rakesh vohra kellogg school of management northwestern university cs and econ
TRANSCRIPT
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RAKESH VOHRA
KELLOGG SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
CS and ECON
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Brief History of Interactions
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Brief History of Interactions
So, 5 minutes?
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What is CS?
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What is CS?
Conception has changed over time
Subjects once central have moved to the periphery, e.g., Numerical Analysis
Subjects once on the periphery are closer to the center, e.g., statistics (data mining, clustering, classification, inference)
Border is porus; Combinatorial Optimization, Graph Theory, Combinatorics, Logic
Even with subfields there is enormous variance, e.g., AI.
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What is ECON?
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What is ECON?
Debate about it's definition, scope and label since inception.
Whatley: Catallactics (Science of Exchange)
Robbins :`is the science which studies human behavior
as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.'
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Obvious Similarities
Vintage (Victorian)
Employment of Mathematics (discrete vs. continuous)
Imperial: each holds a perspective that is believed to have universal application
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John von Neuman
Game Theory
Duality theorem of linear programming.
Cellular automata.
Merge Sort algorithm (according to Knuth)
Pseudorandom numbers
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Gaspard de Prony (1755-1839)
Charged to produce log and trig tables to between 14 and 29 decimal places.
Inspired by Adam Smith's analysis of division of labor
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Gaspard de Prony (1755-1839)
`I conceived all of a sudden the idea of applying the same method to the immense work with which I had been burdened, and to manufacture logarithms as one would manufacture pins'.
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de Prony’s Machine
Hierarchy of 3 levels
Top: Adrien Legendre and Lazare Carnot:decided on the formulas to be used
in the calculations.
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de Prony’s Machine
Middle: Given the mathematical formulas to be used, organized the computations and compiled the results ready for printing.
Bottom: 60-80 unemployed hairdressers who performed the actual computations that required only addition and subtraction.
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Babbage
On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (1835)
Introduces notion of economies scale.
Division of labor impacts not just output, but wages.
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Babbage
“The present volume may be considered as one of the consequences that have resulted from the Calculating-Engine, the construction of which I have been so long superintending.”
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Algorithms
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Algorithms in Economics
Procedure, Process, Protocol, Tatonnement and Mechanism
Proposal algorithm
Top Trading Cycle Algorithm
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Algorithms in Economics
Ascending Auctions
Fictitious Play
Backward Induction
Rationalizability
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Algorithm as Existence Proof
Stable Matching and House Allocation
Rationalizability of Preferences
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Algorithm as Mechanism
Auctions
Preference Aggregation - Consensus methods
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Algorithm as Model/Dynamic
Hannan Theorem/Experts Theorem
Approachability
Reinforcement learning
Search Models in Matching Markets
Replicator Dynamics
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Complexity
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Complexity: Bounded Rationality
Herbert Simon
Bounded Depth Automata
Incomplete Contracts
Imitability
Organizational Design (Babbage and de Prony!)
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Complexity: Communication
Organizational Design
Size of Message Spaces
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Complexity: Computation
Hardness of Computing Equilibrium
Hardness of Manipulation (voting, forecasting)
MDP's
Groebner basis
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Complexity: Description
Kolmogorov-Entropy
Strategies in Repeated Games
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Complexity: Learning
VC dimension
Vapnik-Chervonenkis
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Mediation, Trust & Privacy
Reputation/Repetition
Implementation without a mediator
Multiparty computation
Preference revelation
Indirect vs. Direct mechanisms
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Epistemology
Role of Knowledge in Games
e-mail game, general's dilemma
TARK
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Social Networks
Formation
Information Transmission
Distribution of wealth, income