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RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED(REL)
INSTALLATION OF 60MW BAGASSE BASEDCOGENERATION POWER PLANT AT RANIPUR, TALUKA
KOT DIGI, DISTRICT KHAIRPUR, SINDH
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT(EIA) REPORT
July 2017
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS2nd Floor, Office # 11, Anwar Tower, 99-Shadman, Lahore, PakistanE- mail: [email protected]; Tel:+ 92 042 35960091
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED(REL)
INSTALLATION OF 60MW BAGASSE BASEDCOGENERATION POWER PLANT AT RANIPUR, TALUKA
KOT DIGI, DISTRICT KHAIRPUR, SINDH
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT(EIA) REPORT
July 2017
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS2nd Floor, Office # 11, Anwar Tower, 99-Shadman, Lahore, PakistanE- mail: [email protected]; Tel:+ 92 042 35960091
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED(REL)
INSTALLATION OF 60MW BAGASSE BASEDCOGENERATION POWER PLANT AT RANIPUR, TALUKA
KOT DIGI, DISTRICT KHAIRPUR, SINDH
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT(EIA) REPORT
July 2017
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS2nd Floor, Office # 11, Anwar Tower, 99-Shadman, Lahore, PakistanE- mail: [email protected]; Tel:+ 92 042 35960091
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ a-j
1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................11.1 IMPORTANCE & BACKGROUND OF PROJECT ..............................................21.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ......................................................................21.3 PURPOSE OF REPORT......................................................................................31.4 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PROPONENT ................................................3Tel : +92-21-35281731-37............................................................................................31.5 CONSULTANTS PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT ...........................31.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT...........................................................................41.7 EXTENT OF THE STUDY....................................................................................41.8 METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................51.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY .....................................................................................71.10 PERSONS PERFORMING THE STUDY (TEAM MEMBERS) ...........................81.11 PROJECT CLASSIFICATION..............................................................................91.12 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OF PROJECT..10
1.12.1 Location................................................................................................101.12.2 Nature & Size of the Project ................................................................10
1.13 THE REPORT STRUCTURE.............................................................................102 DISCUSSION OF THE PROPOSAL CURRENT LAND USE POLICIES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK.................................................................122.1 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................122.2 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GUIDELINES...........................12
2.2.1 National Conservation Strategy (NCS)................................................132.2.2 National Environmental Policy.............................................................132.2.3 National Sanitation Policy....................................................................14
2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK.......................................142.4 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES .....................................................................14
2.4.1 The Sindh Environmental Assessment EIA/ IEE Procedures 2014....142.4.2 Self-Monitoring and Reporting.............................................................15
2.5 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS .............................................152.5.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997......................................15
2.6 SINDH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 2014..........................................162.7 THE SINDH EPA REVIEW OF IEE AND EIA REGULATIONS 2014 ...............16
2.7.1 Other Relevant Laws ...........................................................................172.7.1.1 National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance.....................172.7.1.2 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 .................................................172.7.1.3 Affected Person Ordinance 2001........................................182.7.1.4 Biodiversity Action Plan ......................................................182.7.1.5 Canal and Drainage Act, 1873............................................192.7.1.6 The Sindh Irrigation Act 1879 .............................................192.7.1.7 Employment of child Act, 1991 ...........................................192.7.1.8 Cutting of Trees Act, 1975&Protection of Trees &Bush
Wood Act, 1949...................................................................202.7.1.9 Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972.........................202.7.1.10 Antiquities Act, 1975 ...........................................................202.7.1.11 The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994.......202.7.1.12 Sindh Local Government Ordinances, 2001 ......................212.7.1.13 Forest Act, 1927..................................................................212.7.1.14 National Forest Policy, 2001...............................................21
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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2.8 NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER REGULATORY AUTHORITY (NEPRA) ACT,1997....................................................................................................................222.8.1 Power Policy 1998 ...............................................................................22
2.9 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND TREATIES/CONVENTIONS................232.9.1 World Bank Guidelines on Environment..............................................232.9.2 International Convention on Biodiversity.............................................232.9.3 Applicable International Environmental and Occupational Safety and
Health Laws and Regulations..............................................................243 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT..............................................................................25
3.1 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................253.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT ...................................................253.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT.......................................................................25
3.3.1 Project Benefits....................................................................................263.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................26
3.4.1 Project Mission.....................................................................................263.5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED REALISTICALLY AND REASON FOR THEIR
REJECTION .......................................................................................................263.5.1 No Action (Zero Option).......................................................................263.5.2 Proposed Power Plant Site..................................................................273.5.3 Cogeneration Option............................................................................283.5.4 Options for Boilers ...............................................................................313.5.5 RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES .........................................31
3.6 ANALYSIS OF COGENERATION .....................................................................323.7 ANALYSIS OF FUEL .........................................................................................323.8 VEGETATION FEATURES OF THE SITE ........................................................323.9 COST AND MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION .....................................................323.10 SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................323.11 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT (PROCESS FLOW CHART/STEPS).......33
3.11.1 Technical Aspects................................................................................343.11.1.1 The Basic Design of the Co-Generation Plant ...................343.11.1.2 Topping Cycle .....................................................................35
3.11.2 Technology Description .......................................................................363.11.2.1 Basic Process .....................................................................363.11.2.2 Components........................................................................373.11.2.3 Details of the Generation Facility/ Power Plant ..................37
3.12 CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS & OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS..............413.12.1 Construction Materials .........................................................................413.12.2 Construction Camps ............................................................................413.12.3 Work Force and Work Machinery........................................................42
3.13 PLANT AND MACHINERY ................................................................................433.13.1 Bagasse Handling System...................................................................433.13.2 Ash Handling System ..........................................................................433.13.3 Cooling Tower......................................................................................443.13.4 Compressed Air System ......................................................................443.13.5 Thermal Insulation ...............................................................................443.13.6 Personal Protection..............................................................................443.13.7 Ventilation and Air Conditioning System .............................................44
3.14 GOVERNMENT APPROVALS AND LEASES REQUIRED BY PROJECT ......454 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................46
4.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................464.1.1 Desk Studies........................................................................................464.1.2 Site Visits .............................................................................................46
4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT..............................................................................474.2.1 Topography..........................................................................................474.2.2 Soils......................................................................................................49
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4.2.3 Geology................................................................................................504.2.4 Seismology...........................................................................................524.2.5 WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................53
4.2.5.1 Surface Water .....................................................................534.2.5.2 Ground water.......................................................................534.2.5.3 Water quality .......................................................................53
4.2.6 Meteorology and Climatology ..............................................................544.2.7 Ambient Air & Noise.............................................................................57
4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DATA.........................................................574.3.1 Ambient Air Quality ..............................................................................594.3.2 Noise Level ..........................................................................................60
4.4 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES/BIODIVERSITY .................................................614.4.1 Floral Habitat Types.............................................................................614.4.2 Crest Habitat ........................................................................................624.4.3 Floral Attributes of the Project Area ....................................................624.4.4 Faunal Attributes of the Project Area ..................................................62
4.5 EXISTING SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS................................................644.5.1 Demographic information.....................................................................64
4.6 QUALITY OF LIFE VALUES..............................................................................664.6.1 Housing ................................................................................................664.6.2 Education and Literacy ........................................................................674.6.3 Health...................................................................................................684.6.4 Livelihoods ...........................................................................................69
4.7 AGRICULTURE..................................................................................................714.8 LIVESTOCK .......................................................................................................724.9 ECONOMY.........................................................................................................724.10 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION..................................................................................734.11 WATER SUPPLY ...............................................................................................74
5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONMEASURES ...................................................................................................................755.1 METHODOLOGY FOR ANTICIPATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS..........755.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO INSTALLATION AT PRESENT
LOCATION OF PROJECT.................................................................................755.3 PROJECT DESIGN RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS....................765.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION
PHASE ...............................................................................................................765.4.1 Soil Erosion..........................................................................................765.4.2 Air Quality.............................................................................................775.4.3 Groundwater ........................................................................................805.4.4 Solid Waste..........................................................................................805.4.5 Noise Impact ........................................................................................815.4.6 Fire Risk ...............................................................................................825.4.7 Ecological Impacts ...............................................................................83
5.4.7.1 Terrestrial Systems .............................................................835.4.7.2 Fauna and Flora..................................................................83
5.4.8 Impacts on Human Population ............................................................845.4.9 Traffic Impact .......................................................................................845.4.10 Socio-economic Impacts......................................................................845.4.11 Public Services and Facilities ..............................................................855.4.12 Cultural Resource Impacts ..................................................................855.4.13 Waste Water ........................................................................................85
5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM PROJECT OPERATION............................................................................................................................865.5.1 Air Quality Impacts...............................................................................865.5.2 Ecological Impacts ...............................................................................89
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5.5.2.1 Impacts on Fauna and Flora...............................................89a) Air Emissions ...................................................................................89b) Noise 90c) Waste Water ....................................................................................905.5.2.2 Landscaping........................................................................91
5.5.3 Solid Waste Management....................................................................915.5.4 Noise & Vibration Impacts ...................................................................925.5.5 Societal Impacts during Operations ....................................................92
5.5.5.1 Neighborhood and Communities ........................................925.5.5.2 Relocation Impact ...............................................................925.5.5.3 Economic Impact.................................................................93
5.6 POSITIVE SOCIO–ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON THE OVERALL PROJECTAREA..................................................................................................................93
6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (EMP) AND MONITORING PROGRAM...........956.1 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................956.2 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY .............................................................................956.3 TRAINING SCHEDULE .....................................................................................956.4 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...................................96
6.4.1 Construction Phase..............................................................................966.4.2 Operation and Mitigation Phase ..........................................................96
6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM..............................................1426.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST ........................................................1466.7 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.......................................................................147
6.7.1 Recommendations and Mitigation Measures ....................................1477 PROJECT SOCIAL SOUNDNESS .............................................................................149
7.1 OBJECTIVES OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ................................1497.2 SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 2014 ..................................1507.3 CONSULTATION PROCESS ..........................................................................151
7.3.1 Points Discussed ...............................................................................1527.4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION TECHNIQUE ..........................................152
7.4.1 Government Representatives............................................................1537.4.2 Stakeholder Concerns and Recommendations ................................154
7.5 PROCEDURE FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES........................................1557.6 PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS............................155
7.6.1 PCU – Function and Structure...........................................................1567.6.2 GRC – Function and Structure ..........................................................1567.6.3 Grievance Focal Points......................................................................1577.6.4 Procedure of Filing and Resolving Grievances.................................1577.6.5 Operating Principles for PCU ............................................................1587.6.6 Stages of Grievances ........................................................................1587.6.7 Awareness .........................................................................................159
7.7 COMMUNITY CONCERNS .............................................................................1597.8 LOCAL GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES ..............................................160
8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN & EVACUATION/EXIT PLAN.............................1628.1 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE.....................................1628.2 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLAN...............................................................163
8.2.1 Evacuation of Persons with Disabilities.............................................1688.2.2 Evacuation in Case of Adverse Weather Condition ..........................1698.2.3 Fire Response Program.....................................................................169
8.3 FIRE / EMERGENCY SYSTEM INSPECTION, TESTING ANDMAINTENANCE PLAN.....................................................................................172
8.4 CHEMICAL SPILL / RELEASE RESPONSE PROGRAM...............................1759 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................179REFERENCESTERMS OF REFERENCES
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONBMP Best Management Practices
CCR Central Control Room
DM Dematerialize Water
dB Decibel
EA Environmental Approval
EHS Environment, Health and Safety
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMtP Environmental Monitoring Plan
EMMP Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan
EOT Electrical Operated Overhead Traveling
EPA Environment Protection Agency
ESP Electrostatic precipitator
ERT Emergency Response Team
GFP Grievance Focal Points
GRC Grievance Redress Committee
HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
LAA Land Acquisition Act
mg Milligram
MW MegaWatt
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NCS National Conservation Strategy
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations
NOC No Objection Certificate
P&D Planning and Development
PCU Public Complaints Unit
PM Project Management
pm Particulate Matter
PVC Polyvinyl chloride
RCC Reinforce Concrete Cement
RE Resident Engineer
RNR Renewable Natural Resources
REL Ranipur Energy Limited
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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RO Reverse Osmosis
SEQS
SEPA
Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency
SPDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute
TCD Tons Crushing per Day
TMA Tehsil Municipal Administration
TPH Tons Per Hour
UET University of Engineering and Technology
UNCED United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development
WHO World health organization
WWF World Wide Fund
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
With the policy of privatization of the power industry and liberalized schemesformulated by the Government of Pakistan for setting up bio mass powerplants by private enterprises and in view of the Energy policy as announcedby State Govt. project proponent has decided to set up 60 MW (installedcapacity) bagasse based power plant at Ranipur Energy Limited, located atRanipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur in the province of Sindh. This reportpresents the findings of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study carriedout by Integrated Environment Consultants for proposed cogeneration biomass power plant.The EIA has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of SindEnvironmental Protection Act (SEPA) 2014 and Sindh EnvironmentalProtection Agency (Review of EIA/IEE) Regulations and the projectcontribution to sustainable development. This project activity has excellentcontribution towards sustainable development and addresses the key issues:
Environmental well-being Substituting the electricity requirement from grid by co-fired plant there
by eliminating the generation of equivalent quantum of electricity usingconventional fuel feeding the national grid.
Conserving fossil fuel and other non-renewable natural resource. Mitigating the emission of GHG (CO2, NOx etc).Socio- economic well being Contributing to a small increase in the local employment by employing
skilled and unskilled personnel for operation and maintenance of theequipment.
Adopting an advanced and sustainable technology for long termbenefits.
Helping to bridge the gap of electricity demand and supply at locallevel.
I. Title and location of project
Ranipur Energy (Pvt.) Limited is planning to set up 60 MW (grosscapacity) bagasse based power plant at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, DistrictKhairpur in the province of Sindh (Figure E.1).
II. Name of the Proponent
M/S. Ranipur Energy Limited has their Head office at C-98, KhahkshanScheme No.5, Block No.2, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan.
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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The contact person for the proposed project may be contacted at thegiven numbers.
Tel : +92-21-35291731-37
III. Name of organization preparing the report
Integrated Environment Consultants
Office: Office # 11, 2nd Floor, Anwar Tower, 99-Shadman Chowk,Lahore, Pakistan: Phone: (042)-35960091
Email: [email protected]
IV. A Brief Outline of the Proposal
The project envisages the installation of 60 MW (gross) bagasse based
cogeneration power project at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur
in the province of Sindh. In accordance with the Sindh Environmental
Protection Agency Review of Initial Environmental Examination and
Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014, the project falls in
Schedule –II, Part-B ‘Energy’ therefore, requires the Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) study for sustainable development and to
submit in Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA), for issuance of
Environmental Approval (EA) before the start of the project.
V. Cogeneration Option
Cogeneration has been adopted as standard means of energy generationsince long by the sugar industry. With the use of efficient processing andenergy management systems, energy from bagasse, over and above thesugar factory needs, is available and can be exported conveniently in theform of electric power. Application of sugar cogeneration will replace apart of fossil-based electricity generation leading to a more sustainablemix in power generation. Cogeneration with power export will assist inreducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. In order to continuereliable, efficient and safe operation, the existing steam and powergeneration system will be closed down and replaced with the moreefficient system in proposed power plant. Presently, sugar industry world-wide except for Pakistan uses high-pressure boilers by burning bagasseand the high pressure steam for power generation and the low pressuresteam for process heat. Introduction of high-pressure technology inPakistan will result in more power production to supply to the national gridand less emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs).
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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Figure E.1: Ranipur Sugar Mill (The Proposed Project Site)
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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VI. Technical Aspects
The technology chosen is the conventional thermal power planttechnology based on the Rankine Cycle. The bagasse will be combustedin a high-pressure boiler and the steam generated will be fed to the steamturbine to generate power. The turbine will be different from theconventional thermal power plants, as the turbine will be provided with acontrolled extraction for extracting the process steam required for thesugar mill.
VII. The Basic Design of the Co-Generation Plant
Basically the co-generation plant configuration is site specific, eventhough, some amount of standardization could be made for the gross rootplants. The scheme will consider the available bagasse and variation inbagasse availability. Considering the variation in the bagasse availabilityand possible variation in process steam consumption and the number ofdays of operation, maybe it is better to go down size of the plant andensure maximum plant load factors. The plant cycle will be optimized togive best efficiency.
Even though there is no limit to the achievable steam pressure andtemperatures with bagasse firing, a cost benefit study has beenconducted deciding on the steam cycle parameters. In project feasibilitystudy proper consideration has been given to the cost aspect of the highergrade metallurgy of the turbine and the boiler, specifically the super-heater and the piping.
Based on priority in utilizing the available energy, electricity or heat, co-generation systems are classified as topping cycle (where priority is forgenerating electricity) and bottoming cycle (where heat takes priority overelectricity). The proposed project is based on the topping cycle.
VIII. Major Impacts and their mitigations
Table E.1, given below shows the anticipated project impacts; related withconstruction and operational phase of the project.
RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
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E.1: Major Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Impacts Magnitude Recommendation MeasureResponsible
Authority
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Air Pollution
Dust resulting from
construction work
Use of heavy machinery can
generate exhaust and dust
emissions
Minor Sprinkling of water on regular basis especially
during dry climatic conditions
Periodic maintenance and management of all
the construction machinery and vehicles
Covering or use of wind protecting sheets
around the stockpiles to avoid air pollution
through dispersion
Contractor/
Consultant of
proponent
Solid waste
Construction waste and
domestic waste from worker
camps
Minor Conduct separate collection of construction
and domestic waste to promote recycling and
re-use
Dispose non-recyclable and hazardous waste
material properly according to waste
management rules to a EPA certified
contractor
Contractor/
Consultant of
proponent
Water Quality Minor Use of spill prevention trays and impermeable
sheets to avoid contamination of the
Contractor/
Consultant of
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Impacts Magnitude Recommendation MeasureResponsible
Authority
Run-off water from
construction area
Wastewater from camp site
Leakage of oil and
chemical materials from
construction activity
groundwater/surface water
septic tanks should be constructed with
cemented wall to prevent the groundwater
contamination
the existing facility of the sugar for sewerage
disposal may be utilized in a sustainable way.
proponent
Noise
Noise caused by
construction machinery
vehicles used for
mobilization of construction
equipment and workers
Minor Control noise through control of working hours
and selection of less noisy equipment.
Proper maintenance of vehicles and
construction equipment
Contractor/
Consultant of
proponent
Traffic Impacts
Increase in traffic volume
due to use of the heavy
traffic
Minor A proper traffic management plan shall be
prepared by the contractor during the time of
construction and shall be implemented
accordingly
Contractor/
Consultant of
proponent
Social Impacts Minor It is worth mentioning that very few population
exists near the project site.
Contractor/
Consultant of
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Impacts Magnitude Recommendation MeasureResponsible
Authority
Invasion of workable force
may cause the social
disturbance
Labour camp shall be housed 500 m away
from any dwellings.
proponent
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Air Pollution
Exhaust gas from stack
Dust from ash disposal
activity
Dust from bagasse
handling activities and
bagasse yard
Minor To control the stacks particulates emission a
bag filter house shall be installed.
Periodic maintenance of the generator, fitted
with appropriate exhaust systems and devices
To reduce NO2 emissions, firing system will
use low combustion technology (low NOx
burners)
For stack design, height will be more than 60
m
EHS officer
of Project
Proponent
Solid waste
Fly ash and bottom ash
Sewage and garbage from
workers
Minor Ash pond is designed with capacity of 5 years
of operation.
The ash may also be sold to the road
manufacturer to add in the road base material.
Implementation of waste management
EHS officer
of Project
Proponent
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Impacts Magnitude Recommendation MeasureResponsible
Authority
program consisting of reduce, reuse and re-
cycling of materials
Water Quality
Thermal effluent from
cooling system
Wastewater from plant
process
Rainwater drainage from
ash pond and bagasse
yard
Minor Thermal outlet will be cool down with the help
of the cooling towers while the discharge far
from the cooling tower will be treated till
SEQS to reduce the impact on surrounding
area
Installation of wastewater treatment system by
neutralization, settling and oil separation so
any wastewater produced complies with
wastewater standards of SEQS
The bottom of the ash pond shall have an
impermeable membrane layer
EHS officer
of Project
Proponent
Noise
Noise and vibration from
steam turbines, generators
and pumps etc.
Noise by ash disposal/
Minor Installation of low noise/ low vibration type
equipment
Proper maintenance of equipments
Adequate basis of equipment to reduce the
vibration
Adequate enclosure of equipment to reduce
EHS officer
of Project
Proponent
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Impacts Magnitude Recommendation MeasureResponsible
Authority
bagasse handling activity
Noise from vehicles used
for mobilization of
equipment
noise
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IX. Proposed Monitoring
The monitoring program is designed to ensure that the requirements ofthe EPA are met. Monitoring Program (MP) provides importantinformation that allows for more effective planning and an adaptiveresponse based on the assessment of the effectiveness of mitigationmeasures. The monitoring of various parameters will help to determinethe extent to which project construction/operation activities will causeenvironmental disturbance and subsequent their level of mitigation.
Sr.No.
MonitoringParameters
Monitoring Mechanism ResponsibilityMonitoringFrequency
1. Water Quality Discrete grab sampling
and laboratory testing of
water samples as per
drinking water parameters
as defined by the SEPA.
Proponent/ EPA Quarterly
2. Dust Emissions Ambient Particulate Matter
Monitoring System as per
the SEQS.
Proponent/ EPA Quarterly
3. Noise Levels Noise meter Proponent/ EPA Monthly
4. Stack emission Emissions monitoring
system to monitor the
emissions as per SEQS.
Proponent/ EPA Monthly
5. Inconvenience
to community
Consultations with
community to get feedback
about inconvenience due
to the construction
activities to perform their
daily routine chores.
Proponent/ EPA Monthly
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X. Environmental Management Cost
The cost for environmental management and monitoring will be the part ofcontract of Contractor and Consultants respectively. However, a lumpsum amount of Rs. 5.0 million will be allocated by the project proponentas cost for environmental training and monitoring for a period of two yearsduring construction and operation of the project.
XI. Stakeholder Consultations
Public Discussions were held with the inhabitant of the surrounding area.They are quite positive to the project and see the project as growingbusiness and accomplishing towards the positive development in the areaat local and in country as whole. The people observe strong positiveimpacts regarding employment, business and structural development dueto this project. EIA findings depict that people perceive overall positivesocial and economic impacts by the project. Their attitude towards theproject installation is highly optimistic. Majority of the people areconvinced for development in the area and they correlate this progresswith the pace of their social mobility.
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1 INTRODUCTION
Most parts of the country experience severe winter and summer conditions;as a result there is a wide variation in electricity demand during the year.Furthermore, higher share of residential sector in total electricity demandmake the peak demand more pronounced. During summer season, theinductive load in the system increases due to tube wells, air coolingsystems and other motor operation while in winter, resistive load increasesdue to heaters. The peak load hours are generally between 6 PM to 10 PMwhile load decreases to its minimum between midnight. The EconomicCoordination Committee of the Cabinet (ECC) in its meeting held on 6March 2013, approved 'Framework for Power Cogeneration 2013 Bagasseand Biomass' as an addendum to the Renewable Energy Policy 2006. Thisframework shall be effective for all high pressure cogeneration projectsutilizing bagasse and biomass.
Frame Work for Power Co-Generation 2013 (Bagasse / Biomass)
The Power Producer shall, under the provisions of the AEDB Act2010. Renewable Energy Policy 2006 & this framework approachAEDB.
AEDB shall act as the coordinating agency for High pressure(minimum 60 bar) bagasse / biomass based projects. The PowerProducer may establish the project as part of an existing sugar millor as a separate entity.
Upfront tariff for bagasse / biomass based cogeneration projects tobe determined by NEPRA.
Tariff shall be on a per unit basis for energy delivered to the grid
The Power Producer shall have the option to opt for upfront tariff.
Power Producers shall have the option to offer energy to therespective DISCOs at 11 kv or 132 kv, or to the CPPA at 132 kV,provided that the cost of interconnection, grid station upgrades, etc.for power evacuation shall be incurred by the respective DISCOs.
It shall be mandatory for the Power Purchaser to evacuate all theenergy offered to it by the Power Producer, failing which such plantsshall be deemed to have dispatched and sold the energy to the
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Power Purchaser. The CPPA shall bill the payment against such un-evacuated energy to the DISCO concerned. However, no liabilityshall occur to the CPPA / DISCO in case of a Force Majeure event.
Standard bankable EPA & IA documents will be prepared andprovided to the Power Producer by AEDB.
AEDB has issued Letter of Intent (L0I) on the basis of standardproposal submitted by the project proponent.
