
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FEATURES OF ASIAN INLANDFISHERIES
Inland fisheries is sixth(3.02%) most important sourceof animal protein while fish as whole accounts for49%(2009)
Inland fisheries in asia is mostly artisanal
In large water bodies mechanised purse seiner are
operared like in china & in small number in Thailand
In Myanmar & srilanka motorized crafts are banned ininland fishery
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CONTD....... Mostly depend on indegenous sps.
In china chinese carp & in India & BangladeshIMC
In Thailand indegenous catfish & snakehead
sps. & in some waters freshwater clupeids,theriver spat.
But in Sri lanka inland fisheries is dependent on
exotic tilapias. In vietnam also alien fish form major fishery but
shift towards indegenous sps. Is being seenrecently.
RECREATIONAL FISHERIES IN
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RECREATIONAL FISHERIES ININLAND WATERS
Usually conducted with rod & line with /withoutbait or some local method.
More popular in temperate zones particularly
Europe & N. America But explosive growth is found in transition areas
of Africa , Asia & Latin america
Imp sps : Rainbow trout, Brown trout, Largecatfishes , Tor sp , Nile perch etc.
AQUATIC PLANTS FROM INLAND
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AQUATIC PLANTS FROM INLANDWATERS
Very few recods aremaintained.
Only recorded in few
countries in Asia & N.America
Lack of data severelydistorts the value
placed on Inlandwaters & wetlandresources
PROBLEMS FACED BY INLAND
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PROBLEMS FACED BY INLANDFISHERIES
Bad/inexistant fishery management
Water abstraction
Land drainage
Dam construction
Pollution/eutrophication
Climate variability/change
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MANAGEMENT MEASURES
Transboundary talks
Ranching activities
River protection programme
Fish passes & by passes
Protected areas/season
Genetic consevation
Pollution control
DAM CONSTRUCTION V/S
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INLAND FISHERIES Dam seriously affect the natural pre existing fishery
by preventing migration and changing hydro-dynamics in its vicinity
Adds considerable through reservoir fishery:
examples of productive reservoir fisheries upto329 kg/ha/yr in small reservoirs in Africa , up to 125kg/ha/yr in Latin America and the Caribbean andup to 650 kg/ha/yr in Asia.
Provision of fish passes are quite developed in N.America and Europe
Increasingly user pay principle is applied in pass
construction
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ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILTY INDEX &
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SUSTAINABILTY INDEX &INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES
Environment sustainabilty is gaining importance
most potential concern are the inland fisheries
countries for which the ESI ranges frommoderately low to low & whose production isdecreasing over the past decade
Fortunately, only ten countries among 133 fall
into this category.
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INLAND FISHERIES & HUMAN
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INLAND FISHERIES & HUMANDEVELOPMENT INDEX
The HDI is divided into three ranges: high (>0.80),medium (>0.5), and low (
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INCREASING INLAND CATCHREALITY OR A PARADOX
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REALITY OR A PARADOX Inland catch is increasing @ 3% annum globally
But one section of experts says that may be due to betterdocumentation of catch in recent years.
Recent FAO Big Number project estimated inland catch tobe somewhere near 14 million tonnes.
Several weaknesses are apparent in the existing statisticsincluding:
inadequate data collections systems;
selective data collection; Most countries do not specify their sampling and
reporting procedures so it is difficult to compareresults between countries
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CONCLUSIVE REMARKS
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Commercial catches in F.W. Fisheries in Australia,Europe and N.America is declining
In certain cases economic factors are alsoresponsible for decline in catch e.g Cuba andcountries of former USSR
Another effect is spread of certain sps. Around theworld e.g Tilapia effecting other sps.
Better documentation and sampling provcedure are
followed In general world's inland fisheries still appear viable
although damming,environmental issue andoverexploitation pose a potential threat to it.
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REFERENCES
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REFERENCES Welcomme,R.2011.Review of the state of the
world fishery resoueces:Inland Fisheries.97pp.
Welcomme,R.2003.Review of the state of theworld fishery resoueces:Inland Fisheries.60pp.
FAO.2012.The state of world fisheries &aquaculture.Rome.209pp.
AFPIC.2010.Inland fisheries resource
enhancement and conservation in Asia.Bangkok.189pp.
Jayakumar,N.2007.Manual on Inlandfisheries.109pp.
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