ralph tyler :basic principles of curriculum and instruction
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Franklin BobbittFranklin Bobbitt
John DeweyJohn Dewey
Ralph W. tylerRalph W. tyler
Curriculum and instruction Curriculum and instruction
Basic Principles of Basic Principles of
Ralph W. Tyler
The bookis not a text book -- ~ provide comprehensive guidance and reading for a course
is not a manual for curriculum construction --
~describe and outline in detail the steps to be taken...
Outlines one way of viewing an instructional program as a functioning instrument of education.
note : introduction p.53
4 Questions in developing curriculum and planning instruction
What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?
What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to achieve these purposes?
How can these educational experiences be effectively organized ?
How can we determined whether these purposes are being attained?
(p.51)
What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?
★If an educational program is to be planned ...it is very necessary to have some conception of the goals that are being aimed at.
★Educational Objectives become the criteria by which
✴ materials are selected,
✴ content is outlined
✴ instructional procedure are developed
✴ tests and examinations are prepared
(p 52 pg.1)
If we are to study an educational program systematically and
intelligently
we must first be sure as to the Educational Objectives aimed at.
p.52 pg.1
Objectives
Matters of Choice
the considered value judgment
Philosophy
sources of Education objectivesp.52 pg.2...
(How are objectives obtained)
Studies of the Learners Themselves
Studies of Contemporary Life Outside the School
Suggestions About Objectives from Subject Specialists
Controversy between
Essentialists Progressivev.s
Subject Specialists Child Psychologists
The large body of knowledge collected over many thousands of years :
cultural heritage
THE BASIC SOURCES OF EDUCATION OBJECTIVES
Studying the child’s interests, problems,
purposes...
Controversy between
Sociologists Educational Philosophersv.s
Contemporary Society;
THE BASIC SOURCES OF EDUCATION OBJECTIVES
Basic values in life : Transmitted from a
generation to anotherCritical problems of contemporary life
the School to deal with
provides
Attitudes
SkillsKnowledges Educational Philosophy
NO single source of information is adequate to provide a basis for wise & comprehensive
decisions
*******
Objectives
sources of Education objectivesp.52 pg.2...
(How are objectives obtained)
Studies of the Learners Themselves
Studies of Contemporary Life Outside the School
Suggestions About Objectives from Subject Specialists
Studies of the Learners Themselves
Education is a process of changing the
behavior patterns of people
Thinking Overt ActionFeeling
Studies of the Learners Themselves
Studies of the Learners Themselves
What Knowledge Is of Most Worth ?
Contemporary Life Outside the School
the greatly increased body of Knowledge
the advent of Science
the Industrial Revolution
difficulty
Studies of Contemporary Life Outside the Schoolp.54
Arguments for Analyzing Contemporary Life in order to get suggestions for Educational Objectives.
• Contemporary Life is so complex and life is continually changing...do not waste time in learning things 50 years ago important.
Studies of Contemporary Life Outside the Schoolp.54
Arguments for Analyzing Contemporary Life in order to get suggestions for Educational Objectives.
• The belief in transfer of training : using “trained mind” to the conditions...
Life & learning situations
the two situations were obviously alike in many respects
the students was given practices in seeking illustrations in his life outside school for the application of things learned in school.
Essentialists
Contemporary Life Outside the School
The Criticized issues of using
ActivitiesSole Basis
AS SOURCES OF EDUCATION OBJECTIVES
of a
larg
e nu
mbe
rs o
f
peop
le harm
ful
Presentism
Suggestions About Objectives from Subject Specialists
Most common used in typical schools and colleges.
Subject Specialists’ propose are too technical,too specialized; inappropriate for a large number of the school students.
Too specialized for the layman.
too Specialized in objectives lead to the deeper conceptions of the subject fields ????
Suggestions About Objectives from Subject Specialists
•Knowledge
•Skills
•Habits
✴Modes of Thinking
✴Critical Interpretation
✴Emotional Reactions
✴Interests
•Knowledge
•Skills
•Habits
✴Improvement of health practices ; attitudes and knowledges / diseases spread / precautions
✴Use and conservation of natural resources
✴Provision of a satisfying world-picture (relation of man and nature)
Science
Suggestion
...read a report of subject groups , jot down the interpretation then formulate a list of
educational objectives . it is likely to be suggested by various
subject groups from their report...
Thank you for your participation.
BlessingSoontaree,K
Thank you for your participation.
BlessingSoontaree,K
general education