1.1 IMPORTANCE & BACKGROUND OF PROJECT
In order to take advantage of incentives offered by the Government ofPakistan, Ranipur Energy Limited (REL) proposed to install and operate abagasse fired cogeneration power project of 60 MW (gross) capacity atRanipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur in the province of Sindh. Thisproject will enable to export around 46 MW of power to National grid duringsugar cane crushing season and 53.5 MW during off-season.
The Co-generation project envisages installation of high pressure boiler,matching double Extraction cum condensing STG set, auxiliary equipment,tele-observation/control/protection equipment and all required gridparalleling / interfacing equipment.
The cogeneration project with expanded mill capacity will make optimumuse of available bagasse during the season operation. During the offseason operations of the power Plants, saved bagasse will be used toensure optimum export and number of operating days. Other agro wastefuels or purchased bagasse and other Biomass (Rice Husk etc.) from othersources / mills will be additional option available with Ranipur EnergyLimited to increase the plant operation in the off season.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The project aims to produce electricity for supply to national grid throughSukkur Electric Power Company (SEPCO) thus reducing the gap betweensupply and demand. The proposed power plant is a standalone powerproducing unit based on Bagasse fired High Pressure Boilers along withcondensing/extracting Steam Turbo Generator (STG) Set.
The main objectives of the project are to:
Respond to the urgent need to close the widening gap betweenpower generation and demand at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District
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Khairpur, Sindh and ensure stable power supply to SEPCO duringsugar cane crushing season.
Provide employment to the local people; Respond to the need of improvement in quality of life through
sustainable power production systems.
1.3 PURPOSE OF REPORT
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is being submitted to theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA), Government of the Sindh, Karachiin compliance with the legal requirement for Sindh Environment ProtectionAct-2014, Section-17 for obtaining the Environmental Approval (EA)/NoObjection Certificate (NOC) before commencement of the project work atthe proposed project site. The other relevant regulations and guidelinesconsidered while preparing this EIA report include:
1. Policy and procedures for filing, review and approval ofenvironmental assessments.
2. Guidelines for the preparation and review of environmental reports.
3. Guidelines for public participation.
4. Guidelines for sensitive and critical areas.
5. Detailed sectoral guidelines.
Different environmental aspects like social, physical, biological and otherrelated features of the project both during construction and its regularoccupancy are highlighted in this EIA report. Measures necessary to beadopted to mitigate negative environmental impacts on any part of theenvironment around are also described. All the important information isalso provided as described under present format used to help decisionmakers, EPA Sindh in the present case, before issuing the desiredEnvironmental Approval (EA).
1.4 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PROPONENT
M/S. Ranipur Energy LimitedOffice: C-98, Kahkashan, Scheme No.5, Block No.2, Clifton, KarachiTel : +92-21-35281731-37
1.5 CONSULTANTS PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
Integrated Environment ConsultantsOffice: Office # 11,2nd Floor, Anwar Tower, 99-Shadman Chowk,
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Lahore, Pakistan.Phone: (042)-35960091Email: [email protected]
1.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT
Objectives to conduct this EIA are as following:
i. A legal binding in accordance to Sindh Environmental ProtectionAct-2014.
ii. To identify the potential environmental issues pertaining to theproposed site.
iii. To evaluate the ability of the site in view of social acceptance andenvironmental soundness.
iv. To provide the maximum information to the proponent and otherstakeholders about the existing environmental conditions and theimplications of the proposed project.
v. Collection of available data, reports, drawings and other relevantinformation about area of proposed project.
vi. Review of applicable existing environmental legislation and SindhEnvironmental Quality Standards (SEQS).
vii. Propose mitigation measures to eliminate or to reduce the negativeimpacts to an acceptable level.
viii. Development of well resourced environmental management andmonitoring plans to identify mitigation strategies targeted towardsavoidance, minimization and rehabilitation of the impacts.
1.7 EXTENT OF THE STUDY
In compliance with SEPA-2014 requirements, an EIA report has beenprepared by M/S Integrated Environment Consultants, Lahore. Thisdocument covers all environmental impacts, due to installation of the 60MW co-gen power project, in and around the project area comprising thephysical, ecological and socio-economic aspects together with identificationof the potential positive and negative impacts. Any developmental activitiesoutside the project area, the transmission lines for dispatch of electricityand establishment of the other factories outside the project vicinity have notbeen covered under this EIA study.
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1.8 METHODOLOGY
The methodology adopted to carry out the EIA study of the proposedproject was as follow:
a) Orientation
b) Planning of Data Collection
c) Data Collection
d) Site Reconnaissance
e) Analysis of Maps
f) Literature Review
g) Desk Top Research
h) Stakeholders Consultations
i) Field Studies
j) Laboratory Analysis
k) Evaluation of Impacts and their analysis
l) Categorization of impacts based on their potential environmentalsignificance and prescription of preventive / mitigation measures
In addition to the evaluation and review of the available records, data andthe facts for the previous project, detailed discussions were held with theconcerned members of the project management as well as other projectstakeholders. Notes and proposals for measures to be taken to mitigateand compensate for any detrimental environmental impacts are containedin the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) as well as a MonitoringPlan, including all parameters that need to be measured, and the frequencyof monitoring actions.
A comprehensive qualitative and quantitative methodology was adopted toconduct this study inter-alia in due compliance with the EIA requirements.The study included collection of both primary and secondary data regardingenvironmental status and other relevant factors. This EIA report has beenaccomplished after carrying out thorough visit to the proposed site anddetailed investigation to identify the following Environmental areas ofconcern:
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1) To achieve the desired environmental compliance standards; as perthe environmental regulatory requirements; as applicable to theproject.
2) Plans and activities to prevent/mitigate any potential impacts and thegaps that could probably remain after implementation.
3) Any other points/steps to be taken which could be beneficial tomitigate environmental adverse impacts that may accrue both duringconstruction and regular operation of the project.
A view of methodology adopted for environmental assessment is given inTable - 1.1:
Table - 1.1: Environmental and Social Assessment Process
Phase Activities Status Responsibility
Screening and
Scoping
Reconnaissance and
initial site visit and
consultations,
identification of
environmental and
social issues &
applicable safeguard
environment policy,
categorization and
working out an action
plan.
carried out
during the
present EIA
Project
Management
(PM) Consultants
Impact
Assessment
Identification of
potential environmental
and social impacts
through site visits,
stakeholders
consultations, review
of drawings,
alternatives etc
during the
present EIA
PM Consultants
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Phase Activities Status Responsibility
Impact
categorization
The significant
potential impacts were
tabulated and
mitigation/preventive
measures were
prescribed
during the
present EIA
PM Consultants
EMP
Preparation
Stakeholders
consultation
carried out
during/prepared
as part of the
present EIA
PM Consultants
EMP
Final EMP Final version of EMP
produced
included in the
present EIA
PM Consultants
1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this EIA study is identification of key environmental andsocial issues which will likely arise during construction and operation of thepower plant along with the assessment of the significant negative impactsand mitigation measures to be adopted for their minimization.
The ultimate goal of this EIA report, among others, is also to produce anEnvironmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental MonitoringPlan (EMtP) for the construction and operation stages of the proposedproject. Compliance of EMP together with the provisions for mitigationmeasures for the significant negative impacts will ensure theimplementation of this project in an environmentally sustainable mannerboth at construction as well as operation stages of the project.
The EIA report ensures compliance to all provincial regulations enforced inSindh, for such project. While taking into consideration the corporatestandards, it was further sought to ensure that the project under referenceof this EIA report, is to be developed in a manner that is sociallyresponsible and reflects sound environmental management practices.
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This EIA report also discusses the legal and administrative frameworkwithin which the EIA has been prepared. A brief project description isincluded in the EIA report together with a description of the baselineenvironmental conditions and the actual environmental situation at theproposed site for the project. The technical section of the report and theenvironmental baseline situation form the basis for the detailed impactassessment during construction and operation phases of the project. Basedon the findings of this report, an environmental management system hasbeen devised, outlining necessary mitigation and compensation measurestogether with monitoring practices.
1.10 PERSONS PERFORMING THE STUDY (TEAM MEMBERS)
The proponent has assigned the task of preparing EIA report to M/SIntegrated Environment Consultants, Lahore. The EIA study of theproposed project has been conducted In accordance with the PakistanEnvironmental Protection Agency, Review of Initial EnvironmentalExamination and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014,Government of Sindh. The EIA guidelines for Bagasse fired power plantpublished through National Impact Assessment Program was alsoconsidered during this EIA process.
The study team of M/S Integrated Environment Consultants whichcompleted the EIA report consists of experts as mentioned in Table-1.2.
Table 1.2: Members Completed EIA Process
Name Qualification Status in Project
Mr. Ahtasham Raza M.Phil (Env. Sciences)
GC University, Lahore
Ph.D Scholar,
(Env.Sciences) University of
the Punjab, Pakistan
Project Incharge
Mr. M. A. Nouman M.Sc Environmental Sciences.
M.Phil Environmental Sciences
University of the Punjab,
Lahore
Team Leader
Mr. Asher Azad M.Sc Chemistry
GC University, LahoreMonitoring Incharge
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Name Qualification Status in Project
Mr. Zaheer Bhati M.Sc Chemistry
GC University, LahoreMonitoring incharge
Mr. Mubroor
Hassan
M.Sc Chemistry
M.Phil Environmental SciencesMonitoring Engineer
Mr. Hamaza Ahmad B.Sc. Civil Engineering (UET)
M.Sc. Env. Engineering (UET)Geo Technical Engineer
Mr. M.A. Sheraz M.A Sociology
University of the Punjab,
Lahore
Sociologist
Mr. Bilal TahirB.Sc Environmental
Engineering (UET Taxila)Environmentalist
Mr. Adnan Sharif Bs Environmental Sciences Environmentalist
Muhammad UsmanB.Sc Environmental
Engineering (UET Lahore)Environmentalist
Muhammad Asad
Javed
B.Sc Environmental
Engineering (UET Taxila)Environmentalist
*Only the main roles of the team members are given. However, their role was not restricted to these,rather it also includes many other studies in their respective fields in the context of this EIA studies.
1.11 PROJECT CLASSIFICATION
The project envisages the installation of 60 MW (gross) bagasse basedcogeneration power project at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur inthe province of Sindh. In accordance with the Sindh EnvironmentalProtection Agency Review of Initial Environmental Examination andEnvironmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014, the project falls inSchedule –II, Part-B ‘Energy’ therefore, requires the Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) study for sustainable development and to submit inprovincial Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for issuance ofEnvironmental Approval (EA).
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1.12 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OFPROJECT
1.12.1 Location
The Plant site is located in Ranipur Sugar Mills which is 1.5 kilometers fromthe city of Ranipur on main National Highway N-5. Ranipur is situated inDistrict Khairpur, Sindh. The nearest railway station is about 2 km from sitelocation in Ranipur city and the nearest airport is about 75 km in Sukkur.The Latitude and Longitude are 27.2878 and 68.5380 decimal degreesrespectively. Location of project is shown in Figure-1 & 1.1.
Figure 1: A View of the Proposed Project Site
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1.12 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OFPROJECT
1.12.1 Location
The Plant site is located in Ranipur Sugar Mills which is 1.5 kilometers fromthe city of Ranipur on main National Highway N-5. Ranipur is situated inDistrict Khairpur, Sindh. The nearest railway station is about 2 km from sitelocation in Ranipur city and the nearest airport is about 75 km in Sukkur.The Latitude and Longitude are 27.2878 and 68.5380 decimal degreesrespectively. Location of project is shown in Figure-1 & 1.1.
Figure 1: A View of the Proposed Project Site
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1.12 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OFPROJECT
1.12.1 Location
The Plant site is located in Ranipur Sugar Mills which is 1.5 kilometers fromthe city of Ranipur on main National Highway N-5. Ranipur is situated inDistrict Khairpur, Sindh. The nearest railway station is about 2 km from sitelocation in Ranipur city and the nearest airport is about 75 km in Sukkur.The Latitude and Longitude are 27.2878 and 68.5380 decimal degreesrespectively. Location of project is shown in Figure-1 & 1.1.
Figure 1: A View of the Proposed Project Site
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Figure-1.1: Location of Project Site
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1.12.2 Nature & Size of the Project
The project envisages on the installation of 60 MW (gross) bagasse firedpower project. The bagasse shall be fired in one (1) high pressure boiler toproduce the steam. The steam shall be used for generating electricity with60 MW Steam Turbo Generator. Layout of various sections for all the plant& machinery has been worked out in order to utilize the land veryeconomically, without sacrificing the ease of operation & maintenance.
1.13 THE REPORT STRUCTURE
This EIA document is structured as follow:
Section- 01:
Introduction: Containing general information about the project andprocess of carrying out the study.
Section - 02:
Environmental Policy, Legal And Administrative Framework:Describes the provincial policy, laws and regulations governing this EIA.
Section - 03:
The Project Description: Describes an overall detail of the works to bedone pertaining to the proposed project.
Section - 04:
The Description of the Environment: Gives information on Physical,Biological and Social conditions collected through survey of the ProjectArea.
Section - 05:
Environmental Impacts Due To Project & Mitigation Measures:Identifies various environmental impacts and their preventive actions. Thismakes the basis of the Environment Management Plan.
Section -06:
Environment Management Plan (EMP): Contains comprehensiveprescriptions regarding environmental impacts and their mitigationmeasures. This also includes institutional arrangements and EnvironmentalManagement & Monitoring Plan.
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Section -07:
Stakeholders Consultations: Explains the process of public consultationand disclosure of the project in related stakeholder. It makes this documenta legal public document.
Chapter -08:
Emergency Response Plan & Evacuation/Exit Plan: Explains about thearrangements to avoid any natural or anthropogenic emergency.
Chapter -09:
Conclusion and Recommendation: Concludes the EIA report with somepractical recommendation.
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2 DISCUSSION OF THE PROPOSAL CURRENT LAND USEPOLICIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 GENERAL
The principal environmental regulatory agency in Pakistan was theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Pakistan that formulatesenvironmental policies, action plans and legislation. After the 18th
amendment the environmental portfolio devolved to provincialgovernments. Consequently, the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency(SEPA) is empowered to formulate environmental legislation, rules,regulations and standards and their enforcement/implement in the wholeSindh province as a formulating regulatory and monitoring agency. EPASindh’s head office is located at ST-2/1, Sector-23, Korangi Industrial Area,Karachi.
Presently, the basic legislation on the environment is the SindhEnvironmental Protection Act of 2014 (SEPA 2014), Sindh IEE/EIARegulations 2014 and other rules and regulations. SEPA has initiatedprocess of notification for Sindh Environmental Quality Standards 2015(SEQS 2015). In addition, EPA Sindh has also issued directions throughprint media and direct communication to the concerned parties forimmediate compliance with these legislation and Rules and Regulationsmade so far.
This section provides synopsis of policies, legislation, and guidelines thatmay have relevance to the activities carried out by the Ranipur EnergyLimited within the scope defined for this EIA/EMP. The relevantrequirements of the policy documents and legislative framework have alsobeen incorporated in the environmental management and monitoring planbeing formulated for the better environmental impacts management. RELmanagement is committed to follow and comply with the relevantrequirements of the policy documents and legislative framework for thebetter management of environmental aspects and impacts of their businessrelated activities
2.2 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GUIDELINES
The enactment of comprehensive legislation on the environment, coveringmultiple areas of concern, is a relatively new and ongoing phenomenon inPakistan. The following section presents a brief overview of the existingnational policies and guidelines.
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2.2.1 National Conservation Strategy (NCS)
The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) is the primary policy documentof the Government of Pakistan on national environmental issues. ThePolicy was approved by the Cabinet in March 1992. The Strategy alsoattained recognition by international donor agencies, principally the WorldBank. The NCS identifies 14 core areas including conservation ofbiodiversity, pollution prevention and abatement, soil and waterconservation and preservation of cultural heritage and recommendsimmediate attention to these core areas in order to preserve the Country’senvironment.
The main objectives of the strategy are conservation of natural resources,sustainable development and improved efficiency in the use andmanagement of resources. It covers fourteen key priority areas for policyformulation and intervention, including protecting watersheds, supportingforestry and plantations, protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries,conserving biodiversity, increasing energy efficiency, and developingrenewable resources, preventing or decreasing pollution, managing urbanwastes and preserving the cultural heritage. Energy policies includepromoting efficiency and conservation as well as cogeneration, hydro,biogas, solar and new alternatives. The strategy also includes measures tocontrol and limit pollution - for example, changing import duties to favor themost fuel-efficient vehicles, and regulate gasoline, kerosene and dieselpricing to make the least polluting alternatives the most affordable.Incorporation and integration of environmental and sustainabledevelopment themes into educational curricula and in the media is also animportant feature of the strategy
2.2.2 National Environmental Policy
This policy covers all sectors and a wide range of means for promotingconservation and environmental protection in water, air and wastemanagement, forestry, and transport. The policy aims to promote protectionof the environment, the honoring of international obligations, sustainablemanagement of resources, and economic growth. It calls for the setting ofstandards and regulations for ambient and indoor air quality, vehicleemissions and manufacture, energy conservation, fuel specification andbuilding codes. It aims to promote mass transit and non-motorizedtransport as well as cleaner technologies, including, solar, hydroelectric,biogas and cogeneration with waste, and offering tax incentives for efficientproducts. It also calls for creating increased public demand for
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environmentally friendly products through education and mass awarenesscampaigns.
2.2.3 National Sanitation Policy
National Sanitation Policy of Pakistan provides a broad framework andpolicy guidelines to the Government to enhance and support sanitationcoverage in the Country through the formulation of sanitation strategies,plans and programs at all respective levels for improving the quality of lifeof the people of Pakistan and the physical environment necessary forhealthy life. The Policy will be implemented by the Federal, and LocalGovernment Agencies in accordance with the guidelines, principles andmeasures spelt out in the policy.
2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Post 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, the provincialEnvironmental Protection Agencies is fully empowered to initiate, modifyand enforce environmental legislation in their respective provinces. In theprovince of Sindh, the EPA is the prime regulatory and monitoring institute.EPA is headed by a Director General (DG) who is the lead responsibleperson for enforcement of environmental legislation. He is also responsiblefor the guidance of other provincial departments/institutes on environmentalmatters and related issues. DG EPA Sindh functions from his registeredhead office located at Karachi, however, has regional offices in other majorcities of the province functioning under senior officers.
2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES
2.4.1 The Sindh Environmental Assessment EIA/ IEE Procedures 2014
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 37 of the SindhEnvironmental Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh Environmental ProtectionAgency, with the approval of Government of Sindh has notified the ‘SindhEnvironmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial EnvironmentalExamination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, 2014’vide notification No. EPA/TECH/739/2014 dated 16th December 2014.
This regulation describes the procedure for conducting environmentalassessments and their approval process. Categories for projects requiringIEE, EIA or Environmental Checklists is mentioned in the regulation. Theenvironmental assessment includes preparation of an EnvironmentalManagement Plan (EMP).
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2.4.2 Self-Monitoring and Reporting
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 36 of the SindhEnvironmental Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh Environmental ProtectionAgency, with the approval of the Government has notified the “Self-Monitoring and Reporting by Industry Rules, 2014” vide notification No.EPA/TECH/739/2014 dated 16th December 2014.
In 2014, the Government of Sindh has taken various concrete steps toattain control over industrial pollution in the Sindh Province. The mostsignificant measure was the enactment of the Sindh EnvironmentalProtection Act 2014, which makes it an obligation upon industrial facilitiesto restrict their air emissions and effluents to the limits specified in theEnvironmental Quality Standards (EQS).
2.5 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS
2.5.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) was enacted on 6thDecember 1997, repealing the Pakistan Environmental ProtectionOrdinance, 1983. The PEPA’ 1997 provides the framework forimplementation of NCS, establishment of Provincial SustainableDevelopment Funds, Protection and conservation of species, conservationof renewable resources, implementation of NEQS, establishment ofEnvironmental Tribunals and appointment of Environmental Magistrates,Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), and Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA).
Pakistan’s Environmental Policy is based on participatory approach toachieving objectives of sustainable development through legally,administratively and technically sound institutions. The FederalEnvironment Ministry was established in Pakistan in 1975 as follow up aStockholm declaration of 1972. The Ministry was responsible forpromulgation of the environmental Protection Ordinance of Pakistan in1983. It was the first comprehensive legislation prepared in the country.The main objective of Ordinance 1983 was to establish institutions i.e., toestablish Federal and Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies andPakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC). In 1993, EnvironmentalQuality Standards (NEQS) were designed. The Act is broadly applicable toair, water, soil and noise pollution, as well as the handling of hazardouswaste. Penalties have been prescribed for those who contravene theprovisions of the Act. The powers of the Federal and Provincial
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Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) were also considerablyenhanced under this legislation and they have been given the power toconduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental laws either oftheir own accord, or upon the registration of a complaint.
2.6 SINDH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 2014
The Sindh Environmental Protection Act was notified by the ProvincialAssembly of Sindh via notification no. PAS/Legis-B-06/2014 dated March20, 2014. The Act extends to whole of the province of Sindh and is toprovide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement ofthe environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and promotionof sustainable development.
Under Section 2(xxxl), the Act defines "pollution" as the contamination ofair, land or water by the discharge or emission of effluent or wastes or airpollutants or noise or other matter which either directly or indirectly or incombination with other discharges or substances alters unfavorably thechemical, physical, biological, radiation, thermal or radiological or aestheticproperties of the air, land or water or which may, or is likely to make the air,land or water unclean, noxious or impure or injurious, disagreeable ordetrimental to the health, safety, welfare or property of persons or harmfulto biodiversity.
The Act, under Section 17, empowers the EPA Sindh to acquire from theproponent an EIA/IEE assessment document of any project prior tocommencement of any construction or operation activities. Section 19,empowers the EPA Sindh to acquire from the proponent an EMP of anyproject or activity so as to acquire comprehensive appraisal of theenvironmental aspects of that project or activity, mentioned in SindhEnvironmental Protection Act 2014
2.7 THE SINDH EPA REVIEW OF IEE AND EIA REGULATIONS 2014
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 37 of the SindhEnvironmental Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh Environmental ProtectionAgency, with the approval of Government of Sindh has notified the ‘SindhEnvironmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial EnvironmentalExamination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, 2014’vide notification No. EPA/TECH/739/2014 dated 16th December 2014.
This regulation describes the procedure for conducting environmentalassessments and their approval process. Categories for projects requiring
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IEE, EIA or Environmental Checklists is mentioned in the regulation. Theenvironmental assessment includes preparation of an EnvironmentalManagement Plan (EMP). SEPA Review of IEE/EIA regulations 2014 isattached for ready reference and further guidance.
2.7.1 Other Relevant Laws
2.7.1.1 National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance
At present, the only legislation relating to land acquisition andcompensation is the Land Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894. The LAA is,however, limited to a cash compensation policy for the acquisition of landand built-up property, and damage to other assets, such as crops, trees,and infrastructure. The LAA does not consider the rehabilitation andresettlement of disrupted population and the restoration of their livelihoods.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) came forward and provided financialand technical assistance to the GoP in 1999. The MoE and Urban Affairsthen engaged consultants who prepared the Draft National Policy which stillis in the draft form and has not yet passed cabinet approval.
2.7.1.2 Land Acquisition Act, 1894
The 1894 Land Acquisition Act (LAA) with its successive amendments isthe main law regulating land acquisition for public purpose in Pakistan. TheLAA has been variously interpreted by local governments, and someprovince has augmented the LAA by issuing provincial legislations. TheLAA and its Implementation Rules require that following an impactsassessment/valuation effort, land and crops are compensated in cash atmarket rate to titled landowners and registered land tenants/users,respectively.
The LAA mandates that land valuation is to be based on the latest 3-5years average registered land sale rates, though, in several recent casesthe median rate over the past year, or even the current rates, have beenapplied. Due to widespread land under-valuation by the RevenueDepartment, current market rates are now frequently used with an added15 per cent Compulsory Acquisition Surcharge as provided in the LAA.
Based on the LAA, only legal owners and tenants registered with theLand Revenue Department or possessing formal lease agreements areeligible for compensation or livelihood support.
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It is also noted that the LAA does not automatically mandate for specificrehabilitation / assistance provisions benefiting the poor, vulnerablegroups, or severely affected PAPs, nor it automatically provides forrehabilitation of income/livelihood losses or resettlement costs. Thishowever it is often done in many projects in form of ad hoc arrangementsbased on negotiations between a specific Environmental Approval (EA)and the PAPs.
Exceptions to the rule are intrinsic to the fact that the law is elastic andare broadly interpreted at provincial level depending on operationalrequirements, local needs, and socio-economic circumstances.
