Occupational health hazards

Rajeshwar reddy intern

DEFINITION

CONTENTS

According to WHO & ILO

“The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical,

mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations – total

health of all at work”

DEFINITION

RISK- the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

HAZARD- any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.

Physical HazardsChemical HazardsBiological HazardsMechanical HazardsPsychosocial Hazards

OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

HEAT COLD LIGHT NOISE VIBRATION RADIATION

PHYSICAL FACTORS

CHEMICAL HAZARD

PHYSICAL HAZARD

BIOLOGICAL HAZARD

ERGONOMIC HAZARD

HEAT causes heat stroke,cramps,burns,increased fatigue,decreased efficiency

:

COLD :

Chilblains,frost bite,immersion foot,cutaneous vasoconstricion,erythrocyanosis & hypothermia

Poor illumination leads to eye strain, headache,congesion around cornea & minor’s nystagmus.

Excessive brightness leads to blurring of vision & visual fatigue.

LIGHT:

Auditory effects:

Temporary or permanent hearing loss.

Non-auditory effects:

Nervousness , fatigue & decreased efficiency of the worker.

NOISE:

Causes white fingers(spasm of fine blood vessels of the hand),injuries of joints.

VIBRATION:

UV radiation exposure causes welder’s flash(intense keratoconjuctivitis),eye pain and lachrymation.

Ionising radiation causes skin cancers , genetic changes and sterility .

RADIATION:

LOCAL ACTION

DUSTS

INGESION

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Causes dermatitis,ulcers and eczema by primary irritant action.

LOCAL ACTION:

Enters through inhalation and causes pneumoconiosis.

DUSTS:

Causes abdominal colic ,loss of apetite,anemia and constipation.

INGESION:

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS:

VIRUSESFUNGI

BACTERIA PARASITES

Bacterial-leptospirosis,anthhrax,tuberculosis& tetanus.

Viral- encephalitis & hepatitis A & E

Parasitic- schistosomiasis & hydatidosis.

Machines and moving parts leads to accidents in the industries.

MECHANICAL HAZARDS

Stress , aggressiveness , lack of job satisfaction , insecurity , poor human relations undermines both physical and mental health of the workers.

PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS

MAJOR OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

SILICOSIS ANTHRACOSIS BYSSANOSIS BAGGASOSIS ASBESTOSIS FARMER’S LUNG DISEASES

PNEUMOCONIOSIS:

Occurance – mining ,pottery ,ceramic , metal grinding , iron & steel industry.Pathology-nodular fibrosis ranging from 3-4 mm mainly in the upper lobes.C/F-irritant cough ,dyspnea , chest pain & decreased lung capacity.

SILICOSIS:

Occurrence-coal minesPathology-fibrosis of the lungC/F-respiratory disability and ventilatory impairment

ANTHRACOSIS:

Occurrence-spinning mills and textile industry.Pathology-chronic bronchitis and empysema.C/F- chronic cough and dyspnea

BYSSANOSIS:

Occurrence-sugar cane industry .Organism-themoactinomycetes sachariPathology-acute bronchiolitis& fibrosis of the lung.C/F-hemoptysis,cough and breathlessness.

BAGGASOSIS:

Occrence-cement factories, fireproofs,break lining and roof tiling.Pathology-pulmonary fibrosis,carcinoma of bronchus and mesothelioma of lung.C/F-cough and dyspnea.,sputum shows asbestos bodies.

ASBESTOSIS:

Occure due to inhalation of hay or grain dust.Organism-micropolyspora faeniC/F-pulmonary fibrosis and cor pulmonale.

FARMER’S LUNG DISEASE:

Occurrence-battery industries,ship building,printing& potteries,rubber industry & automobiles.Mode of absorption-inhalation ingesion absorption through skin C/F-abdominal colic,anemia,basophilic stipulation,blue line on gums,mental confusion and delirium.Diagnosis-coproporphyrin& aminolevulinic acid in urine and lead level in blood& urine.

LEAD POISONING:

SKIN CANCER

LUNG CANCER

BLADDER CANCER

LEUKEMIA

OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS:

Human factors- age sex time experience psychological factorsEnvironmental factors-noise poor illumination unsafe machines

ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRIES

PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

1.PRE-PLACEMENT EXAMINATION

2.PERIODICAL EXAMINATION

3.MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE SERVICES

4.NOTIFICATION

5.MAINTENANCE & ANALYSIS OF RECORDS

6.HEALTH EDUCATION & COUNSELLING

MEDICAL MEASURES:

1.DESIGN OF BUILDING2.GOOD HOUSE-KEEPING3.GOOD VENTILATION4.SUBSTITUTION5.ISOLATION6.LOCAL EXAUST VENTILATION7.CONTROL OF DUSTS8.PROTECTIVE DEVICES

ENGINEERING MEASURES:

Factories act(1948): Health,safety,welfare Employment of young Hours of work Leave with wages Notifible diseases Employment in hazardous area

LEGISLATION:

MEDICAL BENEFIT SICKNESS BENEFIT MATERNITY BENEFIT DISABLEMENT BENEFIT DEPENDANT’S BENEFIT FUNERAL EXPENSES REHABITILATION

E.S.I. ACT

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