rangifer tarandus

8/2/2019 Rangifer tarandus

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Rangifer tarandus

Reindeer and Caribou


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Classification ofReindeer and Caribou

Kingdom->AnimaliaPhylum-> ChordataClass-> Mammalia

Order->ArtiodactylaFamily-> Cervidae

Subfamily-> CapreolinaeGenus-> Rangifer

Species -> tarandus


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Basic Info Ruminate 4-5 feet tall Males- 350-400 lbs

Females 175-225 lbs Life Span- 12-15 years Walking speed- 4-5 mph Swimming speed- 2mph Both sexes have antlers


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ReindeerCaribou

Where are they found?


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Habitat pic

Habitat

Summer

Winter


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Body: short andstocky

Unique leg

circulation

Furry muzzle

Two types of fur

Wide hooved feet

ap a ons oEnvironment


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What do they eat?

Need to take in 12- 20 lbs offood a day

Spring and Summer Diet

Arctic cotton grass

Willow leaves

Mushrooms

Flower buds

Wi di


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Reindeer Moss

Winter diet

Slow growth = Slow

recovery

Rangifer tarandus

migration allows forsurvival

Really a lichen Reindeer have specialized rumen to digest


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Rumen population density

Bacteria in the gut has been found to fluctuateseasonally

Fluctuation due to diet change


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Competition?

Musk OxOvibos moschatus


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American MooseSubspecies: various

English ElkSubspecies: alces

Alces alces


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Who eats them?

Wolves

Grizzly

Bear

Arctic fox

And all those thatclean up after them


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Parasites

Studies with Svalbard Reindeer Parasites can decrease calf production Winter precipitation affects parasite populations Parasites help control overpopulation of reindeer


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Warning! Danger!

Old F l l d


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Migration

Older Females lead Spring: Males remain in wintering

grounds longer Fall: More of a mixed group for travel Fall: Hierarchy with Pregnant females

and those with babies at the top. Males

at the bottom


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Mating season

Males mature at

16-18 months Females mature at

28-29 months Rut occurs in fall Copulation is just

mere seconds long Males shed antlers

soon after rut


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Giving birth

Cows spread out

Very territorial Pregnancy lasts 8

months Claves born in early

June Calves are 6-20 lbsat birth


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Childhood Weight doubles in first two

weeks Remain with mother for about

2 years Caribou have strong mother

calf bond Rangifer tarandus will not take

care of orphans


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Rangifer tarandus

A keystone species?

Who would be effectedwithout the Rangifer

tarandus


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What is the difference

between caribou andreindeer?


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Wild Forest Reindeer: Rangifertarandus fennicus

Largest reindeer V shaped antlers


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Barren Ground Caribou: Rangifertarandus granti

Largest herds Widest and longest antlers Longest migration routes 3-5 ft tall Most studied


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Woodland Caribou: Rangifer taranduscaribou

Small scattered populations Usually do not migrate long distances Range form 2 to 6 animals Live in large tracts of old growth conifer

forest Logging threatens their habitat

Give birth in bogs Long legs to move in deep snow

R i d ( D ti d Wild) R if


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Reindeer ( Domestic and Wild) : Rangifertarandus tarandus

Similar to barrenground caribou

The most domesticatedof the Rangifer

tarandus


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Svalbard Reindeer: Rangifer

tarandus platyrhynchus

Small isolated populations

Smallest reindeer Use fat and muscle

reserves to survive winter


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Peary caribou: Rangifer tarandus pearyi

Live the farthest North Closest genetically to Svalbard Reindeer Silver colored antler velvet Light colored Live in harsh conditions Endangered

10


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Population charts

Herds vary with habitat Populations change year to year Tables from a Barren Ground

Caribou herd1

10


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1

10

PopulationTrend


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Threats

Logging

Oil drilling Pipe lines Atmospheric pollution Global Warming and climate change

Biblieography


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BiblieographyAanes, R.2012.Svalbard Reindeer. Retrieved 4/12/2012 from Norwegian Polar Institute

http://www.npolar.no/en/species/svalbard-reindeer.htmlAlbon, S.D., Stien, A., Irvine, R.J. et al 2002 The role of Parasites in the dynamics of a reindeer

population Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences 269:1625-1632Cote, S.D., Dallas, J.F., Marshall, F. et al 2002 Microsatellite DNA evidence for genetic drift and

philopatry in Svalbard reindeer. Molecular Ecology11:1923-1930

Cumming H.G., Beange D.B., Lavoie G. 1996. habitat partitioning between woodland caribou and moosein Ontario: the potential role of shared predation risk. RangiferSpecial issue No. 9:81-94Festa-Bianchet, M., Ray, J.C, Boutin, S., Cote, S.D., and Gunn, A. 2011 Conservation of caribou

(Rangifer tarandus) in Canada: an uncertain future Canada Journal of Zoology89:419-434Groves, C. and Grubb, P. 2011 Ungulate TaxonomyJohns Hopkins, University Press 336ppHeuer, Karsten 2005 Being Caribou: Seven Months on Foot with an Arctic HerdMountaineers

Books 237ppHuffman, Brent. 2006.An Ultimate Ungulate Fact Sheet: Rangifer tarandus. Retrieved 4/10/2012 from

Ultimate Ungulate http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Rangifer_tarandus.html

Joly, K and Shefferly, N.2000. Animal Diversity Web: Rangifer tarandus. Retrieved 4/10/2012 fromUniversity of Michigan Museum of Zoology. http://

animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlOrpin, C.G., Mathiesen, S.D., Greenwood Y, Blix, A.S., 1985 Seasonal changes in the ruminal microflora

of the high-arctic Svalbard reindeer( Rangifer tarnadus platyrhynchus).Applied EnvironmentalMicrobiology No.50 Vol.1:144-151

Russel, H.J. 1998 The World of Caribou Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, California 114ppThomas, D. and Barry, S. 1990 A life table for female barren-ground caribou in north- central

Canada. RangiferSpecial Issue No. 3: 177-184Rothfels M and Russell D. 2005.Caribou. Retrieved 4/12/2012 from Hinterland Whos who

http://www.hww.ca/en/species/mammals/caribou.htmlSeip, Dale.1991 Predation and Caribou populations RangiferSpecial Issue No 7:46-52

Tews J, Ferguson M, Fahrig L.2007.Modeling density dependence and climatic disturbances in caribou'scase study from the Bathurst Island complex, Canadian High Arctic. Journal of Zoology272(2):209-217

Vogel, Julia 2002 Our Wild World Series: Caribou North Word Press, Chanhassen, Minnesota 48ppWalker, T. 2000 Caribou Wanderer of the Tundra Graphic Arts Center Publishing, Portland Oregon. 80pp

Williams, T. and Heard, D. 1986 World status of wild Rangifer tarandus populations. RangiferSpecial iss e No 1 19 28
http://www.npolar.no/en/species/svalbard-reindeer.htmlhttp://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://www.hww.ca/en/species/mammals/caribou.htmlhttp://www.hww.ca/en/species/mammals/caribou.htmlhttp://www.hww.ca/en/species/mammals/caribou.htmlhttp://www.hww.ca/en/species/mammals/caribou.htmlhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Rangifer_tarandus.htmlhttp://www.npolar.no/en/species/svalbard-reindeer.htmlhttp://www.npolar.no/en/species/svalbard-reindeer.htmlhttp://www.npolar.no/en/species/svalbard-reindeer.html

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