Recourse is often taken to ad hoc arrangements, agreements andunderstandings for resettlement in difficult situations. The above is alsoinfluenced by the fact that an amendment of the LAA has beenconsidered necessary by the Ministry of Environment. Accordingly, aNational Resettlement Policy (NRP) and a Resettlement Ordinance havebeen drafted to broaden LAA provisions and current practices so as towiden the scope of eligibility and tightening up loopholes (i.e. regardingdefinitions of malpractices, cut-off dates, political influence on routing,etc.). But both these documents are still awaiting government’s approvalfor implementation.
The Act would apply for all the situations during the project when land areafor the purpose of the project is needed to be acquired.
2.7.1.3 Affected Person Ordinance 2001
This Ordinance was promulgated in 2001 by the federal government toprovide relief to persons or households affected by any Project due to lossof land or displacement. The Project under review is not affected by theprovisions of this law as no displacement of population is expected tooccur.
2.7.1.4 Biodiversity Action Plan
The key to protection of the biological heritage of Pakistan lies in theinvolvement of local people and in the support provided by competentinstitutions for conservation and sustainable use. The Government ofPakistan has recognized the importance of these measures in thepreparation of the National Conservation Strategy and in becoming asignatory to, and ratifying, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in
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1994. Developing the Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan, 2000 has beenthe most significant direct steps towards addressing the biodiversity loss.
The BAP recognizes that an EIA is used as a tool at a project level toidentify environmental effects of a proposed project and to plan for reducingadverse effects. The BAP further stipulates that an EIA needs to beinitiated at an early stage of project development and that publicparticipation in the review of potential effects is important.
2.7.1.5 Canal and Drainage Act, 1873
The Canal and Drainage Act (1873) prohibits corruption or fouling of waterin canals (defined to include channels, tube wells, reservoirs andwatercourses), or obstruction of drainage. This Act will be applicable to theconstruction and O&M works to be carried out during the proposed Project.
2.7.1.6 The Sindh Irrigation Act 1879
This Act empowers the GoS to use the natural sources of water such aslakes, rivers, and streams, for supply of water for irrigation and otherpurposes. It allows the government to develop the required infrastructure,for example, canals, channels, pipelines, for the supply of water. It alsoallows the government to charge fee for the supply of water and regulatethe water supply. The Irrigation Department of the Government of Sindh isthe concerned department to which the project proponents have to apply toseek permit to obtain water from Indus River. The irrigation department willalso charge fee as per the prevalent rates.
2.7.1.7 Employment of child Act, 1991
Article 11 (3) of the Constitution of Pakistan prohibits employment ofchildren below the age of 14 years in any factory, mines or any otherhazardous employment. In accordance with this Article, the Employment ofChild Act (ECA) 1991 disallows child labor in the country. The ECA definesa child to mean a person who has not completed his/her fourteenth year ofage. The ECA states that no child shall be employed or permitted to work inany of the occupations set forth in the ECA (such as transport sector,railways, construction, and ports) or in any workshop wherein any of theprocesses defined in the Act is carried out. The processes defined in theAct include carpet weaving, bidi (kind of a cigarette) making, cementmanufacturing, textile, construction and others. REL and its contractors willbe bound by the ECA to disallow any child labor at the Project sites orcampsites.
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2.7.1.8 Cutting of Trees Act, 1975&Protection of Trees &Bush Wood Act, 1949
The Cutting of Trees Act prohibits cutting or chopping of trees without priorpermission of the Forest Department. Section 3 of this Act states “Noperson shall, without the prior written approval of the local formationcommander or an officer authorized by him in this behalf, cut fell or damageor cause to cut, fell or damage any tree.”
Similarly, the Protection of Trees and Bush wood Act, 1949 prohibits cuttingof trees and bush wood without permission of the Forest Department. TheAct was enforced to prevent unlawful removal /clearing of trees and greenareas for any reason without the consent of the Forest Department.
2.7.1.9 Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972
The Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance was approved in pursuance of theMartial Law Proclamation of 25th March, 1969. Under this Ordinance, threetypes of protected areas viz. National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and GameReserve have been notified for protection, conservation, preservation andmanagement of wildlife.
This law declares any such area and its wildlife the sole property of theGovernment, making it accessible only to public for recreation, educationand research. No hunting, shooting, trapping or killing is allowed withoutobtaining a special permit to do so within specific conditions and timelimitations.
2.7.1.10 Antiquities Act, 1975
The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservationof archaeological/historical sites and monuments.
2.7.1.11 The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994
This provincial Act empowers the Government of Sindh (GoS) to preserveand protect any premises or objects of archaeological, architectural,historical, cultural, or national interest in Sindh by declaring them protected.
Among various provisions of this act some are, formation of an AdvisoryCommittee to government to overlook and subsequent right of Acquisitionof a protected heritage of architectural, historical, archaeological or nationalvalue, custodian/guardianship rights for preservation and declaration ofprotected heritage, evaluation of ownership rights, take legal action againstany offender who attempts to damage, destroy, remove, deface, alter or
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imperil the protected heritage or to build on or near the site. It also detailsthe purchase, maintenance and repair works of a protected heritage underthe government’s jurisdiction. The advisory committee may also receivevoluntary donations towards the cost of maintenance of a protectedheritage site. The act also establishes the right of access to certainprotected heritage sites, penalties for violators, formulation of rules andprovides protection to the persons working under this Act.
2.7.1.12 Sindh Local Government Ordinances, 2001
These ordinances issued following the devolution process, establishregulations for land use, the conservation of natural vegetation, air, water,and land pollution, the disposal of solid waste and wastewater effluents aswell as matters related to public health and safety.
2.7.1.13 Forest Act, 1927
This Act provides rules and regulations for the protection of forests, controlof timber and other forest-produce transit, village forest and social forestry.The Act is being revised as the law was framed for regulating forests allover India. It was adopted as it is after the creation of Pakistan and itcontinues to remain in force till to date without assessing whether it fulfillspresent day`s requirements or not.
This act has been comprehensively formed and specifies concernedagency the power to declare protected and reserved forests by governmentnotification, powers entitled to forest settlement officers, power to acquireland over which right was claimed, powers to stop ways and water-coursesin reserved forests, healing of claims relating to shifting cultivation, powerto issue and publish notification to reserve trees, power to make rules forprotected forests, power to declare forest no longer reserved, order onrights of pasture or transit forest-produce, record keeping by the forestsettlement officer, commutation of right to appeal, time limit for resolution ofclaims and appeals, notification of acts prohibited in such forests (unlawfulcutting of trees), awarding penalties on violations.
2.7.1.14 National Forest Policy, 2001
The National Forest Policy deals with the Renewable Natural Resources(RNR) of Pakistan such as forests, watersheds, rangelands, wildlife,biodiversity and their habitats with the aim to eliminate the causes ofdepletion to such resources through the active participation of variousconcerned stakeholders and government departments.
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Some of the main elements of this policy include reducing the impact ofsocio-economic causes such as population planning, providing substitutesto firewood, poverty alleviation, reducing political interference in the forestand wildlife departments, renovating and invigorating institutions of RNR(local governments i.e. districts), policies for fragile eco-systems (mountainforests, mangroves), development of rain forests, maintaining irrigatedplantations, preservation of unique forests, protection of wildlife, rangelandsand desert eco-systems, planting of trees and fodders on farmlands andgeneral monitoring and evaluation schemes.
2.8 NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER REGULATORY AUTHORITY (NEPRA)ACT, 1997
The NEPRA Act was approved by Parliament and signed into law inDecember 1997. It seeks to create an autonomous, independent regulatoryauthority, which will be solely responsible for the power sector. It will beresponsible for the oversight of the power sector and will exercise controlthrough its power to license power generation, transmission anddistribution. It will regulate tariffs for all these activities. It will perform itsfunctions through transparent processes to be enshrined in rules that arebeing framed in a transparent manner through appropriate rules.
2.8.1 Power Policy 1998
The revised power policy was implemented in 1998. The objective andintentions of the Government of Pakistan (GOP) to new policy is to movetowards the creation of a competitive power market in Pakistan. It proposesto do so by restructuring and privatizing the existing thermal powergeneration, the power transmission and distribution functions and assets ofexisting public sector utilities (WAPDA/K-Electric), by the creation of a fullyautonomous regulatory authority, the National Electric Power RegulatoryAuthority (NEPRA), and through its future IPP policy. The salient featuresof the Policy are;
The basis for selection of private power project will be minimum level-zedtariff through International Competitive Bidding. Variable tariffs over thelife of the project will be permitted under terms specified prior to bidding.The process of selection will involve pre-qualification, issuance of aRequest for Reports (RFP), bidding and evaluation of bids against bidcriteria clearly laid out in the RFP.
It is recognized that without a proper feasibility study for a particular sitespecific hydel or indigenous coal based project, it will not be possible to
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invite competitive bids and receive firm offers. Thus, detailed feasibilitystudies for such projects will be prepared before bids are invited.
Competitive Tariffs will comprise an Energy Purchase price and aCapacity Purchase Price with adequate provisions for escalation.
2.9 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND TREATIES/CONVENTIONS
2.9.1 World Bank Guidelines on Environment
The principal World Bank publications that contain environmentalguidelines are listed below.
Environmental Assessment-Operational Policy 4.01. Washington, DC,USA. World Bank 1999
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook: Towards CleanerProduction, Environment Department, the World Bank, United NationsIndustrial Development Organization and the United NationsEnvironment Program, 1998
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Polices, Procedures,and Cross- Sectoral Issues. World Bank Technical Paper Number 139,Environment Department, the World Bank, 1991
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume III: Guidelines forEnvironmental Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects. World BankTechnical Paper No. 154, Environment Department, the World Bank,1991
The first two publications listed here provide general guidelines for theconduct of an EIA, and address the EIA practitioners themselves as well asproject designers. While the Sourcebook in particular has been designedfor the Bank projects, and is especially relevant for the impact assessmentof large-scale infrastructure projects, it contains enormous informationwhich is useful to environmentalists and project proponents.
2.9.2 International Convention on Biodiversity
The International Convention on biodiversity was adopted during the EarthSummit of 1992 at Rio de Janeiro. The Convention requires parties todevelop national plans for the conservation and sustainable use ofbiodiversity and to integrate these plans into national developmentprograms and policies. Parties are also required to identify components of
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biodiversity that are important for conservation, and to develop systems tomonitor the use of such components with a view to promoting theirsustainable use.
2.9.3 Applicable International Environmental and Occupational Safety andHealth Laws and Regulations
International and National Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), suchas the International Union for Conservation of Nature and NaturalResources (IUCN) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), have beenactive in Pakistan for some time. Both of these NGOs have worked closelywith the Governments at the Federal as well as Provincial levels and havepositively contributed to the cause of environment. They have playedsignificant role with regard to the formulation of environmental andconservation policies. And last but not the least, another the mostprominent NGO namely “Sustainable Development Policy Institute” (SDPI)has also played very significant role in upholding the cause ofenvironmental protection in Pakistan. Environmental NGOs have beenparticularly active in the advocacy for promoting sustainable developmentapproaches. Most of the government’s environmental and conservationpolicies, even at the provincial and federal levels, have been formulated inconsultation with these leading NGOs, who have also been involved indrafting new legislation on conservation.
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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
3.1 GENERALThis section deals with project components, which are the part ofinstallation of 60 MW (gross) bagasse based cogeneration power plant andits related construction activities for execution of this project. It alsodescribes the category of the project, availability of construction materials,type of vegetation in the project area, construction time and cost of theproject, construction and operation equipment etc. The informationpresented in this section is based on project site survey, preliminary designreport, and the information provided by the client.
3.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT
Acute shortage of energy in the country besides the high fuel costs and useof low quality oil is causing a significant loss of production resulting innegative economic impact. Thus, use of bagasse from local source mayprovide cost efficient energy. The use of bagasse as source of energyproduction is on high priority of government to overcome this energyshortage. Therefore, M/S Ranipur Energy Limited, are planning to set up 60MW (gross) co-generation power plant. The purpose of the project is toprovide the reliable bagasse energy with affordable cost.
In accordance with the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency Review ofInitial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact AssessmentRegulations, 2014, the project falls in Schedule –II, Part-B ‘Energy’therefore, requires the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study forsustainable development and to submit in provincial EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA), for issuance of Environmental Approval (EA).
3.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The project aims to produce electricity to supply national grid to SEPCOthus reducing the supply and demand gap. The proposed power plant is astandalone power producing unit based on Bagasse fired Boilers along withSteam Turbine Generator Set.
The main objectives of the Project are to:
Respond to the urgent need to close the widening gap between powergeneration and demand at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur,Sindh Ensure stable power supply to SEPCO
Provide employment to the local people;
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Respond to the need of improvement in quality of life throughsustainable power production systems.
3.3.1 Project Benefits The major benefit of this project is that it would generate many facilities
in the region such as communication, employment and transport. It willalso benefit the district by the development of the rural area.
The major share of the district income is from the agriculture sector.Agriculture resources can be used for conversion into value addedproducts.
3.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT
Currently, the country is facing a massive power crisis and to meet theincreasing electricity demand, it is the need of the hour to expediteregulatory approvals, mitigate losses and pay attention for fluctuationand tripping in the power generation system.
The position with regard to availability of power has deteriorated andhas compelled WAPDA to go for forced load-shedding.
3.4.1 Project Mission To undertake integrated Agriculture i.e. bagasse /husk based Energy
Projects through optimal utilization of locally available resources.
3.5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED REALISTICALLY AND REASON FORTHEIR REJECTION
3.5.1 No Action (Zero Option)This option requires the EIA to consider the potential positive and negativeimpacts that may arise if the project did not go ahead.
The project will be using available quantity of bagasse (renewable energysource) for additional generation of 60 MW (gross) electricity during 120days of cane crushing season to supply power to national grid.Displacement of fossil fuel energy production during bagasse use periodwill also result in a net reduction in CO2 emissions so contributing to thecontrol of climate change.
The project would also provide additional revenue to the sugar industrywhich will help to secure its future and so offset some of the current andincreasing pressures on the financial viability of the sugar sector.
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The zero option would, however, remove the potentially negative impacts ofthe proposed development, primarily associated with the clearing ofexisting ecological habitats during the construction of the transmission lineto Gambat Grid Station approximately 6 Km from the facility. However,there is already a grid in the close proximity to the proposed project.
3.5.2 Proposed Power Plant SiteWhen the need for additional power generation capacity was confirmed,
REL had reviewed a number of sitting options prior to the selection of the
final proposed location.
Selection of site for installation of a cogeneration power plant is based on
following criteria:
Availability of land
Availability of fuel
Availability of water for cooling and process;
Access to electric grid station and transmission system;
Availability of infrastructure;
Availability of managerial and skilled personnel.
The cogeneration power plant, under reference of this EIA is intrinsically
linked with the sugar factory as discussed within the project description.
This linkage is twofold, firstly the supply of bagasse from the factory to the
cogeneration power plant and secondly the provision of steam to the
factory from the cogeneration plant with the return of good quality
condensate. Due to the physical restrictions within the RSML factory site
and the requirements for the two plants to be in close proximity, no
practical alternative site locations exist, except the site that has been
proposed.
Major relocation of the plant, away from the RSML sugar factory, would add
significant additional capital and operational costs (steam/condensate pipe
work and bagasse transport) and was not therefore considered a practical
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or reasonable option. The base case site is also the least environmentally
sensitive of any alternative location that may exist around the site.
The proposed site; adjacent to the RSML; has the entire infrastructureavailable. Water will be available from tube-wells (ground water) and analternative surface water source of nearby canal; SEPCO proposed 132kVGambat Grid Station is located at about 6 kilometers distance; adequateworkshop and maintenance facilities, along with trained, experienced andskilled workshop technicians are available who are already running theworkshop available at RSML. Similarly, experienced and skilled managerialmanpower is also available in the area.
3.5.3 Cogeneration OptionCogeneration has been adopted as standard means of energy generationsince long by the sugar industry. With the use of efficient processing andenergy management systems, energy from bagasse, over and above thesugar factory needs, is available and can be exported conveniently in theform of electric power. Application of sugar cogeneration will replace a partof fossil-based electricity generation leading to a more sustainable mix inpower generation.
Cogeneration with power export will assist in reducing greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions. In order to continue reliable, efficient and safeoperation, the existing steam and power generation system will be closeddown and replaced with the more efficient system in proposed power plant.Presently, sugar industry world-wide except for Pakistan uses high-pressure boilers by burning bagasse and the high pressure steam forpower generation and the low pressure steam for process heat.Introduction of high-pressure technology in Pakistan will result in morepower production to supply to the national grid and less emission of GHG.
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Figure-3.1: Location of Project Plant Site
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Figure-3.2: Plant Layout Map
LAB
R A N I P U R - K H A I R P U R ROAD
VerticalCrysti-lizer
ProcessHouse
ExistingPowerHouse
ProposedPowerHouse
BaggingHouse
Water Tanks
Clarif. House
Mill House
MAIN GATE
Spray Pond
MolassesPits
Road
CANEGATE
BASIC OUTLINE OFPLANT STRUCTURE
FOR PROPOSEDAPPROX. 60MWCOGENERATION
POWER PROJECT BYM/S RANIPUR
ENERGY (PVT) LTD.
Store Back Side Yard
MAIN OFFICE
Work Shop &Store
Proposed 132kVSwitchyard
Existing Boilers
Proposed HighPressure Boiler
Injection Pumps,WAPDA Transformer
Room, ElectricalPanel and Diesel
Generator
Godown Area
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3.5.4 Options for BoilersThe only option to use the bagasse effectively is the combustion route,where the bagasse is combusted in a boiler to generate steam. However,because of the nature of and characteristics of bagasse, both atmospheric& circulating fluidized bed technologies (AFBC and CFBC) and thepulverized fuel (PF) combustion technologies are not suitable for the stand-alone combustion of bagasse.
Many options are available for selection of boiler pressures andtemperature. Table - 3.1, below, presents the production of steam andexpected power generation at various pressure/temperature levels.
Table 3.1: Production of Steam and Power Generation
Steam Cycle(Bar/o C)
SteamProduction
(tonnes)
Power Generation(kW)
21/340 2,50 227.3
32/380 2.43 286.0
42/400 2.40 313.0
45/440 2.33 328.0
67/480 2.27 378.0
87/510 2.24 401.0
110-125/540 2.21 437.0
Using bagasse as fuel and travelling grate furnace, the optimum option isselection of boiler pressure at or close to 110-125/540(pressure/temperature). At higher pressures the steam turbine efficiencyalso increases. A change in pressure cycle from 21/340 to 110-125/540increases the power generation by 88%. Under the circumstance theselected boilers with high pressure is the best alternative. REL isconsidering with 110-125 bar / 540⁰C.
3.5.5 RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVESRenewable resources such as wind power, micro hydro, and solarphotovoltaic are not feasible options at the current time, but are subject tofuture consideration, particularly with respect to the price of fuel. Withavailability of bagasse for approximately 180 days the option of using otherrenewable energy sources will be highly cost ineffective.
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3.6 ANALYSIS OF COGENERATION
Cogeneration has been adopted as standard means of energy generationsince long by the sugar industry. With the use of efficient processing andenergy management systems, energy from bagasse, over and above thesugar factory needs, is available and can be exported conveniently in theform of electric power. Application of sugar cogeneration will replace a partof fossil-based electricity generation leading to a more sustainable mix inpower generation. Cogeneration with power export will assist in reducinggreenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions.
3.7 ANALYSIS OF FUEL
Fossil energy resources consist primarily of natural gas and furnace oil.Domestic oil supply is considered negligible and natural gas resources arebecoming scarce in Sindh. Moreover, domestic coal is very high in sulphurand ash content, which will lead to severe environmental hazards. Theproject’s proposal for using bagasse is the best option for environmentaland economic reasons. In the absence of any cheaper fuel, bagasseutilization is of prime importance.
3.8 VEGETATION FEATURES OF THE SITE
The project site and its vicinity have some sort of shrubs with no significantenvironmental importance. The land is barren and not cultivated during thesite visits except some part of land which is far away from the proposedproject site.
3.9 COST AND MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION
The project cost as initially estimated will be US$ 84 million. This costestimate has been prepared in April, 2017. The quantities have beenworked out from the design drawings. The rates for cost estimates arebased on construction work, contractor cost, cost of land, and cost of theraw materials, environmental cost and with about ±10% escalation for theyear 2017.
3.10 SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION
It is planned that the following schedule of project implementation will beadhered to. This is subject to the conditions that everything goes accordingto planning and no serious bottlenecks are encountered.
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The implementation stages of the project activity include:1st Stage
The stage-1 comprises the onsite contouring studies and soilinvestigations.
2nd Stage
The stage - 2 comprises the following task:
i- Laying of foundations excavation and commencement of erectionwork.
ii- Start of civil, electrical and mechanical work.
iii- Development of basic infrastructure.
iv- Fitting of instrumentation.
3rdStage
The stage - 3 comprises the following task:
v- Plant Equipment erection completion.
vi- Completion of the basic infrastructures water supply system,electricity supply etc.
4thStage
The stage - 3 comprises the Tests & Commissioning.
5th Stage
The Last stage will be commencement of regular production (December2019).
3.11 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT (PROCESS FLOW CHART/STEPS)
Project is installation of 60 MW bagasse fired power plant. A flow sheetdiagram of the proposed project is given in Figure - 3.3.
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Figure - 3.3: Process Flow Sheet Diagram of the Project
3.11.1 Technical Aspects
Co-generation based on Rankine Cycle is not new to the sugar industry,however, Co-generation based on high pressure boilers and extractioncondensing or straight condensing machines are definitely new to theindustry. In olden days, the power cycle adopted was bases on 14 kg/cm2
(g) and 21 kg/cm2 (g). This has been gradually increasing to 32 kg/cm2, (g),45 kg/cm2, (g), 66 kg/cm2, (g), 86 kg/cm2, (g), 110 kg/cm2, (g) and nowstabilized at 125 kg/cm2 (g) and 5400C. With the size of the co-generationplant going above 40MW the use of 135 kg/cm2 (g) pressure cycles arebeing explored. The following highlights a few of the technical issues fordesigning of the co-generation projects.
3.11.1.1 The Basic Design of the Co-Generation Plant
Basically the co-generation plant configuration is site specific, even though,
even though some amount of standardization could be made for the gross
root plants. The scheme should consider the available bagasse, the
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Figure - 3.3: Process Flow Sheet Diagram of the Project
3.11.1 Technical Aspects
Co-generation based on Rankine Cycle is not new to the sugar industry,however, Co-generation based on high pressure boilers and extractioncondensing or straight condensing machines are definitely new to theindustry. In olden days, the power cycle adopted was bases on 14 kg/cm2
(g) and 21 kg/cm2 (g). This has been gradually increasing to 32 kg/cm2, (g),45 kg/cm2, (g), 66 kg/cm2, (g), 86 kg/cm2, (g), 110 kg/cm2, (g) and nowstabilized at 125 kg/cm2 (g) and 5400C. With the size of the co-generationplant going above 40MW the use of 135 kg/cm2 (g) pressure cycles arebeing explored. The following highlights a few of the technical issues fordesigning of the co-generation projects.
3.11.1.1 The Basic Design of the Co-Generation Plant
Basically the co-generation plant configuration is site specific, even though,
even though some amount of standardization could be made for the gross
root plants. The scheme should consider the available bagasse, the
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Figure - 3.3: Process Flow Sheet Diagram of the Project
3.11.1 Technical Aspects
Co-generation based on Rankine Cycle is not new to the sugar industry,however, Co-generation based on high pressure boilers and extractioncondensing or straight condensing machines are definitely new to theindustry. In olden days, the power cycle adopted was bases on 14 kg/cm2
(g) and 21 kg/cm2 (g). This has been gradually increasing to 32 kg/cm2, (g),45 kg/cm2, (g), 66 kg/cm2, (g), 86 kg/cm2, (g), 110 kg/cm2, (g) and nowstabilized at 125 kg/cm2 (g) and 5400C. With the size of the co-generationplant going above 40MW the use of 135 kg/cm2 (g) pressure cycles arebeing explored. The following highlights a few of the technical issues fordesigning of the co-generation projects.
3.11.1.1 The Basic Design of the Co-Generation Plant
Basically the co-generation plant configuration is site specific, even though,
even though some amount of standardization could be made for the gross
root plants. The scheme should consider the available bagasse, the
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variation in the bagasse availability. Considering the variation in the
bagasse availability and the possible variation in the process steam
consumption and the number of days of operation, maybe it is better to go
down size of the plant and ensure maximum plant load factors. The plant
cycle should be optimized to give best efficiency.
Even though there is no limit to the achievable steam pressure and
temperatures with bagasse firing, it is essential a cost benefit study is made
before deciding on the steam cycle parameters. In such a study proper
consideration should be given to the cost aspect of the higher grade
metallurgy of the turbine and the boiler, specifically the super-heater and
the piping. With the industry almost systems; their co-generation efficiency
ranges from 84% to 92%.
