RANA Ammad Bin Sadiq

Institute of Geo-technology

T U Bergakademie Freiberg

Presentation out line

Stresses in the earth crust

The importance of stress

The measurement of stress

Borehole breakouts

Hydraulic Fracturing

Stress

Stress is "force per unit area" - the ratio of applied force (F) and cross section(A) - defined as "force per area F/A”.

Rock Stresses

In-situ Stresses

e.g Tectonic stresses

Induced Stressese.g Mining , drilling etc.

CHILE and DIANE assumptions

Flat Jack Method

Hydraulic Fracturing & Hydraulic test on pre-existing fractures

Overcoring

Doorstopper Methods

Conical Strain Cell

Deep Door Stopper Gauge SYSTEM (DDSG )

Borehole Slotter

Core Discing

Deep borehole in use

Deep boreholes in earthKola Super deep Borehole Russia

German Continental Deep Drilling Program(KTB), Germany

Identification of Borehole Breakout

Orientation and detection of Borehole Breakout Methods to Determine the Borehole Breakout include

Ultrasonic Borehole Imager (UBI)

Formation Micro Images (FMI)

Cross section of Borehole

Ultrasonic Borehole Image

Drilling Induced Fractures

Centerline Fracture

Petal Fracture

Handling Fracture

Application of Borehole breakouts Evaluation of Regional Stress Regime.

Geomechanical well bore stability analysis for oil and gas production.

Rock Engineering (Tunnels, mine, Shafts, Caverensetc.)

Geothermal Energy.

Geomechanical wellbore stability modeling

Witten

Ruhr-Bochum University

Ruhr-Bochum University

Dilatometer TestDilatometermessungen膨胀仪测试

Drilling Auger

Sample/Cores

Insitu Dilatometer Test

Nitrogen Gas Cylinder for Pressurizing Dilatometer

Dilatometer Data Recording set

Inserting of Dilatometer in Borehole

Result of Dilatometer Test

Performing Dilatometer Test

Hydraulic Fracturing Testhydraulischen Bruchtest水力压裂

Hydraulic Fracturing (How it looks)

Assembly of HF Unit

Packers of Different Sizes

Pressure Control System

Surface Recording of Data

Impression of Induced Fracture

Impression of Induced Fracture

Imprints of Fracture

Equipment for downhole Imaging

Calculations for Hydraulic Fracturing

Calculations for Hydraulic Fracture

Orientation of Stresses

Special Equipment for Deep Hot Dry Rocks

Deep Borehole Simulator

Control Unit for Deep borehole Simulator

Hydraulic Fracture Tests in Small Core (At Laboratory)

Drilling of Small Hole in Core

Drill hole in Small Cores

Preparation for the Test

Triaxial Chamber and Small Core

Preparation for the test

Set up for Hydraulic Fracturing at Small Scale

Pressure Pumps

Hydraulic Fracture Test at small scale

Recording of Results for Small Scale HF Test

Core after Hydraulic Fracturing Test

Initiation and propagation of Fracture

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