ralf siebenmorgen köln 2012 ism dust model monte carlo dust radiative transfer proto-planetary...
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![Page 1: Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012 ISM dust model Monte Carlo dust radiative transfer Proto-planetary disks: ring-like structures PAH destruction in proto-planetary](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5517a54555034645368b5c30/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
ISM dust model Monte Carlo dust radiative transfer
Proto-planetary disks: ring-like structures
PAH destruction in proto-planetary disks
Ralf Siebenmorgen, Frank Heymann,Nikolai Voshchinikov, Endrik Krűgel
Peter Scicluna (PhD)
PAH in 3D
Shadows, gaps and ring-like
structures in proto-planetary disks
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Si + aC : 60Å < a < 0.2-0.3µm ~ a-3.5
Graphite : 5Å < a < 80 Å ~ a-3.5 PAH : 30, 200 C
ISM dust
solar
neighborhood Abundances [X/H in ppm]: 31Si + 150aC + 50gr + 30PAH
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
PAH absorption
cross section
+‘’2200” bump
Malloci et al. (2007)
Verstraete et al. 1992
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012 Siebenmorgen et al. (2001,2007)
Nucleus of NGC1808 PAH
emission
cross section
starbursts
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Linear polarisation
Serkowski~Voshchinnikov (2012)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Extinction: Prolate/
Sphere
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
ISM dustFitzpatrick (99)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
NGC2023
HD37903
Dust model :
- Extinction
- Emission
- Polarisation
8μmPeeters et al. 2012
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Albedo
Extinction
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Emission
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Polarisatio
n
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Circular polarisation of dust:
oblate versus prolate
~maximum of linear polarisation
x
~Voshchinnikov (2002, 2012)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
ISMKrügel&Siebenmorgen (1994)
Homogenous
versus
composite grains
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Arbitrary dust distribution Pseudo adaptive mesh
1. geometry
3D Monte CarloRadiative
Transfer
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
1. geometry
2. source
Source emits “photon packages” of equal
energy
Monte
Carlo
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
1. geometry
2. source
3. inter-action
4. dust temperature
absorption / scattering / no interaction
Monte Carlo = - ln(ζ)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Photons escape model cloud
Monte Carlo
1. geometry
2. source
3. inter-action
4. temperature
5. detection
6. Lightechos:
time as 4th
dimension?
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
• Multiple photons at a time:
vectorized
MC 100 x faster
Challenges:
Cell locked when hit by photon
Parallel random number
generator (Mersene Twister)
Graphical Processing Units
(CUDA)
Heymann & Siebenmorgen (2012)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
K06 : Krügel (2006)
Dusty : Iveciz et al. (1999)
Dust sphere: AV = 1000mag, heated by
star
Comparison of 2 ray tracing codes
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Sphere
T* = 2500Kρ(r) = const.
AV=10
1
100 1000 mag
~5% for 0
MC versus
benchmark
Heymann & Siebenmorgen (2012)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Method Parallelization AdvantageTime
Benchmarksphere τ~1000)
Lucy YES (but floating) Optical thin >1h
Bjorkman & Wood
Partly(not
independent)No iteration 5min
our YES GPU <1min
MC
methods
Heymann & Siebenmorgen (2012)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
3Dproto-planetary disk
+ spiral
MHD (Fargo) density
T* = 5800KL * = L
sun
Av =10mag
8au3au
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
ELT 42mPAH imaging
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
D = 50pc50mas
at 11.3μm
PSF dual band + coronograph
ELT 42mPAH imaging
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
D = 50pc50mas
at 11.3μm
MIR imaging
gap
/px
(μJy
/px)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Shadows in planet forming disks
Gaps and ring-like structures:
... are caused by hydrostatic + radiation balance
without
the need to postulate a companion/planet
(Siebenmorgen & Heymann, 2012).
PAH emission from disks:
Low / high detection statistics of PAH in
T Tauri / Herbig Ae stars is consistent with
X-ray destruction of PAH (Siebenmorgen & Krűgel 2010).
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Armitage’07
Lagrange et al, β Pic planet
detection, Science’10:
“…validates the use of
disk structures as
fingerprints of
embedded planets.”
Gaps and ring-like structures in
hydro-dynamical simulations
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Radiative transfer1D slab geometry
?
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Puffed up inner rimDullemond et
al.2001
Kama et al. 2010
Shadow
Tmid - lower
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Puffed up second rim
Tmid - warmer
Shadow
Tmid - lower
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Puffed up third rim
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
0)
II)
Hydrostatic and
radiation balance
I) T(x,y,z) by MC
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Proto-planetary
disk models
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
T Tauri
disk
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Gaps and ring-like
structures
without planet
extinction
layer (photosphere)
τ(zbot) :=1
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Gaps and ring-like
structures in the
mid-IR emission
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
Gaps and ring-like
structures in scattered
light
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
PAH detection statistics
PAH excitation /
destruction
PAH emission from disksPAH in 3D
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
PAH in a mono-energetic heating bath
if | Uf – Ui – hν | < ½ ΔUf : Afi = Kν Fν / hν
Siebenmorgen & Krűgel (2010) PAH emission from disks
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
store PAH
absorption events
of each cell
compute PAH
emission
neglect PAH self
absorption
Monte Carlo + PAH
PAH emission from disks
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Shadows in planet forming disksPAH emission from disks
MC versus
benchmark
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Shadows in planet forming disks
Eo
PAH destructionUnimolecular
dissociation
1) single hard photon : independent of
distance
2) many soft photons : ~AU
Arrhenius form:tdis ~ exp(Eo/kT) / ν0 « tcool ~ 1s
Tmin = Eo/k ln(ν0) ~2000K; Eo ~ 5eV; ν0 = 1013Hz
ΔE = 3Nc kTmin ~ 0.1 Nc.Eb => Nc < 2 ΔE /[eV]
PAH unstable
Siebenmorgen & Krűgel (2010)
T [K]
time
tcool
tabs ~ 1h
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Shadows in planet forming disks
Stationary disk
Sufficient X-ray photons?
α
ℓτ = 1
z
I
}
# C in PAH # hard γ absorption/sec
‘PAH removal time’ << T Tauri pahse
top extinction layer Σℓ= α/κ
= hν ∙ 4πr2/Lκ
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Shadows in planet forming disks
Vertical mixing
ℓ /v┴ = texp > tdis
Disk lifetime => PAH replenishment
Siebenmorgen & Krűgel (2010)
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Shadows in planet forming disksPAH emission from disks
T Tauri
PAH emission from disksPAH in 3D
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Shadows in planet forming disks
Mid-IR emission from Herbig disks
Siebenmorgen & Heymann (2012)
PAH in 3D
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Shadows in planet forming disks
Shadows in planet forming disks
Dust model for:
extinction, emission, linear and circular polarisation
Gaps and ring-like structures:
... are caused by hydrostatic + radiation balance
without
the need to postulate a companion/planet
(Siebenmorgen&Heymann, 2012).
PAH emission from disks:
Low / high detection statistics of PAH in T Tauri /
Herbig Ae stars is consistent with X-ray destruction of
PAH (Siebenmorgen & Krűgel 2010).
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Ralf Siebenmorgen Köln 2012
PAH band ratios:ionisation dehydrogenation
PAH emission from disks
Galiano et al.’08