Ranchers and Farmers Pages 609-620• Closing of the Frontier

• Cattle Drives• Homesteads

• Plight of the Farmer• Grange• Farmers’ Alliance

TheThe

CattleCattle

TrailsTrails

TheThe

CattleCattle

TrailsTrails

Land Use: 1880sLand Use: 1880sLand Use: 1880sLand Use: 1880s

New New AgriculturalAgriculturalTechnologyTechnology

New New AgriculturalAgriculturalTechnologyTechnology

““Prairie Fan”Prairie Fan”Water PumpWater Pump

Steel Plow [“Sod Steel Plow [“Sod Buster”]Buster”]

Barbed WireBarbed WireBarbed WireBarbed Wire

Joseph Joseph GliddenGliddenJoseph Joseph GliddenGlidden

African African AmericanAmerican

“Exoduster”“Exoduster”HomesteaderHomesteader

ss

African Americans Moving WestAfrican Americans Moving West

Homesteads From Public LandsHomesteads From Public LandsHomesteads From Public LandsHomesteads From Public Lands

Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890

The Realty--A Pioneer’s Sod House, The Realty--A Pioneer’s Sod House, SDSD

The Realty--A Pioneer’s Sod House, The Realty--A Pioneer’s Sod House, SDSD

Rain Follows the Plow!Rain Follows the Plow!Rain Follows the Plow!Rain Follows the Plow!

Frederick Jackson TurnerFrederick Jackson TurnerFrederick Jackson TurnerFrederick Jackson Turner

The Significance of the Frontier The Significance of the Frontier in American Societyin American Society (1893)(1893)

Price Indexes for Price Indexes for Consumer & Farm Consumer & Farm

Products: 1865-1913Products: 1865-1913

Price Indexes for Price Indexes for Consumer & Farm Consumer & Farm

Products: 1865-1913Products: 1865-1913

Founder of the Founder of the National Grange of National Grange of

the Patrons of the Patrons of Husbandry (1867)Husbandry (1867)

Founder of the Founder of the National Grange of National Grange of

the Patrons of the Patrons of Husbandry (1867)Husbandry (1867)

The Grange The Grange MovementMovementThe Grange The Grange MovementMovement

First organized in the 1870s in First organized in the 1870s in the Midwest, the south, and the Midwest, the south, and Texas.Texas.

Set up cooperative associations.Set up cooperative associations.

Social and educational Social and educational components.components.

Succeeded in lobbying for Succeeded in lobbying for “Granger Laws“Granger Laws.”.”

Rapidly declined by the late Rapidly declined by the late 1870s1870s..

The Farmers The Farmers AlliancesAlliances

The Farmers The Farmers AlliancesAlliances Begun in the late 1880s (Texas first Begun in the late 1880s (Texas first

the the Southern AllianceSouthern Alliance; then in the ; then in the Midwest Midwest the the Northern AllianceNorthern Alliance).).

Excluded African American farmers – Excluded African American farmers – Colored Farmers’ National AllianceColored Farmers’ National Alliance

Built upon the ashes of the Grange.Built upon the ashes of the Grange.

More political and less social than More political and less social than the Grange.the Grange.

Ran candidates for office.Ran candidates for office.

Controlled 8 state legislatures & had Controlled 8 state legislatures & had 4747representatives in Congress during representatives in Congress during the 1890s.the 1890s.

United United We We

Stand, Stand, Divided Divided We FallWe Fall

United United We We

Stand, Stand, Divided Divided We FallWe Fall

In 1889 both In 1889 both the Northern andthe Northern andSouthern AlliancesSouthern Alliancesmerged into one—merged into one—the the Farmers’ Farmers’ AllianceAlliance..