Based on priority in utilizing the available energy, electricity or heat, co-
generation systems are classified as topping cycle (where priority is for
generating electricity) and bottoming cycle (where heat takes priority over
electricity).
3.11.1.2 Topping Cycle
The topping cycle is the most commonly used method of co-generation. Inthis cycle, fuel is used first for producing electricity and then for heat.Steam turbine topping cycles are commonly used in the pulp and paperindustry; heat recovery and combined cycle systems are used in manychemical plants; and gas turbine cycles are useful in central heating orcooling systems.
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Fig 3.4: Back-pressure steam turbine system
3.11.2 Technology Description3.11.2.1 Basic Process
The thermodynamic cycle for the steam turbine is known as the Rankinecycle. This cycle is the basis for conventional power generating stationsand consists of a heat source (boiler) that converts water to high pressuresteam. In the steam cycle, water is first pumped to elevated pressure,which is medium to high pressure, depending on the size of the unit andthe temperature to which the steam is eventually heated. It is then heatedto the boiling temperature corresponding to the pressure, boiled (heatedfrom liquid to vapor), and then most frequently super heated (heated to atemperature above that of boiling).
The pressurized steam is expanded to lower pressure in a turbine, thenexhausted either to a condenser at vacuum conditions, or into anintermediate temperature steam distribution system that delivers the steamto the industrial or commercial application. The condensate from thecondenser or from the industrial steam utilization system is returned to thefeed water pump for continuation of the cycle.
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Fig 3.4: Back-pressure steam turbine system
3.11.2 Technology Description3.11.2.1 Basic Process
The thermodynamic cycle for the steam turbine is known as the Rankinecycle. This cycle is the basis for conventional power generating stationsand consists of a heat source (boiler) that converts water to high pressuresteam. In the steam cycle, water is first pumped to elevated pressure,which is medium to high pressure, depending on the size of the unit andthe temperature to which the steam is eventually heated. It is then heatedto the boiling temperature corresponding to the pressure, boiled (heatedfrom liquid to vapor), and then most frequently super heated (heated to atemperature above that of boiling).
The pressurized steam is expanded to lower pressure in a turbine, thenexhausted either to a condenser at vacuum conditions, or into anintermediate temperature steam distribution system that delivers the steamto the industrial or commercial application. The condensate from thecondenser or from the industrial steam utilization system is returned to thefeed water pump for continuation of the cycle.
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Fig 3.4: Back-pressure steam turbine system
3.11.2 Technology Description3.11.2.1 Basic Process
The thermodynamic cycle for the steam turbine is known as the Rankinecycle. This cycle is the basis for conventional power generating stationsand consists of a heat source (boiler) that converts water to high pressuresteam. In the steam cycle, water is first pumped to elevated pressure,which is medium to high pressure, depending on the size of the unit andthe temperature to which the steam is eventually heated. It is then heatedto the boiling temperature corresponding to the pressure, boiled (heatedfrom liquid to vapor), and then most frequently super heated (heated to atemperature above that of boiling).
The pressurized steam is expanded to lower pressure in a turbine, thenexhausted either to a condenser at vacuum conditions, or into anintermediate temperature steam distribution system that delivers the steamto the industrial or commercial application. The condensate from thecondenser or from the industrial steam utilization system is returned to thefeed water pump for continuation of the cycle.
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3.11.2.2 Components
A schematic representation of a steam turbine power system is shownbelow.In the simple schematic shown, a fuel boiler produces steam which isexpanded in the steam turbine to produce power. When the system isdesigned for power generation only, such as in a large utility power system,the steam is exhausted from the turbine at the lowest practical pressure,through the use of a water-cooled condenser to extract the maximumamount of energy from the steam.
Fig 3.5: Boiler / Steam Turbine System
3.11.2.3 Details of the Generation Facility/ Power Plant
Table 3.1: General Information
1. Name of facility Ranipur Energy (Pvt.) Limited
2. Registered/Business Office C-98, kahkashan Scheme No. 5, Block
No.2, Clifton Karachi
3. Plant Location Ranipur Sugar Mills (Pvt) Ltd, Ranipur,
Kot Taluka Digi, Dist. Khairpur, Sindh.
4. Type of Generation Facility Bagasse Based Cogeneration Facility.
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3.11.2.2 Components
A schematic representation of a steam turbine power system is shownbelow.In the simple schematic shown, a fuel boiler produces steam which isexpanded in the steam turbine to produce power. When the system isdesigned for power generation only, such as in a large utility power system,the steam is exhausted from the turbine at the lowest practical pressure,through the use of a water-cooled condenser to extract the maximumamount of energy from the steam.
Fig 3.5: Boiler / Steam Turbine System
3.11.2.3 Details of the Generation Facility/ Power Plant
Table 3.1: General Information
1. Name of facility Ranipur Energy (Pvt.) Limited
2. Registered/Business Office C-98, kahkashan Scheme No. 5, Block
No.2, Clifton Karachi
3. Plant Location Ranipur Sugar Mills (Pvt) Ltd, Ranipur,
Kot Taluka Digi, Dist. Khairpur, Sindh.
4. Type of Generation Facility Bagasse Based Cogeneration Facility.
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3.11.2.2 Components
A schematic representation of a steam turbine power system is shownbelow.In the simple schematic shown, a fuel boiler produces steam which isexpanded in the steam turbine to produce power. When the system isdesigned for power generation only, such as in a large utility power system,the steam is exhausted from the turbine at the lowest practical pressure,through the use of a water-cooled condenser to extract the maximumamount of energy from the steam.
Fig 3.5: Boiler / Steam Turbine System
3.11.2.3 Details of the Generation Facility/ Power Plant
Table 3.1: General Information
1. Name of facility Ranipur Energy (Pvt.) Limited
2. Registered/Business Office C-98, kahkashan Scheme No. 5, Block
No.2, Clifton Karachi
3. Plant Location Ranipur Sugar Mills (Pvt) Ltd, Ranipur,
Kot Taluka Digi, Dist. Khairpur, Sindh.
4. Type of Generation Facility Bagasse Based Cogeneration Facility.
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Table 3.2: Plant Configuration
1. Plant size Installed Capacity
(Gross ISO)
60 MW (Gross)
2. Type of Technology Steam Turbine Generator
3. Number of Unit Generator No.1
4. Size of Units (MW) 1 x 60 MW
5. Unit Make & Model Under
consideration
(imported)
6. Commissioning/Commercial
Operation date (of each
Unit)
1st quarter of 2019
Minimum Expected Life of
the Facility form
Commercial
Operation/Commissioning
Date
30 Years
Table 3.3: Fuel Details
(i) Primary Fuel Bagasse
(ii) Alternate / Backup Fuel Biomass
(iii) Fuel Source for each of the
above (i.e Imported/
Indigenous)
Indigenous
(iv
)
Fuel Source (Imported /
Indigenous)
Primary Fuel Alternate / Back-up
Fuel
Bagasse Biomass
(v) Fuel Supplier From Sugar Mills From Any Supplier
(vi
)
Supply
Arrangement
Primary
Fuel
Alternate/
Back- Up Fuel
Through Conveyor
Belts/
Through Loading
(vii Sugarcane Crushing 8000 TCD
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) Capacity
(vii
i)
Bagasse Generation
Capacity2400 Ton/Day
(ix
)
Fuel Storage facilities Primary
Fuel
Alternate/
Back- Up Fuel
Within
Premises
Yard
Near Boiler
(x) Capacity of Storage Facilities Primary
Fuel
Alternate/
Back- Up Fuel
120000 TonStore-
1
Sto
re-2
Stor
e-3
Stor
e-4
10000
tonx x x
(xi
)
Gross Storage Capacity Primary
Fuel
Alternate / Backup Fuel
130000 Ton x
Table 3.4: Emission Values
1. Oxide of Sulfer (Sox) Not Applicable
2. Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) 650 mg/Nm3
3. Carbon Monoxide ()CO 986 mg/Nm3
4. Particulate Matter (PM10 ) Not Applicable
Table 3.5: Cooling System
1. Cooling water
Source/Cycle
Canal Water obtained through tube
wells/Closed Loop + R.O(Treated water)
Table 3.6: REL Plant Description
(i) Plant size installed capacity 60 MW (Gross)
(ii) Type of Technology Cogeneration Plant with
high pressure boiler of 110-
125 bar, 540⁰ C class; turbo
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generator with extraction
steam and condenser,
cooling towers and balance
of plant
(iii) Number of Units/Size (MW) 1 x 60 MW
(iv) Fuel Bagasse except for start up
(iv) Unit Make/ Model & Year of Manufacture New boiler, steam turbine
turbo generator, switch gear
and BOP
(v) Commissioning/Commercial Operation
date of each Unit of the Generation
Facility
Within 20 months from
financial Close
(vi) Expected Useful Life of the each Unit of
the eneration Facility from its
Commercial Operation/ Commissioning
Date
30 years
(vii) Expected Remaining useful Life of each
Unit of the Generation Facility (at the time
of grant of (Generation License)
30 years
(viii
)
Generation Voltage 11000 Volts
(ix) Frequency 50 Hz
(x) Power Factor 0.8
(xi) Automatic Generation Control (AGC) Yes
(xii) Ramping Rate 3.2 Kw/sec
(xiii
)
Time required to Synchronize to Grid 10 hours for cold start
Table 3.7: Technical Details of Proposed Co-Generation Power Plant
Description Season Off- Season
Days 120 60
Gross Capacity ( MW) 60 60
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Description Season Off- Season
Auxiliary Consumption ( MW) 6 6
Net Installed capacity ( MW) 54 54
Sugar Mills Consumption (
MW)
8 0.50
Exportable Capacity to Grid 46 53.5
Total Bagasse Generated 288,000 Tons -
Total Bagasse Consumed 192,000 Tons 96,000 Tons
Off-season steam generation 422,400 Tons 211,200 Tons
3.12 CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS & OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
3.12.1 Construction Materials
Comparatively reasonable quantities of buildings and other facilityconstruction materials will be required for construction of the proposedfacility. The materials mainly required are listed below:
Coarse and fine aggregate for concrete works
Sandy gravel for backfilling, embankment raising, etc.
Cement
Steel
Bitumen
Electric Equipments
Lights
Other materials etc.
3.12.2 Construction Camps
The establishment of the construction camp will be done within the plantfacility. Location of the camp will be selected in a way that there will not beany disturbance to the nearest community and it is also close to the site ofwork or within the project site. Camp will be properly fenced and guarded.This site camp will be constructed mainly for construction staff and toaccommodate Contractor’s machinery. The area of the camp will be keptsufficiently large to accommodate parking areas for machinery,construction materials and workshops.
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3.12.3 Work Force and Work Machinery
The details of the construction staff has been shown below in Table - 3.8.The labour will work in one-shift of eight (8) hours. The constructionmachinery which will be utilized for construction is shown in Table- 3.9.
Table - 3.8: List of Construction Staff
Sr.No.
Category of Staff Tentative Number
1 Engineer 5
2 Construction Manager 1
3 Planning Engineer 3
4 Material Engineer 3
5 Site Engineer 2
6 Supervisor 5
7 Foreman 15
8 Skilled Worker 30
9 Semi Skilled Worker 50
10 Machinery Operator 16
11 Admin. 2
Table - 3.9: List of Construction Machinery to be used forConstruction
Sr.No.
Type of Machinery Quantity
1 Excavator 1
2 Dumper& Loader 1
3 Tractor & Trolley 4
4 Water Bowser 1
5 Lift/Crane 1
6 Generator 1
7 Concrete Pump 3
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Sr.No.
Type of Machinery Quantity
8 Water Pump 3
9 Welding Plant 5
10 Concrete Mixing Plant 1
At operation stage, the project proponent will be involved for operation andmaintenance of the proposed facility.
3.13 PLANT AND MACHINERY
3.13.1 Bagasse Handling System
Bagasse generated from the Sugar Mill is fed to the existing boilers through
a conveying system & surplus bagasse is conveyed to the storage area.
The conveyor is proposed to be modified to handle the additional quantity &
extended to feed the new Boiler.
Excess bagasse from the New Boiler will be fed to a conveyor and
conveyed to the Yard in parallel to the existing Conveyer.
During off season/ stoppage of Mill, the stored Bagasse will be fed using
the existing Return Conveyor and dropped to a new conveyor proposed for
the Boiler.
3.13.2 Ash Handling System
Ash handling system will comprise;
A. Bed Ash: Submerged Ash conveyor
The bed ash is collected in front of the boiler in a submerged AshConveyor and conveyed to MS Ah Silo of about minimum 8 hrs storage(Keeping future expansion) through a Belt Conveyor.
B. Fly Ash: Pneumatic Ash Handling
It is envisaged to provide Dense Phase type Ash Handling System forhandling Fly ash generated from Air pre-heater, Economizer & Electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The system will consist of Surge Hoppersbelow Air pre-heater, Economizer and ESP hopper, Conveying Pipesand Ash storage Silo for minimum 8 hrs storage capacity (Keepingfuture expansion).
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3.13.3 Cooling Tower
Cooling towers of induced Draft, Counter Flow type shall be provided. The
cooling tower will have RCC basin & filled with PVC film. The cooling tower
shall be designed for catering the cooling water requirement for the Cogen
plant auxiliaries including condenser, oil coolers, air coolers, air
compressors, Boiler feed pumps, etc.
The cooling water system will be provided with chlorination dosing system
and circulating water chemical treatment system to prevent against algae
growth and to maintain circulating water quality.
3.13.4 Compressed Air System
This compressor system will meet with both instrument air as well as theservice air requirement of the plant. The service air shall be tapped off fromthe air receiver, without passing through the air dryer. Compressed airsystem will consist of Compressors, inter & after Cooler, Refrigeration Typeair Drier, Air receiver & Instrument Air Distribution Network. The distributionNetwork will cover instrument air requirement for the pneumatic devices inpower plant.
3.13.5 Thermal Insulation
All exposed portions of the plant, which operate at temperature of 600oCand above during normal operation will be thermally insulated. The thermalinsulation is carried out to restrict the temperature on the souter surface ofthe cladding to 200oC above ambient. The insulation is designed based ona wind velocity of 3m/sec.
3.13.6 Personal Protection
Piping and equipment within reach that do not require insulation to preventheat loss, but having a surface temperature exceeding 600oC will beinsulated for personal protection
3.13.7 Ventilation and Air Conditioning System
Ventilation and Air conditioning facilities will be provided for the variousplant premises to ensure proper working environment both for men &machines and to maintain necessary environmental conditions for properstorage of plant machinery, Equipment and Materials. While the ControlRoom will be provided with Floor standing / wall mounted Split ACs. Redial
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Exhaust Fans will be provided in the TG Hall & Electrical Switchgear Roomfor proper ventilation.
3.14 GOVERNMENT APPROVALS AND LEASES REQUIRED BY PROJECT
The approvals have been applied for. The environmental approvalaccording to the Section 17 of Sindh Environmental Protection Act-2014 isthe mandatory requirement of the project. All the other approvals pertainingto the project are under process from various departments.
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4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the baseline conditions, which cover the existingphysical, ecological and socio-economic environment of the Study Area.Information on these aspects has been derived from the desk study ofavailable data, field visits to the project area as well as information obtainedthrough visits to the Government departments and other agencies namelyIrrigation Department, Meteorological Department, Forest offices andprevailing environmental laws and environmental quality standards etc.
4.1.1 Desk Studies
Building design data was collected from proponent. This data included theavailable documents, drawings, reports, etc related to the proposed projectof commercial and related utilities. The experts conducted a detailed deskstudy of the above available data before the field visit. Salient features ofthe project were thoroughly reviewed to assess their environmentalimplications. The documents which were consulted and departments visitedare project site, Irrigation Department, Meteorological Department, Forestoffices and other related officials.
4.1.2 Site Visits
A team of experts visited to the proposed site for collection of baselineenvironmental data for ambient air, noise levels, drinking water and wastewater sampling, public consultation, baseline ecological environment dataetc.
After the survey of the project area the environmental data regardingphysical, ecological and socioeconomic aspects were collected for carryingout environmental assessment. Secondary data were also collected fromvarious sources mainly studies carried out by project proponents andreports of other line Departments. A social survey of the proposed areawas carried in which people living around the proposed site wereinterviewed to ascertain their views about the building and utility facilitiescommissioning and operational activities to perceive the impacts on thenatural and socioeconomic environment around the proposed project site.This included information on land, surface water, groundwater, air,vegetation, animals and human.
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4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.2.1 Topography
The proposed project activities will be carried out within the Kot Digi Talukaof the Khairpur Districts respectively.
The north-western part of Nara is composed of a series of low lyinghills/ridges (100 m high) of limestone that run for 45 km from north east tosouth east. An old flood course or branch of River Indus called Narapasses through the western portion of the desert zone. It was turned to aperennial canal taken out from Guddu Barrage. The areas adjacent to Naracanal watered by lift irrigation is quite fertile and presents a scene of anoasis in the vast desert composed of sand dunes of considerable height.The soils of Khairpur can be divided into four broader types:
Loamy and some stratified soils of young flood plains,
Loamy and clayey soils of older river plains,
Rock outcrops with very patchy cover of heterogeneous soil material
of the western mountainous region,
Rolling to hilly sandy soils of aeolian deserts.
In terms of natural vegetation, tropical thorn (or rakh) is found in the activeand old flood plain of Indus while desert (desertic and semi-desertic)vegetation is found in the Nara zone. Climatically Khairpur is hot and aridand receives a very little average annual rainfall. In terms of rainfall, thedistrict can be divided into two zones. The North western zone receives anaverage annual rainfall from 125-255 mm whereas the south western zoneis drier receiving, on average, less than 125 mm annual rainfall. January isthe coolest month when the mean minimum temperature may fall to 7°Cwhile May and June are the hottest months when the mean maximumtemperature may rise to 45°C.
In terms of land use, major portion of the district can be termed roughgrazing land followed by lands/areas that are devoid of any vegetationcover. The northwestern portion of the district is under arable agriculturewhile a very small portion of the district has a forest cover.
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Figure - 4.1: Location of Project District
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4.2.2 Soils
Soils form major part of environment. Their fertility and other specialcharacteristics have great relationship with environment. Climate has greatinfluence on the formation of soil, therefore, study of these factors is ofgreat importance. Soil is dynamic layer in which many complex physical,chemical and biological activities are taking place. Therefore, soil is adynamic changing body.
Soil scientists restrict the word soil or solum to the surface materials whichover the ages have adopted the distinctive layers or horizon. Soils aremade up of solids, liquids and gases. The solid part of the soil is made upof both inorganic and organic. While weathering of rocks make inorganicparticles, the organic solids consist of living and decayed plants. In order toclassify the entire soils in Pakistan, the Soil Survey of Pakistan has dividedthe entire country into nine ecological zones. The soil of area on the wholeis very fertile.
Figure - 4.2: Soil Map of Khairpur District
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4.2.3 Geology
Geologically major portion of Khairpur is formed of sedimentary & volcanicrocks of quaternary type while a tiny portion in the north is of tertiary type.
Khairpur can be divided into three broader zones. The area lying in thevicinity of River Indus is part of Indus's active flood plain. Next to this is thearea irrigated by a network of canals. Four main canals pass through thedistrict including Khairpur West, Rohri, Khairpur East and Nara canals. Thiszone is part of Indus's old flood plain, is quite fertile and remains underyear long cultivation. The project site is located at 2.7 Km from the Rohricanal.
Major area of the district is under the desert zone called Nara (Piedmontplains) that makes part of the eastern desert zone of Pakistan. It is placedbetween Cholistan in Punjab and Thar in Sindh. The north-western part ofNara is composed of a series of low lying hills/ridges (100 m high) oflimestone that run for 45 km from north east to south east.
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Figure 4.3: Geological Map of Khairpur District
Khairpur District
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4.2.4 Seismology
Pakistan is located in the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone, which is roughly 200km north of the Himalaya Front and is defined by an exposed ophiolitechain along its southern margin. This region has the highest rates ofseismicity and largest earthquakes in the Himalaya region, caused mainlyby movement on thrust faults. Figure 4.4 shows the location of SeismicMonitoring Station of Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). Fromfigure it could be seen that there is no PMD seismic station available in theproject area.
According to seismic zones of Pakistan developed by Geological CenterQuetta, the project area falls under category 2A of minor to moderatedamage seismic activity. As per last year seismicity report issued byPakistan Meteorological Department frequency of earthquake in projectarea and its surrounding is very low. The Ranipur Sugar Mill lies in 2Acategory as shown in the Figure - 4.4.
Figure - 4.4: Seismic Map of Pakistan
According to Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan included in the PakistanBuilding Code Seismic Provisions (2007), the project site falls in Zone 2A,
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therefore project structures should be designed in accordance with therequirement of seismic designing Zone 2A after giving due consideration tothe foundation material.
4.2.5 WATER RESOURCES
4.2.5.1 Surface WaterThere is Rohri canal at a distance of 2.7 Km from the site as natural
surface water resource in the project area. This canal brings water from the
Indus River and irrigates parts of the agriculture land located in the western
portion of the area.
4.2.5.2 Ground waterThe project area predominantly comprise of sand dunes. This part of desertarea, owing to low rainfalls, high runoff potential and high evaporationrates; has limited supply of fresh groundwater. In the desert; thin freshwater lenses and perched. Fresh water aquifers are the only source ofwater supply. Precipitation being low in the area does not significantlyaffect the water table. It only benefits the desert dwellers, where rainwateron a limited scale temporarily fills the Tars or Tals and recharges the dugwells, only to sustain their demands for a few months. The people ofdeserts are largely dependent on the period for which this supply of waterlasts. Water is extracted through hand pumps or tars (open wells excavatedin low lying depressions). The water table of project area lies at a depth ofabout 80 to 100 feet. The only source of water for human beings andlivestock is derived from dugout/natural ponds, in which the water is storedduring monsoon season.
4.2.5.3 Water qualityWater quality analysis was carried out in the project area as part of the EIAstudy. For this purpose, water samples were taken from main sourcesbeing used by residents for different purposes. These sources include, wellwater, ground water and surface water. The various parameters wereanalyzed in each sample and thereafter compared with Sindh Standards forDrinking Water Quality. All these parameters of water play an importantrole, especially in determining its quality and suitability for particularapplications. At present, sources of water contamination are very common,mainly caused by disposal of domestic and livestock wastes by localcommunities. Analysis of some criteria pollutants including heavy metalswas conducted to determine their extent in water samples.
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4.2.6 Meteorology and Climatology
Sindh is divided into three climatic regions: Siro (the upper region, centredon Jacobabad), Wicholo (the middle region, centred on Hyderabad), andLar (the lower region, centered on Karachi). The thermal equator passesthrough upper Sindh, where the air is generally very dry. Central Sindh'stemperatures are generally lower than those of upper Sindh but higher thanthose of lower Sindh. Dry hot days and cool nights are typical during thesummer. The climate of project area is typically of the upper Sindh region.There are two well defined seasons, hot and cold. The former begins at theend of March and extends till October. May, June and July are the hottestmonths. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this periodare about 42 0C and 27 0C, respectively.
December, January and February are the coldest months. The meanmaximum andminimum temperatures during this period are about 25 0Cand 7 0C, respectively. The generally estimated average annual rainfall inthe area is 5.47 inches (139 mm). Observatory record of the PakistanMeteorological Department (PMD) at Sukkur has been used as a data forwhole project area because no metrological station is located in projectarea.
Over the course of last five year, the temperature near project area typicallyvaried from 7°C to 44°C and is rarely below 5°C or above 46°C. The warmseason lasted from April 26 to July 29 with an average daily hightemperature above 40°C. The hottest day of the year is May 21, with anaverage high of 44°C and low of 28°C. The cold season lasted fromDecember 7 to February 23 with an average daily high temperature below25°C. The coldest day of the year is January 1, with an average low of 7°Cand high of 21°C.
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Figure 4.5: Maximum & Minimum Temperature during Last one Year
Humidity is an important factor in determining how weather conditions feelto a person experiencing them. Hot and humid days feel even hotter thanhot and dry days because the high level of water content in humid airdiscourages the evaporation of sweat from a person's skin. The dailyminimum humidity is more relevant for understanding daytime comfort thanthe daily maximum humidity which typically occurs during the night.
The relative humidity typically ranges from 20% (dry) to 91% (very humid)over the course of the year, rarely dropping below 15% (very dry), orexceeding 95% (very humid). The air is driest around May 20, at which timethe relative humidity drops below 23% (dry) three days out of four; it is mosthumid around December 31, exceeding 89% (very humid) three days out offour.
The average daily high (blue) and low (brown) relative humidity withpercentile bands for last one year are shown in figure.
