CHAPTER 18: SECTION 4

Ranching and Farming

Made by: Valerie & Morgan

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What To Do:

Identify the Cattle Kingdom. Explain why the cattle boom ended. Identify the Exodusters. Identify the hardships that farmers faced

on the Plains.

Vocabulary from “Google” Longhorns- an animal breed of cattle

with long horns Vaquero- a cowboy; a cattle drive (in

Spanish-speaking parts of the U.S.) Sodbuster- a farmer or farm worker who

plows the land

Driving Cattle To Market

Longhorns – stray cattle from Spanish and Mexican ranches; wild cattle

After the Civil War the demand for beef increased; didn’t depend on buffalo anymore.

Cattle Drives – long trips taking

longhorns to Kansas & Missouri.

Cowhands’ Life

Cowhands- people who kept cattle moving and rounded up the strays. (a rough job on the road)

Vaqueros- taught cowhands how to ride, rope, and brand cattle (skilled riders who tended cattle in ranches)

The Cattle Boom

Cattle Kingdom-the rise of the cattle industry

Ranchers-let their cattle run free on open range

Brand-a symbol cowhands burned into their cattle’s hide(each ranch had its own brand)

The Cattle Boom

Water was scarce and ranchers fought over waterholes and streams(cattle ranchers also fought over grass with sheep ranchers)

Bad weather speeded the end of the Cattle Boom(bitter winters killed millions of cattle)

Farmers On Plains

Homestead – the government gave 160 acres of land to anyone who had farmed for five years. The government wanted to encourage farmers to settle in the West. It also wanted to give poor people in the east a chance to own their own farms.(only about 20% of the land went to small farmers)

Farmers On Plains

Homesteaders- Easterners who rushed to accept the offer of free land.

Big Land-owning Companies- took the large areas of land illegally.

Exodusters- A group of African Americans who wanted to move to Kansas for homestead land (1879) (named after the book Exodus in the Bible)

Farmers On Plains An army general wrote to President

Hayes “Every river landing is blockaded by white enemies of the colored exodus, some of the whom are armed and mounted.”

40,000 to 70,000 African Americans moved to Kansas by 1881.

Geography and HistoryAdapting to the Plains

Houses of Sod-since wood was scarce, farmers built houses of sod(soil held by prairie grass roots)

Sod Busters-plains farmers Dry weather made little rain, so crops

died and pioneers feared grass fires

Women on the Plains

Women-made clothing, quilts, soap, candles, and other goods by hand

They cooked and preserved the food They educated children and treated the

sick or injured Helped with planting and harvesting When needed, they also helped with

building houses

End of Frontier

Eastern Indians were forced to move to Oklahoma in the 1830’s.

1885- the government bought back the land from Indians.

The last major land rush took place in Oklahoma, 1889.

Resources http://

www.ownbyphotography.com/newpage91.html http://

www.rustyspurr.com/rides-and-rates/cattle-drives

http://agriculture.mo.gov/animals/brandbook/ http://www.scottdavidmeyer.com/ http://home.earthlink.net/~

rrtrussell/chapter04/sodhouse.html http

://www.funnyjunk.com/Blow+on+your+screen+gently/funny-gifs/5181968/

Thank You!

Goodbye!My People Need Me!