AVOIDING DEATH BY POWERPOINT

By Jessamy RangoAnne Arundel Community College

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TIPS TO ENGAGE STUDENTS

• Slide layout

• Notes

• Environment

• Videos and animations

• Activities

TIPS TO ENGAGE STUDENTS

• Slide layout

• Notes

• Environment

• Videos and animations

• Activities

SLIDE LAYOUT

• Create your own slides

-- canned lectures generally are not interesting.

CANNED TEXTBOOK

SLIDES

Electron Transport System

• As electrons pass down the electron transport system, energy is captured and ATP is produced.– Oxidative phosphorylation refers to the production of

ATP as a result of energy released by the electron transport system.

RANGOSLIDES

OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

WHAT IS THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM?

• series of membrane-bound carriers that transfer electrons from one carrier to another

• each transfer results in a release of energy

• high energy electrons enter, low energy electrons exit

• each carrier is reduced and then oxidized in turn

WHAT IS A CYTOCHROME COMPLEX?

• bunch of cytochrome proteins in membrane

• cytochrome protein contains iron atom (similar to hemoglobin)

• iron atom helps transfer electrons instead of oxygen

ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• located in cristae of mitochondria

• high-energy electrons enter, low-energy electrons leave

• oxygen is final electron acceptor

• as electrons pass down ETS, energy is captured and ATP is produced

• NADH 3 ATP

• FADH2 2 ATP

Fig. 8.8

HOW IS ATP MADE IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM?

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION:

Production of ATP from energy released by ETS.

H+ pumped into intermembrane space.

H+ flow down concentration gradient into matrix.

ATP made by ATP synthase chemiosmosis.

Fig. 8.9

ENERGY YIELD FROM GLUCOSE BREAKDOWN

39% of available energy transferred from glucose to ATP.

Rest is lost as heat.

Difference due to shuttle

mechanism (NAD+ or FAD).

SLIDE LAYOUT

• Simplify the background

-- avoid busy design templates.

-- use a dark background.

SLIDE LAYOUT

• Minimize text

-- use bullet sentences.

-- use large font (28 point or greater).

-- use contrasting color for words.

SLIDE LAYOUT

A lot of times people include way too many words on the slide and proceed to read the entire slide to the students. Additionally, the font is often way too small and the color of the words not different enough from the background to be easily read. If I were to show a lot of slides like this one, I guarantee that students would doze off and no longer pay attention. Using short sentences, beefed up font, and a contrasting color for the words increases the focus of students. In fact, a black background with white letters seems to help students focus even better than most color combinations.

SLIDE LAYOUT

• Show interesting images

-- BIG, BRIGHT AND BEAUTIFUL.

-- get images from:

* textbook

* internet

* digital cameras + microscopes

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

LAND PLANTS MULTICELLULAR ALGAE

UNICELLULAR PROTISTS

CYANOBACTERIA

OTHER PHOTOSYNTHETIC

PROKARYOTES

LIGHT REACTIONS

EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT: late-eighteenth century

• Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829)

– Evolution occurs.

– Diversity of species due to adaptation to environment.

– Fossil record more complex organisms are descended from less complex organisms.

– Inheritance of acquired characteristics.

VIRUSES INFECTING A BACTERIAL CELL

1950s FRANKLIN’S X-RAY DIFFRACTION PHOTOS

Photo made by Rosalind Franklin, seen by Watson and Crick, led to the discovery that DNA was a double helix composed of two strands.

Smallest unit of living matter = CELL

DIFFERENT KINDS OF ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY = energy of motion

POTENTIAL ENERGY = stored energy

KINETIC ENERGY

POTENTIAL ENERGY

SLIDE LAYOUT

• Avoid gimmicks

-- tone down custom animations.

-- don’t use slide transitions.

-- avoid noises.

-- KISS

If you use CANNED TEXTBOOK SLIDES,

beware!!

Basic Chemistry

Chapter 2

Outline

• Chemical Elements– Atoms– Isotopes– Molecules and Compounds

• Chemical Bonding– Ionic and Covalent– Hydrogen

• Properties of Water• Acids and Bases

Chemical Elements

• Matter refers to anything that has mass and takes up space.– 92 naturally occurring elements.

•Only six make up 98% body weight of organisms.–CHNOPS

Atoms

• Atoms are the smallest unit of matter.– Atomic symbol represents each element.

•Protons and neutrons found in nucleus.–Electrons orbit nucleus.

•Mass number equals sum of protons and neutrons.

•Atomic number refers to number of protons.