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Figure 4.6: Minimum & Maximum Relative Humidity during Last one Year
Project area is characterized by high wind velocity, massive shifting androlling of sand dunes; high diurnal variation of temperature; scanty rainfall;extreme solar radiation and high rate of evapo-transpiration. Over thecourse of previous five year for Khairpur; typical wind speeds vary from 0m/s to 6 m/s (calm to moderate breeze), rarely exceeding 8 m/s (freshbreeze). The highest average wind speed of 3 m/s (light breeze) occursaround June 6, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 6m/s (moderate breeze). The lowest average wind speed of 0 m/s (light air)occurs around December 13, at which time the average daily maximumwind speed is 2 m/s (light breeze).
The wind is most often out of the north east (11% of the time) and southeast (11% of the time). The wind is least often out of the west (1% of thetime), north (1% of the time), north west (3% of the time), east (3% of thetime), and south west (4% of the time). The average daily minimum (red),maximum (green), and average (black) wind speed with percentile bandsfor last one year are shown in figure.
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Figure 4.7: Wind Speed (M/S) During Last one Year
4.2.7 Ambient Air & Noise
In the absence of acute industrial units and mobile vehicular traffic there isno brown pollution exists in the project corridor. The air quality in the areais generally good, with negligible sources of pollution like emissions fromvehicular traffic causes smoke and dust emissions whose effect islocalized.
Overall Air monitoring indicates that average concentrations of CO, NO2
and SO2 were found below the permissible limits regulated by SEQS, 2014for ambient air. Environment have been described on the basis ofsecondary data
4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DATA
Water samples were collected from various points in the project area duringthe field survey for water quality analysis. The project site is plain. Detail ofunderground water is shown in Table 4.1:
Table - 4.1: Laboratory Analysis Report of Ground Water Sample
SR.NO.
PARAMETERS UNITS SEQSRESULTSSAMPLE 1
RESULTSSAMPLE 2
1. pH – 6.5–8.5 7.1 7.2
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SR.NO.
PARAMETERS UNITS SEQSRESULTSSAMPLE 1
RESULTSSAMPLE 2
2. Taste & Odor –Non
Objectionable
Non
Objectionable
Non
Objectionable
3. Color TCU <15 1 4
4. Turbidity NTU <5 1 5
5. Total ColiformNumber/100
mL
0 Number/100
mL0 0
6. E–ColiNumber /
100 mL
0 Number /
100 mL0 0
7.Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS)mg/L <1000 360 290
8. Total Hardness mg/L <500 56 230
9. Nitrate mg/L ≤50 2.1 2.5
10. Nitrite mg/L ≤3 0.002 0.002
11. Ammonia mg/L – N.D N.D
12. Arsenic mg/L <0.05 N.D. N.D.
13. Antimony mg/L <0.005 N.D. N.D.
14. Barium mg/L 0.7 N.D. N.D.
15. Chloride mg/L 250 95 99
16. Fluoride mg/L <1.5 0.2 0.1
17. Aluminum mg/L ≤0.2 N.D. N.D.
18. Manganese mg/L ≤0.5 N.D. N.D.
19. Mercury mg/L 0.001 N.D. N.D.
20. Iodine mg/L – 0.02 0.01
21. Zinc mg/L 5 0.21 0.18
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SR.NO.
PARAMETERS UNITS SEQSRESULTSSAMPLE 1
RESULTSSAMPLE 2
22. Boron mg/L 0.3 N.D. N.D.
23. Chromium mg/L ≤0.05 N.D. N.D.
24. Selenium mg/L ≤0.5 N.D. N.D.
N.D = Not Detected
4.3.1 Ambient Air Quality
The air quality is clean as there is no industry close to the project roadwhich may contribute any air pollutants and cane crushing was also offseason during the monitoring days. Test results of ambient air analysisdone during survey of area using the following methodology.
Casella, Serial # 1310, Gravimetric Dust Sampler Type 113 A, BS 1259–1958 used for the monitoring of ambient particulate matter monitoring.Special filter media, having mesh size <10 µ was used as the surface onwhich PM10 was retained quantitatively during a definite interval of time.The filter media was placed in the special port with leak proof assembly.This prevented escaping of fugitive particulate matter being monitored.Mid–get impingers/absorption columns assembly was used for themonitoring of NO2 and SO2 in the ambient air. The air was drawn throughpump into the glass impingers and absorbed in the solution containedinside the absorption towers. The instrument sucked ambient air at ratemonitored by a calibrated volume measuring standard gauge. The volumeof air drawn was indicated on the scale calibrated in liters and fractionsthereof. One hundred milliliters of absorbents were poured in each of theimpingers. The fourth impinger was filled with two hundred grams silica.Standard procedures were used separately for the sampling of both NO2
and SO2. Sample solutions were preserved and then transferred to theLaboratory for analysis. The Gries – Saltmann Reaction was carried for theanalysis of NO2 and Pararosaniline method was used for SO2 testing.Monitoring results were presented after data generation in micro gram percubic meter (µg/m3). Drager Miniwarn, the monitoring equipment, was usedfor CO measurement.
The results are given in Table - 4.2
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Table - 4.2: Ambient Air Monitored Data
REFERENCEPOINT
Ranipur Sugar
MillDATE 05.07.2017
TIME HOURSSO2
(µg/m3)NO2
(µg/m3)CO
(mg/Nm3)PM10
(μg/m3)
06:00 31.3 36.8 5.2 24.4
09:00 42.2 47.5 5.7 36.6
12:00 43.6 50.9 6.2 42.3
15:00 48.5 52.9 6.3 45.6
18:20 54.3 54.5 6.5 41.7
21:30 42.7 42.4 6.4 37.5
24:00 36.2 38.5 5.9 29.3
03:00 31.6 34.6 5.7 16.8
SEQS80
µg/m3
80µg/m3
10
mg/Nm3
150µg/m3
4.3.2 Noise Level
Noise levels have been monitored at two locations along the project roadusing the Digital Sound level meter and results are given in the Table - 4.3.
Table - 4.3: Noise Levels Monitored Data
REFERENCEPOINT
Ranipur Sugar Mill DATE 05.07.2017
TIMEHOURS
dB (A) Average
06:00 48 46 51 49 49 45 48
09:00 61 63 63 64 66 61 63
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REFERENCEPOINT
Ranipur Sugar Mill DATE 05.07.2017
TIMEHOURS
dB (A) Average
12:00 56 61 65 63 63 58 61
15:00 63 65 69 66 65 62 65
18:20 64 63 64 64 66 63 64
21:30 45 50 52 53 51 49 50
24:00 37 37 39 40 40 35 38
03:00 34 35 34 36 34 31 34
06:00 45 47 49 50 50 47 48
4.4 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES/BIODIVERSITY
In this section, the baseline environmental conditions pertaining tobiological environment have been described on the basis of primary andthe secondary data. The faunal field data collection included line transects,incidental sightings and plot searches for birds, reptiles and mammals. Thevegetation surveys were carried out by laying 30ft by 30 ft quadrates withinthe study area.
4.4.1 Floral Habitat Types
Based on the physical features and vegetation attributes in the proposedproject area, five distinct habitats were identified as:
Crest (Top of the sand dune); Slopes/swale/flanks; Sandy plains (Tar-Tarai- low lying flat areas); Saline/sodic Land. Lake/wetland habitat and
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4.4.2 Crest Habitat
Sand dunes are the main characteristic features of the study area.Topography of this habitat varies from undulating to moderately steep,whereas elevation of the dunes is from 10 to 30 meters. These sand dunesare very excessively drained. Most of the area is barren and only 15 plantspecies (10.34%) are recorded from this habitat type. These plants can beregarded as sand loving plants and they have the capability to survive overthere. The floristic composition of this habitat include:
Calligonum polygonoides, Aerva javanica, Dipterygium glaucum, Limeumindicum, Indigofera argentea, Tribulus longipetalus, Aristida adscensionis,A. funiculata, Panicum turgidum, Lasiurus sindicus, Stipagrostis plumosa,Cyperus arenarius and C. conglomeratus.
4.4.3 Floral Attributes of the Project Area
This section provides information regarding natural vegetation of theproposed project area. The area is characterized by low rainfall, highsummer temperatures, high velocity winds, poor soil and low diversity ofplant species. This type of climatic conditions hardly supports anyappreciable vegetation. Hence, the vegetation is sparse and mainlyconsists of stunted or thorny shrubs and perennial herbs capable to sustainharsh climatic conditions in both the seasons. Ephemeral vegetationappears during rainy season, completing their life cycle before summerapproaches.
Around 46 species of plants were reported from Kadanwari with almost allknown for ethno botanic use and the vegetation pattern followed the samepattern as of Nara, however, with a lesser intensity. Whereas; Out of 46reported species current checklist identified the presence of some 21species in Kadanwari Block.
4.4.4 Faunal Attributes of the Project Area
As many as 14 species of mammals, 27 species of birds and 12 species ofreptiles were recorded from the sampling localities in the project area. Thesummary of observations made during study is summarized below.
Birds
During the field visit, 27 species of birds were recorded from the samplinglocalities. As the surveys were conducted in summer, hence no influx ofmigratory birds was noted. Neither Houbara Bustard nor migratory water
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birds were recorded in project area, the major wetland that is Baboo Dhandsupported only Blackwinged stilts a resident species. Among birds thecommon species included the Black Crowned Finch Lark, Black Drongo,Bank Myna, Little Brown Dove, Ring Dove, Common Myna, Crested Lark,Green Bee-eater, House Crow, House Sparrow, Purple Sunbird, Redwattled Lap wing, Sindh Sparrow and White Cheeked Bulbul.
The less common species recorded were Black Kite, Black Winged Kite,Bay backed shrike, Blue Rock Pigeon, Common Babbler, Common Kestrel,Desert Lark, Southern Grey Shrike, Grey Patridge, Indian Robin, IndianRoller, Long tailed Grass Warbler and Pied Bush cat. Southern Grey Shrikewas recorded as summer breeding visitor common Kestrel which is a wintervisitor was recorded as scarce in the project area.
Mammals
Around 14 species of mammals were recorded from the sampling localitiesin the project area. These include large colonies of little Indian field mouse.Five-striped Squirrels were recorded from areas with tree cover in taraiareas, as these are mainly arboreal species. Similarly, the Indian/DesertHare was recorded close to bushy vegetation, as they need cover for theirsurvival from predators and raptors during day time. House Mouse andHouse Rat were present close to human settlements. The abundance ofrodents and small mammals supports the carnivore population in theProject area. These include Asiatic Jackal, Indian Desert Cat,Indian/Bengal Fox and Common Red Fox. Presence of Chinkara could notbe confirmed from direct and indirect observations.
Among large and medium sized Mammals, Asiatic Jackal, Red Fox,Crested Porcupine, India Fox, Indian Desert Cat and Small IndianMongoose were recorded, while in small mammals, Indian Gerbil,Baluchistan Gerbil, Long eared Desert Hedgehog, Indian Hare, House Rat,House Mouse, Indian Desert Jird and Northern Palm Squirrel wererecorded.
Reptiles
The desert provides a favorable habitat for many reptile species especiallythe Indian sand swimmer, Indian fringe toed sand lizard and Desertmonitor. The desert monitor and Indian spiny tailed lizard inhabit mostly thedesert areas while the Indian monitor was found in areas close wetlands.The important snakes recorded from the project area are Saw-scaled viper,
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Glossy bellied racer, Indian sand boa and Pakistan ribbon snake. Exceptfor Saw scaled viper, other three non-poisonous snakes are protectedunder the SWPO. A total of 12 reptiles species, have been recorded fromthe Project area. The desert provides as favorable habitat for many reptilespecies such as Indian Sand Swimmer, Indian Fringe Toed Sand Lizard,Desert Monitor and Indian Spiny Tailed Lizard. The important snakesrecorded from the Project area are Saw-Scaled viper, Glossy BelliedRacer, Indian Sand Boa and Pakistan Ribbon Snake. Out of Total 12recorded species, the Desert Monitor is protected under the Sindh WildlifeProtection Ordinance, whereas none is on IUCN Red List. Out of Total 12reptiles, three are on CITES appendices showing their internationalimportance because of their significant Trade.
The sand dunes and other sandy area are habitat of Indian sand swimmer,Indian Desert Monitor, Indian Sand Boa and Saw Scaled Viper. Theabandoned burrows of rodents are often occupied by the snakes andlizards. The inter-dunal flat areas (Tar) and Tarai are habitat for IndianSpiny Tailed Lizard. Brilliant Agama and Sindh Sand Gecko were alsorecorded from Project area site but in very less numbers.
4.5 EXISTING SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
4.5.1 Demographic information
According to population estimates for 2009, about 20,96,000 people are theresidents of this district. From 1998 to 2009, an increase of 36% has beenrecorded, meaning the population has been growing with an annual growthrate of 2.8% during last 11 years. For the inter census period of 1981-1998,the population was recorded to have been growing with an average annualgrowth rate of 2.71%. Since 1981 there has been a 114% increase in thetotal population of the district.
In terms of population balance, there were 109 males against every 100females. The balance further disturbed witnessing 110 males against every100 females in 1998, while the estimates for 2009 suggest that male-female ratio is currently 110.1. Khairpur is the second most populousdistrict of Sindh following Karachi and contains 5% population of theprovince.
However being a vast district, the population density in Khairpur is not veryhigh i.e. 132 person/sq.km. This figure appears to be very small due to thedesert zone which covers 3/4 area of the district. In 1998 the KhairpurTaluka being the most densely populated taluka of the district had a
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population density of 493.4 persons/sq.km compared to only 8persons/sq.km in this taluka.
Since 1951, the time of first population census in Pakistan, there has beena 500% increase in the population density. The major portion of district'spopulation resides in the north western zone divided into 7 Talukas. Herethe population density was recorded to be 338 persons/sq.km.
Khairpur is urbanizing at a faster pace while 3/4th of the population residingin the rural areas. In 1951 only 6% population of the district was living in theurban settlements. This proportion was recorded to have reached 24% in1998. Khairpur, the district headquarter town is the major urban settlementwhere more than 100,000 people were found to have been living at thetime of census 1998.
All the 17 major towns or urban settlements of the district fall in 7 westernTalukas of the district. The important ancient town of Kot Diji, having ahistory believed to be older than Mohan jo Daro, is one of these urbansettlements. Except the Khairpur city, all the other urban settlements aresmall to medium sized towns.
Table 4.4: District Detail
Variable Value
Area 15910 Sq.Kms.
Population - 1998 1546587 persons
Male 810448 (52.40 %)
Female 736139 (47.59 %)
Gender Ratio (males per 100 females)110.1
Populaltion Density 97.2 per Sq. Km
Urban Population 365216 (23.61 %)
Rural Population 1181371 (76.38 %)
Average Household Size 6.1
Literacy Ratio (10 +) 35.5 %
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Variable Value
Male 49.7 %
Female 19.7 %
Total Housing Units 255261
Pacca Housing Units 53751 (21.05 %)
Housing Units havingElectricity
168173 (65.88 %)
Housing Units having PipedWater
40796 (15.98 %)
Housing Units using Gas forCooking
24927 (9.76 %)
Administrative Units
Talukas 08
Union Councils 89
Mauzas 382
Municipal Committee 02
Town Committees 15
4.6 QUALITY OF LIFE VALUES
4.6.1 Housing
Khairpur has witnessed considerable improvement in terms of housingstock and services since 1998 especially in the urban areas where theimprovement appears to be much more when compared to the ruralhousing stock. In 1998, 76% rural houses had roofs made ofwood/bamboo. The proportion reduced to 68% in 2006-07. The figures forurban houses in this regard were 56% and 28% for the same periods.Similarly 17% rural houses were made of pacca walls in 1998. The figureimproved to 31% in 2006-07. The figures for urban housing were recordedto be 41% and 65% respectively for the same survey years.
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Electricity was available to 62% rural and 80% urban houses in 1998. In2006-07 the figures improved to 96% and 65% respectively.
The household sanitary conditions in terms of availability of latrine insidethe house appears to be much better compared to other districts understudy. No urban and 5% rural houses are without latrine facility of any kind.3/4th of the rural households compared to 1/4th urban ones have non flushlatrine facility. When it comes to the availability of flush latrine, Khairpur has8th rank out of 16 districts of Sindh. In 2004-05, this rank was noted to be15, meaning considerable improvement in the household sanitaryconditions.
Majority of both rural and urban housing units are composed of 2-4 rooms.Hand pump is the major source of water for the household consumption. Inrecent years, a large number of urban households have installed motorpumps for the sake of convenience. In rural areas the motor pumps haveyet not made an inroad in a considerable way. Interestingly a largerproportion of rural households compared to urban ones were noted to havebeen connected with a piped water supply. In terms of availability of pipedwater supply Khairpur has 11th rank out of 16 ndistricts of Sindh. This rank,was noted to be 15, in 2004-05.
Despite being rich in reserves of natural gas, this cleaner fuel option is notavailable to majority of households in Khairpur. 96% rural and 48% urbanhouseholds continue to resort on biomass fuels especially wood to fulfilltheir household fuel needs
4.6.2 Education and Literacy
Like other socioeconomic development sectors, Khairpur appears, in thelight of official development statistics, to have made progress in the field ofeducation and literacy too. During last one decade, the literacy figureamong the population aged 10 and above has improved from 35.5% to46%. In 1998, 50% males and 20% females (aged 10+) were literate. Thefigures improved to 65% for males and 25% for females. Khairpur hassecond highest number of government primary schools followingTharparkar and second highest primary school enrollment after Karachi, inthe Sindh Province. The district has 6th and 7th ranks when it is comparedto the proportion of literacy among population aged 10+ and aged 15+,respectively in other districts of Sindh.
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Government schools have an important place when it comes to providingeducation facilities to people of Khairpur. 9 out of 10, primary schoolattending students go to government schools. The education sector inKhairpur, like rest of the country is marred with a number of grave issues.
Some of them are:
1) The level of literacy is not satisfactory. Compared to 46% populationthat is considered to be literate, 38% population has completedprimary or higher levels of formal education.
2) There exist stark gender, urban rural and intra district disparities inthe district. 25% females compared to 65% males, and 17% ruralcompared to 47% urban females are literate. Only 12% rural womenhave completed primary or higher levels of education compared to38% urban women.
3) There are much lesser educational facilities for girls than those forboys. There are 509% more primary, 107% middle and 350% highschools for boys than those for girls.
4) In 1998, 15% population of Nara compared to 44% population inKhairpur was literate.
5) There are 2 times more degree colleges for men than for those forgirls.
A comparison of the education figures noted during PSLM 2004-05 andthose in 2006-07 reveal some important trends. In 2004-05, it was notedthat 48% population (10+) of the district was literate. This figure was notedto have reduced to 46% in 2006-07. Likewise in 2004-05, 45% population(15+) was noted to be literate. The figure was found to have reduced to43% in 2006- 07.
4.6.3 Health
Khairpur has the highest number of Basic Health Units and second highestnumber of Rural Health Centers in the Sindh province. The high number ofRural Health Centers is due to the fact that Khairpur has second highestnumber of talukas following Thatta. Normally a rural health center isestablished in each taluka. However majority of the people falling sickprefer to consult private health facilities. The PSLM 2006-07 notes that inurban areas 82% and in rural areas 70% patients consult or are taken toprivate health facilities. Likewise, the effectiveness of mobile healthfacilities like Lady Health Visitors and Lady Health Workers is also not very
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high. For instance only 17% rural women receive pre natal care from aLHW.
The target of saving children from preventable fatal diseases is also farfrom being achieved. 34% male and 29% female children are yet to be fullyimmunized. Majority of rural women are not able to receive pre natal andpost natal care from a formal health facility or health provider. 58% urbanand 36% rural women receive some kind of prenatal care from a formalhealth service. 59% urban and 24% rural women receive Tetanus Toxoidinjection. 83% deliveries in rural and 67% in urban areas take place inhomes normally in the presence of some relative/neighbor women ortraditional birth attendant. 27% urban and 23% rural women receive somekind of post natal care from a formal health facility.
4.6.4 Livelihoods
Census 1998 gives an idea of the livelihood options available to the urbanand rural residents and trends prevalent in Khairpur. 3/4th of the district’spopulation resides in the rural areas. Agriculture and its allied sectors arethus a major source of livelihood for some 60% households. Selfemployment is an option for most to earn their living. 63% urban and 76%rural earners are self employed. Government jobs accommodate 26%urban and 11% rural labor force whereas, formal private sector absorbs 4%rural and 8% urban labor force. Since women don’t receive directly theearnings from sectors they contribute in, they are not considered formallabor force. According to the census 1998, some 18% population of thedistrict was found to be economically active or termed the income earners.
Khairpur is rich in mineral resources especially oil and gas. However localpopulation complains that the fruits of the riches of the district in the form ofemployment opportunities in the gas fields, for instance, are not reaped bythem. A visit to Nara revealed that private gas exploring companies haveinvested heavily in improving the road infrastructure in this desolated areaof the district. A discussion with the locals suggest that the improved roadinfrastructure has contributed a lot in connecting desert people with maintowns and thus have opened new opportunities for them. Further thecompensation paid by the gas companies to acquire lands has also broughtwell being for the locals.
Khairpur is an important contributor to the economy of Sindh and Pakistanin the form of its agricultural produce and mineral resources especiallynatural gas. Khairpur is the second most populous district of Sindh
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following Karachi and hence its contribution in the form of human resourcealso becomes quite important. The district is the biggest producer of datesand bananas in Sindh. Likewise the district is the 2nd and 3rd largestproducer of wheat and cotton respectively in Sindh. The agriculture sectorthus stands extremely important for the economy of district andimprovement made in and issues faced by the agricultural sector directlyaffect majority of the district population.
Being an abode of a number of important historically significant towns,places, buildings and monuments, Khairpur holds great potential fordevelopment of tourism which can markedly contribute to the localeconomy.
The civic infrastructure especially in Khairpur city is in much better shapecompared to other districts especially of Sindh. The PSLM 2006-07 throwsome light on the perception of Khairpur’s residents towards economicconditions of households, their communities and public services. 37%urban and 21% rural household consider that their economic situation hasimproved compared to the last year while 14% of urban and sameproportions of rural households consider that their economic situation hasdeteriorated. 11% urban and 3% rural households consider that theeconomic situation of their community has improved compared to theprevious year. When it comes to the level of satisfaction with the publicservices as noted by PSLM 2006-07, there are certain sectors that needattention of the policy makers and development planners.
During the survey people were found to be least satisfied with theperformance of Police, agriculture extension, veterinary and family planningservices currently available to them. As mentioned earlier, the agriculturesector is the backbone of district’s economy like rest of the country. Ananalysis of the agriculture sector’s situation and trends becomes quitepertinent should one want to understand and design strategies forlivelihood improvement. A major portion, 84% or 13,18,000 hectares ofdistrict’s land is currently not being cultivated where as 78% land is notavailable or fit for cultivation. The areas lying adjacent to the river Induswere once covered with riverain forests but the increase in population andquest to bring more and more lands under plough, these areas weredeforested to make way for crop fields. Currently only 2% area of thedistrict is under the forest cover.
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Expansion in agriculture continues and yearly increase in the cultivatedarea is being noted. From 2000-01 to 2003-04, there was a 28% increasein the irrigated area, compared to 372% increase in un-irrigated area wasrecorded. During the same period, there was 23% increase in canalirrigated area compared to 123% increase in tube well irrigated area wasnoted. These statistics in turn points to two major trends:
The expansion in the rain fed agriculture especially in the desert zone forwhich the natural vegetation is being removed,
Widening gap between supply of canal irrigation water and irrigationdemand. The gap is being tried to fill with the installation of private tubewells. This is evident from the fact that just in one year from 2003-04 to2004-05, an increase of 390% was recorded in the installation of privatetube wells. The increasing dependence on ground water is contributing tofalling water tables and salinity.
The expansion in agricultural activity and quest to increase the productionis increasing farmers dependence on chemical fertilizers and thus adding toenvironmental pollution. From 1999 to 2002-03, 30% increase in the use ofchemical fertilizers was recorded in Khairpur.
4.7 AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is the most dominant economic activity in the area which issupported bythe Nara canal running along the entire length of the gamereserve. Major crops in the area are wheat and cotton; however, barley, oilseed, fodder, sugar cane, pulses, and vegetables are also grown. Foddercrops are grown in order to meet the feed requirement of livestock farmedby locals especially the pastrolists in the desert.
Cultivations of fodder crops are suitable to local climate and wateravailability. Use of fertilizer and pesticides is more for commercial cropssuch as cotton. These are available from Chundko, Nara gate, Tajjal andKathore. Farmers also buy pesticides and fertilisers from “middlemen” whosupply them on a loan basis. In this case rates of fertilizer and pesticidesare higher than the prevailing market rates. Tractors are used in agricultureand are available on rent for Rs. 150/ on cash payment or on Rs. 200 to250 in which cash recovery is made at the time of harvest. Use of thresheris also common for wheat and other crops. Rate for threshing is Rs. 30/ per40 Kg. Women mainly do picking of cotton and rates are adjusted
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according to work performed. Presently cotton picking rates are rupees 100per 40 Kg.
4.8 LIVESTOCK
Horses and donkeys are used for transportation over small distances sinceroad transportation facility is limited in the area. Cattle are used inagricultural fields and also for carts. Goats and sheep wool is sold in thetown. Milk is cheap in the area and consumed in the restaurants. Localsuse milk and its bi-products as their major ingredient of diet. Some of thefarmers use farmyard manure in agricultural fields.
Animal markets are at Chundko, Khairpur, Nawabshah and Sukkur.Feeding practices include free grazing and stall feeding in the area. Underfree grazing system desert range-lands and government lands along canalbanks and lakes are used. Agriculture fields after harvest are also used forgrazing. Mostly animals are grazed by family members in range-lands. Insome cases herder, locally known as Dhaniar, are also employed. Theseshepherds are paid for their services on the basis of the number of animalsor on a monthly basis in cash or in kind. In some cases shepherd also haveshare in offshoots of small ruminants if grazing arrangements are on alonger basis.
Under this system, owner of animals only initially invest by buying animalsand then shepherd is responsible for all-major husbandry practices andactivities. In some areas, especially in some parts of the desert animalsgraze on their own, i.e. without herder. It shows clearly that theft elementsand activities are not common in these particular areas. Women equallycontribute in livestock keeping. They are responsible for watering, feeding,milking, and even grazing of small ruminants. Women also keep poultrymainly for domestic consumption of eggs and meat.
4.9 ECONOMY
There are two major occupations in the area - agriculture and livestockkeeping. A small number of people are also engaged in service providingsectors such as artisan work, trade, business and jobs in formal andinformal sectors. People also rent tractors and agricultural machinery tosupplement their income. Transportation is another sector where manypeople are involved and run motorcycles and Datsun on a daily basis andprovide old four-wheel trucks (locally called kekras) on rent to locals.During off-season tenants also work in towns as laborers’. Labor work isavailable at Chundko and people from surrounding villages and area come
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here for daily labour work. Some people also go to Kadanwari to work atthe Kadanwari gas field. Pashtuns from Baluchistan and other areas alsooccasionally come here during the winter season and engage inwoodcutting and brick making.
4.10 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
People live on kinship and lineage basis in villages and hamlets. Except fora few cases, people belonging to the same tribe, caste and having commonancestry reside in a village and villages are, thus, named after the tribalhead. Elders and people with religious and educational background arerespected by community members. Main tribes and casts in this area areSyed, Shar, Chang, Rajpar, Aradhin, Dasti, Malah, Khaskheli, Chano,Sahtha, Mullo, Bhurgarri, Gahoo, Gopang, Rid, Nizamani, and Baloch.
Every village has its own tribal or cast leader called a ‘Wadera’. Generally a‘Wadera’ has a large land holding and can influence his tenants, landlesspeople, artisans and members of low castes due to their dependency onland and agriculture. He maintains relationship with outside world,government officials and politicians. He is also well aware of activitieswithin his area and is a source of much information. He is respected by alland arbitrates disputes of minor nature. More than 98 % people areMuslims in this area. Hindus mainly reside in Choondiko, a very smallpercentage live in the desert. Hindus at Chundko are considered well-offpeople and are engaged in trade and business. According to local people20 years ago Hindus had a strong hold in Chundkoo with almost all shopsowned by them.Among Muslims, majority of people are Sunni with a smallpercentage of Shia Muslims also.
All villagers maintain mosques, Eidgah/Imambargah. Sectarian violence isnot common in the area. Marriages are arranged in early ages. Girls evenget engaged few weeks after their birth. This practice is, however, slowlychanging. Marriages outside the caste or tribe are not preferred. Marriageis performed in a simple manner and extra expenditure is avoided. In verylimited cases dowry payment is done which is approximately 20 to 30thousand rupees. Most of the families live in a joint family system. In thisway they form a basic social and economic unit. Among Sunni Muslimswomen are not given property rights whereas Shia Muslims do recognizethis right.
Polygamy is also common among people. Divorce is not very common aspeople marry in close relatives and close ties among lineage do not permit
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this. No cases of honour killing (karo-kari) have been reported from thearea. The people in this area speak Sindhi and Saraiki languages. Men cangenerally speak and understand Urdu.
Since many people here follow Pirs in religious thoughts, there are Khalifasor representatives of Pir Sahib among local population. They are respectedon Pir’s behalf and arbitrate matters, which the village elder is unable tohandle. As this system of arbitration is efficient and cost effective, smalldisputes are rarely reported to the police. Usually disputes are on land,water and livestock.
Muslim people are followers of Pir Sahib Pagaro and Pir of Ranipur. Nearly80% follow Pir Pagaro Sahib and rests are followers of Pir of Ranipur. Theirlives are fairly influenced by these religious leaders. The followers, in everyway of life, acclaim respect of these leaders. The religious leadershipinfluences elections at local, provincial and national level.
4.11 WATER SUPPLY
Ground water is the source of potable water supply throughout the gamereserve including most of the desert area. Most of the houses have theirown individual hand pumps; however, in some instances different housesshare a single hand pump. Water from these hand pumps are used fordrinking purposes, washing and other necessary uses. There is neither anyshop nor any technician who can repair hand pumps. These services areonly available at Chundko. There is no major government installed watersupply scheme in the area. However, SAZDA has developed water storagetanks and hand dug wells in some of the villages and in some villages, localbodies have also helped by providing hand-pumps. Water quality in most ofthe areas is good for drinking purposes. Water table varies from village tovillage, i.e. from 15 feet to 55 feet.
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5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSAND MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1 METHODOLOGY FOR ANTICIPATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Baseline data and conditions form the basis for evaluation of theenvironmental impacts of the proposed bagasse fired cogeneration powerproject.
A tabulated evaluation procedure has been used for purpose ofpresentation. The severity of the impact is presented on point scale. Theevaluation scale, that is used for the EIA Study is given below:
Scale: Extent of Impact▲▲▲ = High▲▲ = Medium▲ = LowΟ = No impact▼▼ = locally favorable▼ = regionally favorable.
For evaluation rating, the Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS)and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)-Pakistan, are usedas guidelines. Various parameters of extent of environmental impacts aredescribed below:
Table - 5.1: Evaluation of Impacts
Extent of Environmental Impact Description
High (▲▲▲) National Standards are exceeded.
Medium (▲▲) Between National Standards.
Low (▲) National Standards are met.
5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO INSTALLATION AT PRESENTLOCATION OF PROJECT
Environmental problems related to location of the project are mostly in theareas of physical setting, socioeconomic setting, ecological setting andspecial areas. Field survey revealed that the impacts of the project due toits location are mostly insignificant in nature.
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5.3 PROJECT DESIGN RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
The design of incinerator room has sought to minimize any environmentalpotential impacts by ensuring that the project should be in according to theenvironmental standards. Local aesthetic value is another issue to beconsidered during project design.
5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTIONPHASE
This section discusses the potential impacts anticipated due to theinstallation of 60 -MW power plant and associated facilities on the naturalresources and various environmental segments of the site and its vicinity.
5.4.1 Soil Erosion
The proposed project requires minor land clearing, leveling and sitepreparation for the installation of the power house its associated facilities.No wetlands are present within the project boundaries or up to longdistances (15-km) around the project site. The proposed construction areais not anticipated to impact the entire area available. General sitepreparation and construction activities associated with the overalldevelopment of the project site include the following:
Clearing/grubbing of all un-cleared portions of the construction areaand lay-down area;
Stabilizing, grading, filling, and contouring the area for power plantfacilities;
Construction of permanent storm water management system;
Performing groundwork as necessary for construction of facilityfootings, foundations and underground utilities including electrical,water, wastewater, and other piping systems;
Power plant facilities construction and
Earthmoving, grading, re-contouring and landscaping.
Site preparation will consist of clearing and grubbing, followed by gradingand leveling. Topsoil that is suitable for reuse will be stockpiled forlandscaping and for establishing vegetation after construction has beencompleted.
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Mitigation Measures
During early site preparation activities, temporary storm water managementstructures and soil erosion and sedimentation control devices (e.g. ditches,retention basins, berms, and siltation fencing) will be used to minimizerunoff during the construction phase.
Site preparation and construction activities will not require any explosives.Rough grading, excavation, and backfill activities will be performed toprepare the site for underground utilities, concrete foundations, and surfacedrainage. Structural backfill materials may be imported to the site forconstructing concrete foundations and to raise grade site elevation toachieve proper drainage.
After construction of the bagasse boiler project is complete, any remainingareas that do not have an impervious surface will be vegetated with nativeplants, ornamental shrubs, flowers, trees and grass materials. The plantsite will be altered to construct new facilities. Structural and general fill willbe added to elevate the site to design elevations. Soils excavated for themajor equipment foundations may be used as general backfill or structuralfill, if appropriate. Fill may be required to raise portions of the site to grade.
Since the site is in a flat area, the fill should not cause adverse impacts tosite topographic conditions. Very little, if any, runoff flows onto theproposed site. Therefore, the fill will not impede existing drainage patterns.Added fill, with compaction, will shift areas of percolation within the site.Runoff will be managed with the storm water management system to mimicpre-construction conditions. During construction, erosion at the site will bemanaged with the erosion control plan. After construction, pervious areaswill be planted predominantly with native vegetation, trees, grass andflowers to control erosion.
Extent of Impact on Erosion/Sedimentation = ▲ (Low)
5.4.2 Air Quality
Expected impacts on air quality during the construction phase of theproposed project are:
dust engraftation during construction activities including leveling,excavation for foundations of the boiler and its associatedequipment, compaction, backfilling etc, and
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emissions of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) , Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), CarbonMonoxide (CO),and un burnt hydrocarbons , Particulate Matter (PM)and noise from vehicles and construction machines to be deployedduring construction activities.
Dust generation from construction activities is an important concern duringconstruction phase. Dust particles generally larger than 10 μm will bethrown up, resulting in visible deposition close to the construction activities.
The quantity of any emissions released during the construction process willgenerally be very low, but will vary on an hourly and daily basis asconstruction progresses. Fugitive dust emissions will be greater during landclearing and site preparation phases. Fugitive dust emissions will also begreater during the more active construction periods as a result of increasedvehicle traffic on the site. The dust to be generated during constructionactivities will be mostly inorganic. quantum dust generation will depend onweather conditions, wind velocity, precipitation rate, and type ofconstruction activities. Expected main sources of site of dust emissionsduring construction are:
land clearing excavation earthwork ground leveling vehicles movement.
Dust and grit are expected to be present in the air during the constructionphase in dry months. This will end when the major civil works finish. Somedampening of the exposed areas, by employing dust control methods, maytherefore be necessary during periods of dry weather in order to reduce therisk of dust entrainment in the ambient air. Peak dust generation, ifconstruction activities coincide, will be during the drier months and this dustwill tend to become dispersed within the ambient air as a result of vehiclemovements. It will therefore be necessary to ensure that loads are dulycovered to prevent fine dust blowing from open-top trucks and throughvehicles tires. In dry periods, it may also be necessary to employ dustcontrol measures. There will be an overall increase in traffic and heavymachinery movement during construction phase for a limited period leadingto rise in emission level. These emissions together with exhaust emissionsfrom equipment deployed during the construction phase are likely to resultin marginal increases in the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides
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(NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), and un burnt hydrocarbons (HCs).Potentialminor sources of volatile organic compounds include evaporative lossesfrom onsite painting, refueling of construction equipment and theapplication of adhesives and waterproofing chemicals. The backgroundlevels of these pollutants are considered to be non-existent based upon thelow frequency of traffic use proximal to the site. However, even with thepredicted increase in construction related traffic and associated siteactivities, any increase in these pollutants is considered to be insignificant.The project site is very vast and carrying capacity of air around has not yetbeen utilized because no worth mentioning industry is in functioningaround. This will be an additional advantage to the project for dissipatingthe emissions into the air and reducing emissions in such virgin air.
Mitigation Measures:
Fugitive dust emissions from the construction site will be minimized usingappropriate dust suppression control methods. These standard controlmethods will include;
paving or placement of gravel on roads,
applying dust suppressing agents or water to roads and otherexposed surfaces, or other methods, as needed.
existing public road upon exiting the site is paved.
spilled and tracked dirt (or other materials) will be removed from theadjacent road in a timely manner.
all construction related fugitive dust emissions will be temporary andwill stop once construction is completed. Emissions from openburning will be limited by removing materials whose burning wouldproduce excessive smoke e.g., green vegetative materials.
regular sprinkling of water with time intervals will reduce the impactsof the dust during construction.
The proposed mitigation measures will reduce the impacts to an acceptablelevel, especially as they are limited to the construction phase. The overallconstruction period is expected to have duration of 18-months.
Extent of Impact on Air Quality = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures.]
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5.4.3 Groundwater
The proposed project site is located within the aquifer that is still un-explored for surrounding communities. The subsoil water is saline andcannot be use for drinking purpose. Based upon the importance andsensitivity of this aquifer, as well as a good construction practices, allprecautions necessary will be required to reduce the potential for siteimpacts on ground water to a minimum. While the proposed sitepreparation and facility construction activities for the proposed project arenot anticipated to cause any short-term or long-term groundwater impactsto the site, Best Management Practices (BMP) will need to be employedduring construction to ensure impacts (if any) are minimal and are properlymitigated.
Mitigation Measures:
During construction all contractors, technicians and laborers will berequired to implement best practices to minimize the potential for spills offuels or chemicals. Maintenance will be performed only in designatedareas. In the unlikely event that spills do occur, they will be managed inaccordance with the project’s Environmental Management & MonitoringPlan (EMMP).To further minimize potential environmental impacts, it isrecommended that full-time environmental monitoring is conducted duringconstruction, particularly during all refueling operations to minimizepotential concern. The environmental monitoring could be under theEnvironmental & Safety Department or a member of the safety departmentwith the authority of “Stopping the Job” in the event that noncompliance ofenvironmental regulation is being observed.
Extent of Impact on Ground Water = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]
5.4.4 Solid Waste
The major solid wastes to be generated during construction activities are:
Bricks waste
Waste from Quality Control
Paper bags
Used oil/lubricants
Metal/wooden waste
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Medical waste
Empty drums or containers
Cotton rags
Miscellaneous waste: Miscellaneous solid wastes include batteries,tires, tubes, filters, belts, nylon strips, bag filters, scrap wood, steelscrap, house hold articles etc., which will be sold in the marketthrough scrap dealers.
Mitigation Measures:
During the site clearance stage, it is anticipated that relatively largequantities of solid waste would be generated from labour camps,top-soil and sub-soil. Part of the excavated material would be usedfor leveling and grading and the balance would be stockpiled atdesignated locations on the site. Other solid wastes including,cooking waste and general solid waste are often associated with arelatively large work forces. Cooking wastes and general garbagewill be collected at regular intervals and land filled at an approveddisposal site.
Adequate number of solid waste container should be provided at theproject site at various places and shall not in any case dispose ofwaste indiscriminately outside of the boundary wall of the projectsite.
The wastes like organic, inorganic, hazardous, non-hazardous wasteetc should be collated and stored according to the nature of thewastes. This waste should be dispose off through a certifiedcontractor who shall dispose the waste in consultation of TehsilMunicipal Administration (TMA) with environment sustainablemanner. However, while disposing any waste material, allenvironmental aspects/impacts of such wastes should becommunicated clearly to the concerned contractor. Record of allsuch sales shall be maintained for later use if and when required.
Extent of Impact Due Solid Waste = ▲ (Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]
5.4.5 Noise Impact
Construction of the proposed project is expected to take place for about 48-months, with varying degrees of activity occurring during different phases of
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construction. Construction phases are expected to include excavation,concrete pouring, steel erection, mechanical/electrical installation andcleanup. Noise will be generated by operation of heavy equipment andincreased frequency of vehicular traffic in the area during constructionactivities. Vibration levels will also increase due to these activities.However, these impacts are short term, intermittent and temporary innature and are not likely to be felt outside the boundary of the proposedproject. The exact noise levels are a complex function of variables such asthe actual noise levels emitted from each major noise-emitting equipment,their location and orientation within the construction area, and theiroperation and load.
Mitigation Measures:
The adjoining localities are outside the range of impact of noise emissionsdue to construction activities. Overall, the impact of noise generated duringconstruction on the environment is temporary and mainly confined todaylight hours. It is anticipated that it will be possible to reduce noiseimpacts during construction to an acceptable minimum by properly examineand tuning of the noise producing machinery, installation of noise barriersand noise abatement measures.
Extent of Impact on Noise = ▲ (Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures.]
5.4.6 Fire Risk
Fire and explosion hazard impacts are not expected during the constructionphase due to the limited quantities of flammable and combustible materialsto be imported to the site. The availability and use of portable extinguishingsystems would limit the impacts of small fires, and personnel will berequired to receive training on the proper use and locations of thisequipment.
Mitigation Measures:
During construction, any waste disposal burning will be conducted in acleared and dedicated area under controlled conditions, on those dayswhen ambient air conditions will not permit embers to drift into thesurroundings.
Extent of Impact on Noise = ▲ (Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures.]
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5.4.7 Ecological Impacts
5.4.7.1 Terrestrial Systems
During construction activities, only very minor land clearing is required as acomponent of the proposed development activity. Land clearing, asproposed, will be limited to that required for the needs of the project, andwill be conducted in such a manner that is protective of the environment.
5.4.7.2 Fauna and Flora
No ecological important flora and fauna is present at the site. Theconstruction area is not perceived as including sensitive habitat. Undernormal dry weather conditions, a significant amount of dust will be thrownup by excavating activities. Hence, vegetation and animal habitats in thevicinity village near the site and roads will be affected by wind-blown dustand its deposition. The contribution to the natural dust concentration in theair will only be of relevance at the beginning of the construction phase,during the main excavation activities. During this period, dust can beexpected to settle on plant leaves and aerial roots, which could hinder airexchange and assimilation by the plants. The temporarily increasedvehicular traffic coupled with high noise levels due to various constructionactivities may also have some negative impacts on animals. Especiallybirds and other acoustically orientated animals living in the vicinity of thesite and the roads used can be disturbed by noise. Disturbances during theperiod of construction could drive noise sensitive bird species from theirhabitats, but these are expected to return after construction has finished.No endangered species were found in the construction area. During thevisual inspections of the site no nests or nesting was observed. No birds orwild animals were discerned in the site vicinity. The influence of dust isunavoidable but mainly restricted to the first period of the constructionphase. No major impacts by dust and noise on the flora and fauna in thevicinity of the site and the used roads are to be expected. The constructionrelated impacts on fauna and flora may be considered to be low.
Mitigation Measures:
It is suggested that extensive tree plantation should be carry out tomaintain the natural habitat.
Extent of Impact on Fauna & Flora = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]
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5.4.8 Impacts on Human Population
Construction related noise is not anticipated to be a concern to the nearestreceptor, but to mitigate this potential concern, construction will normallyoccur during daylight hours and will run during one shift per day. Inaddition, any excessive noise generated by construction related activitieswill be short term and short duration, and will generally not expected toexceed the SEQS. However, there might be a notable increase in roadtraffic as freight is moving to the site. No direct impacts to the communitiesor neighborhoods are anticipated.
Based upon visual inspection of the site and site vicinity, the proposedpower plant site and roadway are absent of any residences. As a result, norelocation impacts are anticipated.
Extent of Impact on Human Population = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]
5.4.9 Traffic Impact
It may be anticipated that an overall increase in traffic would occur directlyas a consequence of the proposed construction. An increase in traffic willoccur to and from the project site subsequent to freight arrival. Thetemporary traffic impacts are not expected to affect significantly the localresidents since residential development is sparse in the immediate sitevicinity. No significant traffic problems are expected during the constructionperiod, other than minimal delays for start and stop time for the workerscommuting to their residences and due to occasional heavy equipment andmaterials moving to and from the site. Construction traffic generationshould be viewed at the most as a temporary inconvenience.
Mitigation Measures:
The constructor should prepare a traffic management plan in consultationwith the local population and project proponents.
Extent of Impact on Traffic = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures.]
5.4.10 Socio-economic Impacts
Most of construction workers are anticipated to be hired from within theRanipur. In addition, general contractors/vendors, consultants andengineers from within the country will provide technical and specializedservices. The construction impacts on the local employment opportunities
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are beneficial, although relatively short term. Indirect employment in thelocal area will also occur primarily in retail, eating and drinkingestablishments. During construction of the plant an estimated employmentopportunities (of 100 - 200 workers) will be created both for skilled andunskilled local workers.
Extent of Socio-Economic Impact = ▼▼(Locally Favorable)
5.4.11 Public Services and Facilities
Construction related impacts to public services and facilities, such aspolice, fire, and medical services and water, wastewater and solid wastedisposal are not expected to be significant. With minimal relocations to theproject area expected, existing facilities and services will be adequate tomeet the demands on these services. The selected general contractor willbe responsible for removing and disposing of construction related debris, inenvironmentally safe manner and at some suitable designated site.
Extent of Public Services and Facilities Impact = ▲(Low) [withadoption of mitigation measures.]
5.4.12 Cultural Resource Impacts
Fugitive dust emissions will be properly controlled so that no impact onvisibility will occur. Also as discussed, due to attenuation with distance,construction noise will not affect the quality of life at the nearest habitats.Some minor inconvenience may occur through increased traffic andequipment creating conflicts on Indus Highway/Road. However, duringconstruction of the power plant, no conflicts are anticipated with culturalresources in the area.
Extent of Cultural Resource Impacts = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]
5.4.13 Waste Water
Sewage and waste water will be generated at the construction camps andfrom construction activities. If generate effluents are not properly treated ordisposed off this may contaminate the surface and any other source ofwater and land.
Mitigation Measures:
For effluents draining installation of proper sewage disposal facilityfor the entire site should be considered.
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Proper septic tanks of adequate size should be established.
Extent of Impact on Ground Water = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]
5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM PROJECTOPERATION
This section discusses the potential impacts from regular operation of theproposed project and associated facilities on the natural resources andenvironment of the site and vicinity. The power plant invariably haspotential for environmental impacts during the operational phase of theproject. During the operational phase the following impacts are normally themost significance:
Air quality impacts
Ecological impacts
Impacts associated with the abstraction and discharge of water
Impacts arising from solid waste management
Noise and vibration impacts
Soil, groundwater and surface water contamination
Accidents
Socio economic impacts
5.5.1 Air Quality Impacts
The combustion of Bagasse fired boiler operation inevitably results inemission of gaseous pollutants to the atmosphere. The pollutants ofpotential concern are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbonmonoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM).
In general, the most significant emissions from the combustion in boiler ofthe proposed project are sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx),carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter. Carbon monoxide (CO) ismuch less problematic as developments aimed at improving combustionefficiency in the boilers have also addressed these pollutants. Electrostaticprecipitator (ESP) will be installed to control the emissions of the boiler.
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Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)ESPs are common installations on power plants to remove over 99% ofash particles from million ft3 per minute of fumes. Electrostaticprecipitators work better than the alternative, the fabric filter bag houseespecially when the gas to be treated and its particles are hot or wet.
Advantages
Low operating cost (except at very high efficiencies)
Very high efficiency, even for smaller particles
Ability to handle very large gas flow rates with low pressure losses
Ability to remove dry as well as wet particles
Temperature flexibility in design
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Figure - 5.1: Layout Diagram of Electro Static Precipitator
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Design Parameters of Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)
Table 5.2: Design Parameters of ESP
ParametersDesignValue
Unit
Reservoir Depth (D) 10.00 ftReservoir Pressure(pbar) 4.350 psiaIPR (qmax) 15.0 stb/dayProduction field gravity (∂l) 0.865 1 for H2OVolume factor for Production liquid(BL)
1,25 Rb/stb
Tubing inner diameter (dti) 2,992 In.Well Head Pressure (þwh) 100 psiaPump Section pressure(psuction) 200 psiaProduction Rate (qLd) 8,000 Stb/dayBottom hole pressure from IPR (pwfd) 2.823 psiaProduction rate at pump (qLd) 10.00 bbl/dayMinimum capacity of selected pump(qLP)
10.00 bbl/day
Minimum Pump setting depth (Dpump) 2.997 ftInput pump setting depth (Dpump) 9.800 ftPump Section Pressure (psuction) 2.748 psiaPump discharge pressure (pdischarge) 3.728 psiaPressure differential (∆p) 980 psiaPumping head (h) 2.263 Ft H2OPumping head per stage (hs) 60,00 Ft/stageHorse power per stage (hps) 6,00 hpEfficiency (Ep) 0.86Required number of stages (Ns) 38
5.5.2 Ecological Impacts
5.5.2.1 Impacts on Fauna and Flora
a) Air Emissions
The effect of air emissions from the stacks upon breeding birds (if any)proximal to the site will not be clear without careful monitoring. During thepreparation of the EIA, no nest or nesting birds were observed on orproximal to the project site. Recommendations for a monitoring programinclude review of areas immediately adjacent and proximal to the site.