TIPS TO ENGAGE STUDENTS

• Slide layout

• Notes

• Environment

• Videos and animations

• Activities

NOTES

• Limit access to lecture slides

-- don’t post full lectures on internet.

-- don’t hand-out copies of complete lecture.

-- require students to get notes from each other.

NOTES

• Provide abbreviated notes

-- bleep out important names, dates, terms, concepts.

-- enlarge important images.

TIPS TO ENGAGE STUDENTS

• Slide layout

• Notes

• Environment

• Videos and animations

• Activities

ENVIRONMENT• Physical

-- keep the lights ON.

• Mental

-- regularly ask questions and call on students by name.

-- refrain from reading slides word for word.

TIPS TO ENGAGE STUDENTS

• Slide layout

• Notes

• Environment

• Videos and animations

• Activities

VIDEOS AND ANIMATIONS

• Use short video clips or animations to:

-- introduce and/ or review topics.

-- show concepts in motion.

-- add some variety.

VIDEOS AND ANIMATIONS• Video clips or animations are available through:

-- textbook resources

* discovery channel video clip on cells.

* BioFlix cell animation.

* newt lung cell division.

* transcription animation.

VIDEOS AND ANIMATIONS

VIDEOS AND ANIMATIONS

• Video clips or animations are available through:

-- internet

* PBS evolution video clips.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.html

* DNAinteractive website.

http://www.dnai.org/

VIDEOS AND ANIMATIONS

• Video clips or animations are available through:

-- internet

* PBS mitosis/meiosis comparison.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divide.html#

TIPS TO ENGAGE STUDENTS

• Slide layout

• Notes

• Environment

• Videos and animations

• Activities

ACTIVITIES

• Take breaks from powerpoint to:

-- brainstorm and write ideas on the board.

WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DISTINGUISH LIVING THINGS FROM NONLIVING THINGS?

VS.

WHAT ARE SOME SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF WATER?

?

ACTIVITIES

• Take breaks from powerpoint to:

-- engage students in classroom demonstrations

* chemical bonds.

* chances of crossing over.

CROSSING OVER DATA IS USED TO MAP GENES

•The farther apart alleles are from each other on a chromosome, the greater the chance that a crossing-over event will occur to unlink the alleles.

A B C

a b c

50 % 5 %

ACTIVITIES

• Take breaks from powerpoint to:

-- give students time to work out practice problems

* diagramming atoms.

* genetics problems.

DIAGRAMMING ATOMS

• RULES

– Electron shells contain different #s of electrons.

• 1st shell = 2 electrons

• Subsequent shells = 8 electrons each

– Need to fill each lower electron shell before going to next higher electron shell.

16

8O

O

TWO-TRAIT INHERITANCE EXAMPLE

TWO-TRAIT INHERITANCE EXAMPLE

ACTIVITIES

• Take breaks from powerpoint to:

-- review concepts

* cell respiration summary table.

* mitosis versus meiosis phase drawings.

* transcription/translation activity.

ACTIVITIES

• Use powerpoint to:

-- encourage small group discussions

* project images of complex concepts.

CALVIN CYCLE

DNA REPLICATION

TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION

ACTIVITIES

• Use powerpoint to:

-- to guide critical thinking

* hide portions of images so students

must make predictions.

THREE MODELS OF DNA REPLICATION

1950s MESELSON & STAHL’S DNA

replication experiment.

1950s MESELSON & STAHL’S DNA

replication experiment.

1950s MESELSON & STAHL’S DNA

replication experiment.

1950s MESELSON & STAHL’S DNA

replication experiment.

1950s MESELSON & STAHL’S DNA

replication experiment.

1950s MESELSON & STAHL’S DNA

replication experiment.

1950s MESELSON & STAHL’S DNA

replication experiment.

DNA replication is SEMICONSERVATIVE each molecule is made up of an old strand and a new strand.

ACTIVITIES

• Use powerpoint to:

-- engage students in active reviewing

* project images and call on students to identify them.

INTERPHASE IN ONION ROOT CELLS

INTERPHASE?

INTERPHASE

INTERPHASE IN ONION ROOT CELLS

MITOSIS IN ONION ROOT CELLS

ANAPHASE?

MITOSIS IN ONION ROOT CELLS

ANAPHASE

MITOSIS REVIEW: what stage?

MITOSIS REVIEW: METAPHASE

MITOSIS REVIEW: what stage?

MITOSIS REVIEW: TELOPHASE

ACTIVITIES

• Use powerpoint to:

-- engage students in active reviewing

* jeopardy.

POWERPOINT CAN BEEXCITING INSTEAD OF

DEADLY!!