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Since birds are generally mobile, it is anticipated that they will relocatebeyond the sphere of influence of the plant. The effect of gaseous and PMemissions on the adjacent areas, after adoption of necessary mitigationmeasures, is not anticipated to be a concern, because the air quality levelsare predicted to remain within those approved by SEQS for human health.Consequently, air emissions are not likely to affect local fauna and flora.
b) Noise
Noise from the operation of the proposed project, after adoption ofnecessary measures, will result in its level not exceeding the limits set bythe SEQS. Thus, noise from the project activity will not give rise to anyserious adverse impacts on the surrounding fauna and flora.
c) Waste Water
Waste Water and Sewage from all sources will be treated in effluenttreatment plant. It is anticipated that about eight hundred gallon (800 g) perday of domestic sewerage will be generated which will be treated till theSEQS levels before its final discharge, therefore, there is no question ofany adverse impacts from waste water to fauna and flora.
A tentative summary flow sheet (sketch) of the effluent treatment process:
Source of Effluent Estimated Quantity(gallon/day)
Standard Meetingbefore disposal
Workers/Labour StaffColony 800 Less than
SEQS.
Extent of Impact on Fauna & Flora = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]
Equalization Temp.
Control
pH
Adjustment
Treatment Treated water ready for
disposal/irrigation within
the plant
Raw sewage &
waste water
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5.5.2.2 Landscaping
At the completion of construction activities, landscaping should include useof native plant species.
After completion of construction phase, the site will be mostly dominated bybuildings, plant & machinery, stacks and Bagasse storage. Within this areaof low visual impact, the additional visual intrusion due to realization of theproject may be assessed as low.
Extent of Impact of Landscape = ▲(Low)
5.5.3 Solid Waste Management
The types, sources, and management of solid wastes anticipated to begenerated during the operation of the proposed project facilities are asfollows:
Plant wastes such as office wastes, packaging materials, ashes,garbage, refuse, redundant electric gadgets, various types of wastesof a large variety and rubbish/trash will be generated during theoperational phase of the proposed project in addition to general solidwaste. According to nature of solid waste, some of these will berecycled on the site while others will be sold in the market throughan approved contractor while keeping all the records. The contractorwill be fully informed/educated about the nature of the wastes. Otherplant wastes, such as lead acid batteries will be segregated fromother waste streams, collected and stored in suitable containers, andwill be transported off-site and disposed at an approved land fill siteby an approved waste transporter and contractor.
Special wastes such as hazardous waste, industrial solvents andother chemical wastes, and used oil, will be generated during theoperational phases of the proposed project. Special wastes couldalso include items such as waste oils, waste lubricants, paints,maintenance-related wastes, used air and liquid filtration media, andempty or nearly empty chemical containers. Most, if not all, of thesematerials will be disposed of by incineration through contractor.While others will be sold in the market through a contractor, keepingrecord of them and informing the contractor of their hazards andrational use.
Extent of Impact of Solid Waste = ▲ (Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures proposed.]
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5.5.4 Noise & Vibration Impacts
Once operational, additional ambient noises may be of concern. Accordingto the project feasibility study, ambient noise measurements of theequipment/machinery will be designed to operate with a total noise levelnot exceeding 50 to 65 dB (A) in the very near vicinity of the machinery.While at the property boundary, the noise level is expected to be less than60 dB (A) as against the limiting value of 65 dB (A) by the SEQS forindustrial areas. Therefore, in case the built in design of the plant achievesthese noise levels then no excessive ambient noise impacts are anticipatedat the receptors especially the human settlements near to the project site.
Extent of Impact on Noise Level = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigationand control measures.]
5.5.5 Societal Impacts during Operations
5.5.5.1 Neighborhood and Communities
Human settlements are present with in the distance of about 2 to 4 kilometers (KM) from the project boundary line. None of these villages haveany health facility or adequate drinking water supply. Education facilitiesare not adequate. Being very near to the project site, any environmentalcatastrophe or routine type pollutant emissions and their concentrationabove the limiting values of SEQS-Pakistan can cause adverse impacts onhuman health or any element of the environment around. Therefore, theproject needs to be operated seriously keeping in view the environmentalmanagement plan and sticking to the SEQS emissions standards. Failingwhich to operate without following strict environmental control, there couldbe adverse effects of human health, wild flora and fauna, ecology andwhatever comes in contact with the emissions from the project.
Extent of Impact = ▲(Low after strict compliance with the requiredenvironmental management systems)
5.5.5.2 Relocation Impact
As mentioned earlier, since relocation will not be required duringimplementation of the project, no impacts are anticipated in the project areaof influence during operation phase.
Extent of Impact = ▲ (Low)
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5.5.5.3 Economic Impact
The establishment of proposed project will provide new jobs at the plantsite. Most people of the area make their living directly or indirectly fromagriculture and cottage industry. Short-term economic benefit will berealized by providing janitorial services, horticultural services,loading/unloading workers, canteen, and semi-skilled & some skilledactivities, as well as by increased use of available rental property. Thereare no negative or detrimental potential impacts on the socio-economicsetting of the area arising as a result of the proposed project. As such nomitigation measures are required.
Extent of Socio-Economic Impact = ▼▼(Locally Favorable)
5.6 POSITIVE SOCIO–ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON THE OVERALL PROJECTAREA
In ultimate analysis the impacts of project on social and economic activitiesin the project area will be mostly positive. The economic analysis showsvery high economic benefits compared to the cost. Salient economicbenefits of the project are:
Electric GenerationThe power plant is expected to generate 60 MW of electricity. Given thatPakistan is facing the acute shortage of the energy this project will helptowards meeting a portion of the shortfall, thus providing some measures ofrelief to the people of Pakistan. The generation of electricity will not onlyhelp the industrial sector and its outputs but will also help to raise thestandards of living as it will reduce load shedding.
Furthermore, the proposed power plant is based on imported or someextent local Bagasse which will prove to be less costly than the thermalpower plants based on furnace oil.
Economic BoostIncreased economic activity with improved transport will ensure easymarketing of agriculture and livestock produce. With improved economy,there will be further improvement in services in the area and opportunitiesfor employment, education, healthcare, especially for women and children,will improve.
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Employment GenerationEmployment during construction phase will take up and train a largenumber of unemployed youth. They will receive a life time benefit throughskill training, capacity building and poverty alleviation. A large number ofsemi and unskilled workers in the project area will be hired.
Health AwarenessGreater awareness about Health care including HIV/AIDS and infectiousdiseases amongst the labor and the close by community will be created.
Improvement in LivelihoodAt micro–level the hustle and bustle and increase in economic activitiesmay bring the cost of living down by making essential commoditiesavailable at cheaper rates. This combined with higher incidence ofemployments will bring the poverty line and crime rate much lower.
Extent of Socio-Economic Impact = ▼▼ (Locally Favorable)
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6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (EMP) AND MONITORINGPROGRAM
This EMP describes the mitigation and management measures to addressthe environmental issues during construction, its regular operation phasesof the proposed project.
6.1 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The objectives of the EMP are as follow:
a) To outline functions and responsibilities of responsible persons.
b) To state standards and guidelines, which are required to beachieved in term of environmental legislation.
c) To outline mitigation measures and environmental specificationswhich are required to be implementation for all phase of the projectin order to minimize the extent of environmental impacts and tomanage environmental impact associated with the proposed project.
d) To prevent long term or permanent environmental degradation.
e) To identify training requirement at various levels.
6.2 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
Project Proponent will be responsible for Monitoring and Evaluation, butEnvironment consultant (of the proponent) will responsible to monitor EMPimplementation in the field and reporting to the Project Proponent. TheProject Proponent will integrate monitoring reports in the main monthlyreports of the project. The Environment Specialist of SupervisionConsultant will carry out a final evaluation at the end of the Project. Inaddition, for external monitoring, proponent is to engage an independentagency (an NGO, an academic institute or an individual consultant) toconduct 3rd party validation of EMP implementation. District Office of theEPA at the project area will monitor the overall activity at the site.
6.3 TRAINING SCHEDULE
In order to effectively operate the EMP all the staff to be engaged in thisactivity should be trained extensively.
The person to monitor gaseous emissions, PM and noise levels should beextensively trained to handle his job capably. Training program shouldinclude use of monitoring instruments, data generation, processing,interpretation, recording and presentation. Training of the workers shouldbe done on quarterly basis.
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6.4 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The EMP provides mitigation and management measures for the followingphases of the project:
6.4.1 Construction Phase
This section of EMP provides management principles for the constructionphase of the project. Environmental actions, procedures andresponsibilities as required within the construction phase are specified.These specifications will form part of the contract documentation andtherefore, the contractor will be required to comply with the specifications tothe satisfaction of the project Manager and Environmental Control Officer,in terms of the construction contract.
6.4.2 Operation and Mitigation Phase
This section of EMP provides management principles for the operation andmaintenance phase of the project. Environmental actions, procedure andresponsibilities are required from proponent within the operation andmaintenance phase are satisfied.
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Table - 6.1: Environmental Management Plan for 60 MW Bagasse Based Power Project
Sr.No.
ProjectComponent/
Impact
Targets to beAchieved
Mitigation/Preventive Action
Responsibility
Implementation Supervision Monitoring
Pre-Construction Phase
1. Legislation,
permits and
agreements
Full compliance
with all relevant
National & Local
Legislation
In all instances,
Proponent, service
providers,
contractors and
consultants require
to remain in
compliance with
relevant local and
national legislation.
Once at Design
Stage and prior to
moving onto site by
proponent.
Proponent,
Contractor/
Engineers,
Consultants
Project
Proponent
2. Land Acquisition,
Loss of private
land, agriculture
field, trees,
residential/
commercial
Site preparation/
clearance and
proper landscaping
without any kind of
grievance for
construction of
Develop an
appropriate “land
acquisition &
Resettlement Action
Plan”
Land acquisition (if
Prior to start
construction by
Proponent.
Contractor and
Design
Engineers &
Supervision
Consultants
Project
Proponent
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structures proposed thermal
power plant
any) must be
conducted in
compliance with
relevant laws and
legislation
The cost related to
relocation will be
given to the
relocated residents
Ensure maximum
possible employment
to local residents
3. Planning & Design High degree of
structural
competence,
reliability, safety
and ease
The design
specification will be
followed to withstand
local standards
regarding noise and
vibration and use of
At Design Stage
by proponent with
coordination of
Design Engineers
Design
Engineers &
Supervision
Consultants
Project
Proponent
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familiar and culturally
relevant materials
wherever consistent
with functional needs
Project performance
must be enhanced
by incorporating
innovative and
sustainable design
strategies.
4. Local Conflicts of
interest among
residents,
workers,
government
officers & local
politician
Settle down each
of conflict arise to
best possible
extent
Ensure consideration
of affected people’s
emotions
Provide maximum
project benefits to
local affected person
(e.g. employment)
Prior to start
construction by
contractor with
coordination of
proponent
Contractors
and Design
Engineers &
Supervision
Consultants
Project
Proponent
5. Misdistribution of Equal and fair Implement the same Prior to commence Contractors Project
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Benefits and
Compensation
among residents,
workers,
government
officers and
others.
distribution of
benefits and
compensation
mitigation as outlined
in the “Local conflict
of interest”
construction activity
by contractor with
coordination of
proponent
and Design
Engineers &
Supervision
Consultants
Proponent
6. Access to Site
may result in
damage to
existing roads due
to heavy
machinery/
equipments
mobilization
Ascertain existing
conditions of road
for safe access to
site for
transportation of
construction
equipments and
materials
Access to site will be
via existing roads.
The Contractor will
need to ascertain the
existing condition of
the roads and repair
major damage to
avoid delays in
transporting
construction
materials
Contractor with
coordination of
Engineer and
Consultant
Design
Engineers &
Supervision
Consultants
Project
Proponent
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All roads for
construction access
must be planned and
approved by the
Engineer and
Consultant
No trees, shrubs or
groundcover may be
removed or
vegetation stripped
without the prior
permission of
Engineer/ Consultant
The Local Traffic
Police Department
shall be involved in
the planning stages
of the road closure
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and detour and shall
be available on site
for the monitoring of
traffic in the early
stages of the
operations during
road closure
The Local Traffic
Department must be
informed at least a
week in advance if
the traffic in the area
will be affected
7. Setting up of
Construction
Camps
Availability of
environmentally
sound construction
camp facilities
Choice of site for the
Contractor‘s camp
requires the
Engineer‘s
permission and must
Contractor with
coordination of
proponent
Design
Engineers
&Supervision
Consultant
Project
Proponent
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take into account
location of local
residents,
businesses and
existing land uses, if
any.
If the Contractor
chooses to locate the
camp site on private
land, he must get
prior permission from
both the Engineer
and the landowner
Cut and fill must be
avoided where
possible during the
set up of the
construction camp
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Camp must be
properly fenced and
secured
The Contractor shall
make adequate
provision for
temporary toilets for
the use of their
employees. Such
facilities, which shall
comply with local
authority regulations,
shall be maintained
in a clean and
hygienic condition.
Their use shall be
strictly enforced
Bins and/ or skips
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shall be provided at
convenient intervals
for disposal of waste
within the
construction camp
Bins shall have liner
bags for efficient
control and safe
disposal of waste
Recycling and the
provision of separate
waste receptacles for
different types of
waste shall be
encouraged.
Construction Phase
1. Air Quality
Dust resulting
Compliance with
prescribed SEQS
Necessary
measures likeDuring
Construction
Engineers &
Supervision
Proponent/ EPA
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from
construction
work
Use of heavy
machinery can
generate
exhaust and
dust emissions
Dispersion of
particles from
stockpiles
during high
velocity wind
Smoke from
burning of
waste
materials or
burning of
to control air
pollution
sprinkling of water
on regular basis
especially during
dry climatic
conditions should
be taken to limit
pollution from dust
and other
windblown
materials.
Covering or use of
wind sheets around
the stockpiles to
avoid air pollution
through dispersion
Periodic
maintenance and
management of all
Phase by
Contractor with
coordination of
Proponent staff
Consultants
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firewood in the
labor camp
the construction
machinery and
vehicles
Cutting and burning
shrubs for fuel will
be prohibited.
Instead gas
cylinders should be
used in the labor
camp for cooking
purposes. Similarly
waste burning will
not be allowed.
2. Water Quality
Run-off water
from
construction
area
Control of
groundwater or
surface water
pollution from
construction
Use of spill
prevention trays and
impermeable sheets
to avoid
contamination of the
During
Construction
Phase by
Contractor with
coordination of
Engineers &
Supervision
Consultants
Proponent/ EPA
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Drainage of
wastewater on
ground can
contaminate
the soil and
groundwater.
Inappropriate
disposal of
waste.
Open
sewerage
water disposal
on land can
contaminate
ground water
and cause
generation of
mosquitoes
activities groundwater/surface
water
Furthermore, septic
tanks will need to be
constructed which
will be cemented to
prevent the
groundwater
contamination
Proper disposal of
waste material on
dumping sites to
avoid leachate
generation and
contamination of
groundwater/surfac
e water
Prohibit illegal
Proponent staff
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and various
other insects in
the area.
Leakage of oil
and chemical
materials from
construction
activity
dumping of waste
The contractor will
repair / replace /
compensate for any
damages caused by
the Construction
activities to the
drinking water
source/s.
3. Waste
Construction
waste from
construction
activities
Domestic waste
from workers
camp
Hazardous
Proper & safe
handling and
disposal of
construction
related waste
Compliance with
applicable waste
management
rules for
Ensure prevention
of inappropriate
disposal of waste
material
Conduct separate
collection of
construction and
domestic waste to
promote recycling
During
Construction
Phase by
Contractor with
coordination of
Proponent staff
Engineers &
Supervision
Consultant
Proponent/ EPA
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waste such as
dry batteries,
chemicals etc.
hazardous and
non-hazardous
waste disposal
Implementation of
waste
management plan
and re-use
Dispose non-
recyclable and
hazardous waste
material properly
according to waste
management rules
Proper disposal of
waste on agreed
site as per agreed
method. The area to
be leveled and
contoured after
disposing excess
material. No waste
or debris will be
thrown in the
nearest canal water
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or other water
bodies
Contractor will
prepare waste
management plan
related to
construction
activities; get its
approval from site
engineer and
ensure its full
implementation
4. Noise
Noise caused
by construction
machinery and
vehicles used
for mobilization
Compliance with
prescribed SEQs
to control Noise
pollution
The contractor will
strictly follow the
SEQS for ambient
noise
Control noise
through control of
During
Construction
Phase by
Contractor with
coordination of
Proponent staff
Supervision
Consultant
Proponent/ EPA
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of construction
equipment and
workers
working hours and
selection of less
noisy equipment.
Prohibit use of
pressure horns
Provision of
acoustic enclosures
(hood and shrouds)
on generator
Proper maintenance
of vehicles and
construction
equipment.
Minimize/avoid
unnecessary use of
pneumatic drills and
other noisy
machinery
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The personal
protective
equipment (PPE)
will be provided to
the construction
workers and its
usage will be made
mandatory
5. Materials
Management
Safe and secure
environment for
construction
workers
Stockpiles shall not
be situated such
that they obstruct
natural water
pathways
Stockpiles shall not
exceed 2m in height
unless permitted by
Concerned
Engineer on site
Contractor with
coordination of
proponent and
Engineer
Engineer &
Supervision
Consultant
Proponent/
EPA
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If stockpiles are
exposed to windy
conditions or heavy
rain, they shall be
covered either
depending on the
duration of the
project. Stockpiles
may further be
protected by the
construction of low
brick walls around
their bases
All substances
required for vehicle/
machinery
maintenance and
repair must be
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stored in sealed
containers until they
can be disposed of /
removed from the
site
Hazardous
substances /
materials are to be
transported in
sealed containers or
bags
Spraying of
insecticide shall not
take place under
windy conditions
6. BiologicalResources
Removal of
Obligation to
respect wildlife,
Forest and
Re-plantation of
maximum number
of trees.
Contractor with
coordination of
proponent staff
Design
Engineer &
Supervision
Proponent/
EPA
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vegetation
covers by
cutting of trees,
crops, herbs
and shrubs
Fauna
including birds
and animals
will be affected
during
excavation,
movement of
labor and
carriage of
goods and
machinery
Fisheries Laws.
Conserve
biodiversity and
its terrestrial as
well as aquatic
habitat
Staff and workers
should be instructed
not to damage
nearby vegetation of
the surrounding
area.
Open fires should
be prohibited in the
area to avoid the
hazard of fire and
impact on nearby
flora and fauna.
Contractor staff
should be given
clear instructions
that they should not
hunt any birds/
animal in the project
Consultant
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area/ site
Barriers/ fencing/ or
boundary wall
should be installed
at project site to
protect movement
of animals at the
project site during
constructions.
Proper disposal of
organic waste (if
any) generated
during the
construction stage
to avoid rodents and
other insects’
generation.
7. Staff Conduct Timely completion The Contractor Contractor Design Proponent/ EPA
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of project
activities
must monitor the
performance of
construction
workers to ensure
that point relayed
during their
induction have been
properly understood
and being followed
Engineer &
Supervision
Consultant
8. Leakages/ spills/
Paints/ Used oil
Compliance with
standards set
forth by “Guide
Lines for Oil Spill
Waste
Minimization and
Management”
issued by
International
Contractor will apply
strict rules on his
workers and labor to
ensure that no spill
or leakages are
caused
All fuels, oils and
bitumen will be
stored
Contractor Design
Engineer &
Supervision
Consultant
Proponent/ EPA
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Petroleum
Industry
Environmental
Conservation
Associate
appropriately, with
concrete padding
and bunding for
containment in case
of leakage
Proper maintenance
of vehicles and
machinery
Chemical waste will
be disposed off in
approved disposal
site.
All fuel tanks,
chemicals including
paints, pesticides or
other hazardous
substances will be
properly marked to
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highlight their
content
PPE will be
enforced to use
during the handling
and application of
chemicals
Used oil/ oil rags will
be disposed through
approved recyclable
waste vendors
The contractor will
employ the general
criteria for oil and
leakage at
construction sites,
as per standards
9. Workers Health & Prevention of any Provision of Contractor Engineer & Proponent/ EPA
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Safety possibility of work
site accident
/impact on
worker’s health
Personal Protective
Equipment to the
workers
Provision of first aid
box at work site to
cope with
emergency situation
Safety training to
the workers
Safe driving training
to the drivers
Adequate safety
signs on site
Provide training
regarding proper
handling and use of
chemicals/ paints
Install fire
Supervision
Consultant
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extinguishers at fire
handling places
Inspect and ensure
that any lifting
devices, such as
cranes, are
appropriate for
expected loads
Any loss of public/
private property will
be compensated by
the contractor
Regular checks
should be carried
out to ensure a
contractor’s is
following safe
working procedures
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and practices.
10. Socio-economic
Impacts
Prevention of
conflicts among
locals and make
the project
socially
acceptable
Empowerment of
locals to possible
extent
Increase in
employment and
business
opportunities for
locals
Contractor‘s
activities and
movement of staff to
be restricted to
designated
construction areas
The conduct of the
construction staff
when dealing with
the public or other
stakeholders shall
be in a manner that
is polite and
courteous all the
time
Lighting on the
construction site
Contractor with
coordination of
proponent staff
Supervision
Engineer
Proponent/ EPA
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shall be pointed
downwards and
away from
oncoming traffic.
The site must be
kept clean to
minimize the visual
impact of site
Machinery and
vehicles are to be
kept in good
working order for
the duration of the
project to minimize
noise nuisance to
neighbors
Noisy activities must
be restricted to the
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times given in the
Project Specification
or General
Conditions of
contract
The Contractor are
responsible for
ongoing
communication with
those people that
are interested in /
affected by the
projects
Employ local
residents as much
as possible
Promote
communication
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between external
workers and local
people (e.g. join
local events).
11. Clearance of site
from extra /
surplus material
and construction
equipment
Restoration of site
to a similar
condition prior to
the
commencement
of the work or to a
condition agreed
with the project
management and
landscaping of
the site
Timely removal of
waste from the site
to avoid congestion
at work place.
Construction waste
should be collected
and disposed
separately from
other waste.
Care will be taken
during handling and
disposal of waste.
Contaminated soil
(if generated) due to
Contractor Supervision
Engineers
Proponent/ EPA
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accidental spills will
be removed and
transported to
suitable site for
disposal.
Avoid mixing of
hazardous waste
with non-hazardous
waste.
Safe transportation
of construction
equipment from the
site.
The contractor must
ensures that all
structure,
equipment,
materials and
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facilities used or
created on site
for/or during
construction
activities are
removed.
Empty/available
space will be
covered with grassy
lawns.
Use of native
vegetation as a part
of landscape.
Ornamental plant
species like roses,
jasmine, and
seasonal flowers
can be used in
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proposed
landscaping, which
is a common
practice in this part.
Operational Phase
1. Air Quality
Exhaust gas
from stacks
Dust from ash
disposal
activity
Exhaust gas
from vehicles
used for
mobilization of
equipment
Dust from
bagasse
Compliance With
Emission gas
standards,
Ambient air
quality (SEQs)
standards,
Prevention of air
pollution in
surrounding area;
appropriate
handling of ash;
appropriate
bagasse
Power PlantOperationalActivities
To reduce PM
emissions,
Electrostatic
precipitator of
99.8% efficiency
will be installed
To reduce NO2
emissions, firing
system will use
low combust
EHS officer of
Project Proponent
Environment
Consultant
hired by
Project
Proponent
Project
Proponent/ EPA
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handling
activities and
Bagasseyard
handling during
stock and
unloading
activities
technology
For stack
design, height
will be 90m
Duct will be
provided with
Electrostatic
Precipitator with
the supported
infrastructure as
required under
the gas emission
standards of
SEQS
Ash Handling
Shifting the fly
ash and bottom
ash to the ash
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pond1 using air
sealed conveyer
Watering in the
ash pond as
required for dry
season
Re-greening
especially along
the boundary of
the plant site
surrounding ash
pond with
domestic plants
according to
local climate
conditions
1An ash disposal pond (10 ha) will be built at the project site. The nominal capacity of the ash disposal pond is calculated based on the total volume of the ash to beaccumulated for the duration of 5 years operation with 5000 hours of full load factor each. Leakage from the bottom of the ash pond will be prevented by using an impermeablelayer, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) sheet or silt layer.
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Gas Emissionsfrom Vehicles
Periodic
maintenance
and
management of
vehicles
2. Water Quality
Thermal
effluent from
cooling system
Wastewater
from plant
process
Rainwater
drainage from
ash pond and
Bagasseyard
Compliance with
Wastewater
standards of
SEQS
Thermal Effluents
Thermal
effluents will be
discharge far
from the intake
point of cooling
water to reduce
the impact on
surrounding area
Wastewater
Installation of
EHS officer of
Project Proponent
Environment
Consultant
hired by
Project
Proponent
Project
Proponent/ EPA
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Leakages of oil
and chemical
materials
wastewater
treatment
system by
neutralization,
settling and oil
separation so
any wastewater
produced
complies with
wastewater
standards of
SEQS
Runoff water
Runoff water is
collected in the
pond and
discharged after
appropriate
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treatment
The bottom of
the ash pond
shall have an
impermeable
layer (less than
10-6cm/sec) such
as impermeable
geo-membrane,
sheet and clay
Oil & chemicalmaterials leakage
Storage of oil
and chemical
material in
appropriate tank
with retaining
wall and method
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to prevent
permeation into
ground.
3. Waste
Fly ash and
bottom ash
Sludge from
wastewater
treatment and
waste oil from
equipment etc.
Sewage and
garbage from
workers
Compliance with
waste
management
rules
Appropriate
handling of
Bagasseash
Management of
waste, especially
hazardous waste
Prevention of
inappropriate
waste disposal
Ash disposal
Ash pond is
designed with
capacity of 5
years of
operation
Wastemanagement
Implementation of
waste management
program consisting
of reduce, reuse and
re-cycling of
materials
Systematic
EHS officer of
Project Proponent
Environment
Consultant
hired by
Project
Proponent
Project
Proponent/ EPA
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collection and
protected
storage of waste
Waste disposal
at appropriate
and designated
site
Hazardous
waste must be
treated under
related
regulation
Prohibition of
dumping of any
contaminating
material
4. Noise & Vibration
Noise and
Compliance with
prescribed SEQs
Installation of low
noise/ low vibrationEHS officer of
Project Proponent
Environment
Consultant
Project
Proponent/ EPA
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vibration from
steam turbines,
generators and
pumps etc.
Noise by ash
disposal/
Bagasse
handling
activity
Noise from
vehicles used
for mobilization
of equipment
to control Noise
pollution
type equipment
Proper
maintenance of
equipments
Adequate basis of
equipment to
reduce the vibration
Adequate enclosure
of equipment to
reduce noise
Provision of PPEs
to workers like ear
muffles
Ensure use of
PPEs by workers
hired by
Project
Proponent
5. Access to socialservices
Social facilities
Improved social
infrastructure and
living standards of
Increased access to
social services
Construction of
Project Proponent EHS officer/
Environment
Consultant
Project
Proponent/ EPA
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like road,
school etc.
Employment
opportunities
local residents
along with power
plant
access road,
community road,
and road around
the power plant
boundary
Service facilities
such as school
and medical
centre are made
available to the
local residents
as required
Electrification of
surrounding area
must be
examined
Provision of
employment to
hired by
Project
Proponent
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every affected
person on fair
basis
6. Workenvironment(including worksafety)
Labor
accidents due
to handling
heavy loads;
working at
heights;
electric shocks
Diseases
caused by air
pollutants,
water
Prevention
measures against
labor accidents
and health
problems
Labor accidents
Prepare a
manual for labor
accident
prevention
including safety
education and
training
Provide workers
with appropriate
protective
equipment
Inspect and
ensure that any
lifting devices,
EHS officer of
Project Proponent
Environment
Consultant
hired by
Project
Proponent
Project
Proponent/ EPA
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pollutants, and
noise from the
operation of
the power plant
Fire Hazards
such as cranes,
are appropriate
for expected
loads
Keep lifting
devices well
maintained and
perform
maintenance
checks as
appropriate
Use equipment
that protects
against electric
shock
EnvironmentPollution
Observe related
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standards and
provide workers
with appropriate
facilities.
Fire Hazards
Installing fire
extinguishers in
fire handling
places
Installing fire
fighting system
Developing fire
fighting
organization and
implementing
fire drills
Spraying water
in Bagasse yard
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Figure - 6.1: Organogram for Implementation of EMP
6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
It will be in the fitness of the things to operate this project under theEnvironmental Management Plan (EMP). The EMP will ensure that even alltype of pollutants from project is within the prescribed limiting values of theSEQS. Thus, the environment and human health around the project will besafeguarded. Regular monitoring of all the significant environmental issuesis essential to check the compliance status of EMP.
The main objective of the monitoring will be;
To verify the results of the environmental study with respects to theproposed project.
To estimate the trends of concentrated values of the issues, whichhave been identified as critical and then planning the mitigatingmeasures.
To assess the efficiency of pollution control mechanism.
To ensure that any additional parameters, other than those identifiedin the EIA report, do not turn critical after the commissioning ofproposed project.
Project ProponentRanipur Energy LimitedContractor’sEnvironmentalistContractor
EnvironmentalSupervision Consultant(ESC)
Project Director
IndependentEnvironment Monitor(IEM)
Monitoring Agency(EPA)
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Table- 6.2: Recommended Activities of Environmental Monitoring
Parameter/Receptor LocationMonitoringMechanism
Monitoring andReportingFrequency
Water Quality Ground Water
Surface Water
Discrete grab
sampling and
laboratory
testing of
water
samples.
Sampling and
laboratory
testing should
be done on
monthly basis
during the
construction
and annually
during the
operational
stage.
Discharges
from the
construction
sites should be
tested for
temperature,
pH and
turbidity.
Treated
effluent
discharges
from the
worker’s camp
to be tested for
pH, TSS and
BOD5.
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Parameter/Receptor LocationMonitoringMechanism
Monitoring andReportingFrequency
Dust Emissions Tracks along the
roads during
construction
period.
Ambient
Particulate
Matter
Monitoring.
Sampling and
laboratory
testing should
be done on
monthly basis
during the
construction
and through
Quarterly basis
during the
operational
stage.
Noise Levels Camp sites,
Selected
locations along
the project
access.
Noise meter Monthly during
the
construction
and operational
stage.
Stack emission Silencers of heavy
machinery, trucks
and other
vehicles.
Emissions
monitoring
system.
Monitoring of
ambient air
quality.
Monthly
monitoring of
air pollution
parameters
including PM10,
NOX, SOX, CO,
Hydrocarbons
during the
construction
period, and
through the
online
monitoring
system of
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Parameter/Receptor LocationMonitoringMechanism
Monitoring andReportingFrequency
PM10, NOX,
CO, during the
operation
stage.
Ecological Environment
Cutting of trees In all Project Area
during the
construction stage
and operation
stage.
Periodic visits
at site to
ensure that
only those
trees should
be cut, which
are
demarcated
for cutting.
Weekly during
routine
monitoring
and reported
on monthly
basis during
the
construction
period, and
once in a year
monitoring
and reporting
during the
operation
period.
Socio-Cultural Environment
Inconvenience to
community
All around the
Project Area
Consultations
with
community to
get feedback
about
inconvenience
due to the
construction
activities to
Monthly
monitoring
and reporting
during the
construction
period.
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Parameter/Receptor LocationMonitoringMechanism
Monitoring andReportingFrequency
perform their
daily routine
chores.
6.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST
The total cost for the environmental management is estimated as 5.0million Pak Rupees. The estimations are as followings;
Table - 7.3: Environmental Management CostEnvironmental Component Quantity Amount (PKR)
i. Tree Plantation (localspecies)
1500 1,400,000.0
ii. Health and SafetyMeasures and Provision ofPPEs
L.S. 1,000,000.0
iii. Air and Water Quality &Noise Monitoring
L.S. 1,600,000.0
iv. Environmental Trainings L.S 1,000,000.0
Total Environmental Management andMonitoring Cost
5,000,000.0
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6.7 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.7.1 Recommendations and Mitigation Measures
Based on the initial benchmark study the recommendations are made:
The management of the project can capitalize on the positiveattitude of the people of area towards proposed project by offeringthem maximum employment opportunities at the construction stageand stage of operational phase of the power plant.
Insufficient and inadequate socio-economic structure of thecommunity of the area also provides ample opportunities to projectmanagement to win sympathies of local people in their favor, byintroducing meaningful and manageable plan of communitydevelopment.
Aggressive and comprehensive plantation plan can also lessen fearof local people towards environmental issues.
Plant management can explore direct or indirect chances of femaleemployment opportunities. Such efforts can be fruitful to minimizenegative social impacts.
Sustainable development approach through conservation of naturalresources would be the best strategy to compensate negative socio-environmental impacts.
Plant management should offer technical training opportunities tothe local youth, if possible, to remove relative sense of deprivation.
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Table 6.3: Project Impact Matrix
EnvironmentalComponents
Components/Activities
Physical Environment Biological Environment Social Environment
Agric
ultu
ral
Land
s
Soil
(Ero
sion
/Sta
bilit
y)
Hou
sing
Cul
tura
l/Rel
igio
us P
rope
rties
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Min
eral
Res
ourc
es
Dow
nstre
am R
iver
Flo
ws
Floo
ding
Surfa
ce w
ater
qua
lity
Gro
und
wat
er q
ualit
y
Air q
ualit
y
Noi
se
Aqua
tic E
cosy
stem
Wet
land
Eco
syst
em
Terr
estri
al E
cosy
stem
Enda
nger
ed S
peci
es
Nat
ural
Flo
ra
Wild
life
Dis
ease
Vec
tors
Publ
ic H
ealth
Land
Use
Com
mun
icat
ion
Syst
em
Empl
oym
ent
Com
mun
ity S
tabi
lity
Cul
tura
l and
Rel
igio
us V
alue
Construction PhaseConstruction Camp MA LA O O LA O O O LA LA LA LA LA O O O LA LA LA O LA LB LB O LAStorage Site O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O LA O O O OBoiler LA O O O O O O O O O LA LA O O O O LA LA O O LA O LB O oFeed Water Tank LA O O O O O O O LA LA LA LA O O O O LA o O O LA O LB o OSteam TurboGenerator
LA O O O O O O O O O O LA O O O O O O O O LA O LB O O
VehicularMovement
LA O O O O O O O LA O LA LA O O O O O O O LA LA LB O O O
Operation PhaseLoading/ Unloading LA O o O o O o O LA o LA LA O o O o O O o LA LA MB MB o OTransportation LA O O O O O O O O O LA LA O O O O O O O O O O LB O oMain TransmissionLine
LA o O o O o O o O o o O o O o O o o O o o O LB O o
LA: Low Adverse MA: Medium Adverse HA: High Adverse NA: Not Applicable O: None or Insignificant
LB: Low Beneficial Medium Beneficial HB: High Beneficial ND: Not Determinable
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7 PROJECT SOCIAL SOUNDNESS
Stakeholder consultation is a means of involving all primary and secondarystakeholders in the project’s decision-making process in order to addresstheir concerns, improve project design, and give the project legitimacy.Stakeholder consultation, if conducted in a participatory and objectivemanner, are a means of enhancing project sustainability. Community input(both of knowledge and values) on socioeconomic and environmentalissues can greatly enhance the quality of decision-making. Stakeholderconsultation was therefore conducted in the project area not only to satisfythe legal requirements of the EIA process in Sindh province but also toimprove and enhance the social and environmental design of the project.
7.1 OBJECTIVES OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION
The process of public participation and consultation was endorsed in theUnited Nations Conference on the Environment and Development(UNCED) in 1992 through one of the key documents of the conferencenamed as Agenda 21.
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive strategy for global action on sustainabledevelopment and deals with issues regarding human interaction with theenvironment. It emphasizes the role of public participation in environmentaldecision-making for the achievement of sustainable development.
A study was carried out with the broad objective to evaluate the impact ofthe project on the local population through public consultation process. Thespecific impact assessment aims were:
Promote better understanding of the project, its objective, and itslikely impact
Identify and address concerns of all interested and affected partiesof project area.
Provide a means to identify and resolve issues before plans arefinalized and potentially costly delays development commences,thus avoiding public anger and resentment.
Encourage transparency and inculcate trust among variousstakeholders to promote cooperation and partnership with thecommunities and local leadership.
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7.2 SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 2014
Public consultation is mandated under Sindh’s environmental law. TheProvincial Agency has issued a set of guidelines of general applicabilityand sectoral guidelines indicating specific assessment requirements. Thisincludes Guidelines for Public Consultation, 1997 (the ‘Guidelines’), thatare summarized below:
a) Objectives of Public Involvement
To inform stakeholders about the proposed project, to provide anopportunity for those otherwise unrepresented to present their viewsand values, providing better transparency and accountability indecision making, creating a sense of ownership with the stakeholders.
b) Stakeholders
People who may be directly or indirectly affected by the proposedproject will clearly be the focus of public involvement. Those who aredirectly affected may be project beneficiaries, those likely to beadversely affected, or other stakeholders. The identification of thoseindirectly affected is more difficult, and to some extent it will be asubjective judgment. For this reason it is good practice to have a verywide definition of who should be involved and to include any person orgroup who thinks that they have an interest. Sometimes it may benecessary to consult with a representative from a particular interestgroup. In such cases the choice of representative should be left to thegroup itself. Consultation should include not only those likely to beaffected, positively or negatively, by the outcome of proposed project,but should also include those who can affect the outcome of aproposal.
c) Mechanism
Provide sufficient relevant information in a form that is easilyunderstood by non-experts (without being simplistic or insulting), allowsufficient time for stakeholders to read, discuss, consider theinformation and its implications and to present their views, responsesshould be provided to issues and problems raised or comments madeby stakeholders, selection of venues and timings of events shouldencourage maximum attendance.
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d) Timing and Frequency
Planning for the public consultation program needs to begin at a veryearly stage; ideally it should commence at the screening stage of theproposal and continue throughout the EIA process. In particular forpresent project the consultation was carried for six consecutive days.
e) Consultation Tools
Some specific consultation tools that can be used for conductingconsultations include; focus group meetings, needs assessment, semi-structured interviews; community meetings and workshops. Inparticular for this a performa was developed to get the relatedinformation.
f) Important Considerations
The development of a public involvement program would typicallyinvolve consideration of the following issues;
objectives of the proposal and the study;
identification of stakeholders;
identification of appropriate techniques to consult with thestakeholders
identification of approaches to ensure feedback to involvedstakeholders; and
mechanisms to ensure stakeholders consideration are taken intoaccount.
7.3 CONSULTATION PROCESS
Primary stakeholders were consulted during informal and formal meetingsheld in the project area. The consultation process was carried out in thePunjabi and Urdu languages. During these meetings a simple, non-technical, description of the project was given, with an overview of theproject’s likely human and environmental impact. This was followed by anopen discussion allowing participants to voice their concerns and opinions.In addition to providing communities with information on the proposedproject, their feedback was documented during the primary stakeholderconsultation. The issues and suggestions raised were recorded in fieldnotes for analysis, and interpretation.
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By reaching out to a wider segment of the population and using variouscommunication tools such as participatory needs assessment, communityconsultation meetings, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, andparticipatory rural appraisal; present EIA involved the community in activedecision-making.
In the Secondary stakeholder consultations were more formal as theyinvolved government representatives and local welfare organizations,NGO’s consulted during face-to-face meetings and through telephonicconversations. They were briefed on the EIA process, the project design,and the potential negative and positive impact of the project on the area’senvironment and communities. It was important not to raise communityexpectations unnecessarily or unrealistically during the stakeholderconsultation meetings in order to avoid undue conflict with community’sleaders or local administrators. The issues recorded in the consultationprocess were examined, validated, and addressed in the EIA report.
7.3.1 Points Discussed
Following points were discussed during the public consultations:
Project components, its activities and impacts.
Needs, priorities and reactions of the affected population regardingthe proposed Project.
Grievances redress procedures.
Entitlement checklist development for the affectees of the Project.
Evaluation criteria of the buildings.
Basis for determining the rates of the land, houses, and otherinfrastructures.
Compensation framework for the Project affectees.
Compensation criteria to be followed for the payment to theaffectees.
Role of the affectees in implementation of the project.
7.4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION TECHNIQUE
In recognition of the diversity of views within any community, it is veryimportant to obtain a clear understanding of the different stakeholders andto analyze their capacity and willingness to be involved in some or all of the
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project and its planning process. It is important to be aware of how differentpower relations can distort participation. It is also important to examine howcommunity skills, resources, and ‘local knowledge’ can be applied toimprove project design and implementation. All of this can be achieved bycareful use of the various tools of Stakeholder Consultation. Therefore, thefollowing participatory techniques were employed during stakeholderconsultations:
Informal meetings with communities.
Focus Groups with participants in communities.
In the consultation process for EIA, following key stakeholders wereconsulted:
Local communities,
Men
Community’s elders attended meetings.
Meetings with stakeholders consisted of community consultation meetings,focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with men and limitedfocus-group discussions with women.
7.4.1 Government Representatives
The consultations were carried out with the local government officials andofficials of the various departments.
The officials of government departments perceived that the employmentopportunities and business development would be the positive impacts onthe community and people during the construction phase of the proposedproject. Among the perceived negative impacts during construction phaseof the project include especially road blockage, dust emissions, noise andnuisance due to heavy traffic. All officials of project study area were in favorof the project. They expect many positive, conducive and constructiveimpacts on socio-economic life of local community regarding jobs, businessopportunity and social structure development. They were in opinion thatproject would improve area development through development of existinginfrastructure etc. The project will also raise their level of awareness,initiate cultural diffusion, activate social mobility and bring social changeregarding various aspects of their life.
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The officials from Fisheries and Irrigation departments appreciated theproposed activity. They also expressed that the jobs and businessopportunities for the local community will be increased due to projectactivities and that the infrastructure will developed that automatically lead tothe development of the project area. They also expressed the concern thatmost of the unskilled and skill jobs should be provided for the localcommunities.
7.4.2 Stakeholder Concerns and Recommendations
The findings of the Community consultations are given as followed. Allthese have been addressed in various sections of the EIA and themitigation plans have been incorporated into the EMP.
The summary of the various stakeholder consultations is given below.
The people foresee positive impacts like employment opportunities,business, development of the area etc.
Study findings depict that the people of the study area perceiveoverall positive impacts as a result of power plant sitting. Therefore,their attitude towards the project establishment is quite positive.
As far as the Environmental Assessment is concerned, positivesocial impacts are dominant over hardly conceived any negativesocial impacts observed during the study.
The people have high expectations and hope from the projectactivity and its management.
They correlate their positive attitude towards the project with manysocio-economic opportunities and benefits.
The people believe that the project in the area will open up vastemployment opportunities which in turn follow a chain of indirectsocio-economic benefits.
They also perceive accelerated economic activity due to thebusiness opportunities likely to emerge in the area. Directly orindirectly, hundreds of the local people will get employment andbusiness from the project e.g, shopkeepers, traders, suppliers,contractors, transporters, technicians, etc.
People foresee many socio-cultural and psychological positiveimpacts on their lives and the community.
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They feel that the project and its related activities will provide astrong base for social change.
They reckon that invasion of the people and technology in the areawill improve the quality of life of the people. It will also improve thelevel of general awareness of the people about different aspects oflife.
From the above facts one can conclude that many positive economic andsocial impacts will appear in the quality of the lives of the people of theStudy Area due to proposed power project. These positive impacts includeimprovement in employment and business opportunities, infrastructuredevelopment, reducing rural urban migration, generating income resourcesand improving quality of life.
7.5 PROCEDURE FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES
Suggested procedures to be adopted for the redressal of the grievancesare given below:
Project affectee will submit his/her application to the FieldImplementation Unit for consideration. Within 15 days of the receiptof the complaint, action will be taken up for redressal of thegrievance. Wherever policy matters are involved, the case will bereferred to the appropriate authority or committee appointed by theProject to decide the matter.
In case some response on the complaint is not received within 15days of the receipt of the complaint, the complainant may also senda reminder to within 15 days notice to take legal remedial measures.
In case the matter has been decided but the complainant is notsatisfied, he/she may go to the court of law.
In case of such eventualities, all affected persons should beexempted from legal and administrative fees made/paid/incurredpursuant to the grievance redressal procedures.
All complaints received in writing or written when received verballywill be properly recorded and documented.
7.6 PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS
Under the Project the following will be established or appointed to ensuretimely and effective handling of grievances:
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A Public Complaints Unit (PCU), which will be responsible toreceive, log, and resolve complaints; and,
A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC), responsible to oversee thefunctioning of the PCU as well as the final non-judicial authority onresolving grievances that cannot be resolved by PCU;
Grievance Focal Points (GFPs) having educated people from eachcommunity that can be approached by the community members fortheir grievances against the Project. The GFPs will be providedtraining by the Project in facilitating grievance redress.
Details of the proposed mechanism are given below.
7.6.1 PCU – Function and Structure
PCU will be set up as part of the environment, health and safetydepartment of the Project. A senior official with experience in communityand public liaison will lead the unit. Two assistants, one male and onefemale will be responsible for coordinating correspondence and preparingdocumentation work and will assist the senior official. The senior official willbe responsible to review all documentation. The PCU will be responsible toreceive, log, and resolve grievances. The frequency of visits will depend onthe nature and magnitude of activity in an area and the frequency ofgrievances.
7.6.2 GRC – Function and Structure
The GRC will function as an independent body that will regulate PCU andthe grievance redress process. It will comprise of:
Officials of environment, health and safety of the proposed Project.
Senior engineer that is responsible to oversee the contractors.
Two literate representatives from the communities residing near theproject site;
A representative of the local government. In case the localgovernment elections take place, this could be the Naib-Nazim orNazim (the district governor). If not, this would be the DistrictCoordinating Officer (DCO) or an appointed representative;
Senior member from the local civil society with experience incommunity relations;
A female member from the local civil society.
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The GRC will meet once every three months to review theperformance of the PCU; the frequency can be changed dependingon the nature and frequency of grievances received. Theperformance will be gauged in terms of the effectiveness and thetimeliness with which grievances were managed. In case there areany unresolved or pending issues, the GRC will deliberate onmechanisms to resolve those and come up with solutions acceptableto everyone.
7.6.3 Grievance Focal Points
The GFPs will be literate people from each community that will facilitatetheir community members in reporting grievances from the Project. TheGFPs will be provided training by the Project in facilitating grievanceredress. Each community will have a male and female GFP appointed forthis purpose.
7.6.4 Procedure of Filing and Resolving Grievances
Grievances will be logged and resolved in the following steps:
Step 1: Receive and Acknowledge Complaint
Once the PCU receives a complaint, which could be the complainant givingit in person, via letter or email, through phone call, or through a GFP, anacknowledgement of receipt of the complaint has to be sent within twoworking days to the complainant. The complainant will be issued a uniquecomplaint tracking number for their and PCU’s record.
Step 2: Investigation
PCU will work to understand the cause of the grievance for which the PCUmay need to contact the complainant again and obtain details. The PCUwill be required to complete preliminary investigations within five workingdays of receiving the complaint and send a response to the complainantdocumenting the results of their investigations and what the PCU plans todo ahead.
Step 3: Resolution through PCU
Once the PCU have investigated a grievance, it will share with thecomplainant the proposed course of action to resolve the complaint, shouldPCU believe any to be necessary. If the complainant considers thegrievance to be satisfactorily resolved, the PCU will log the complaint asresolved in their records. In case the grievance remains unresolved it will
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be reassessed and GRC will have further dialogue with the complainant todiscuss if there are any further steps, which may be taken to reach amutually agreed resolution to the problem.
For minor grievances, Steps 1, 2 and 3 or Steps 2 and 3 can be merged.
Step 4: Resolution through GRC
In case the PCU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be referredto GRC. All complaints that could not be resolved within four weeks will bydefault be referred to GRC. However, the complainant or the PCU canconvene the GRC at any point in time, depending on the nature andurgency of the issue.
7.6.5 Operating Principles for PCU
The PCU will operate on the principles of transparency, approachability andaccountability. To achieve these, the PCU will be required to:
Be equipped to handle grievances in the local languages;
Be equipped to work through all possible modes of communication,such as, emails, surface mail and face-to-face meetings at projectsite or requiring visits;
Maintain a log of all grievances, with record of the date and time ofthe complaint logged and stakeholder information, such as, name,designation and contact details;
Provide opportunity to the stakeholder to revert with their commentson the proposed plan of action;
Keep the stakeholder informed of the progress in grievanceresolution;
Obtain stakeholder consent on the mechanism proposed to redressthe grievance and document consent; and,
Maintain confidentiality of the stakeholder, if requested so.
7.6.6 Stages of Grievances
Once a grievance is logged with the PCU, it could acquire the followingstages:
Stage 1: it is resolved by the PCU or if not PCU, by the GRC;
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Stage 2: If the stakeholders are still not satisfied, they can go through localjudicial proceedings.
7.6.7 Awareness
The stakeholders will be informed of the establishment of the PCU, GRCand GFPs through a short and intensive awareness campaign. Under theawareness campaign, the proponent will share:
Objective, function and the responsibilities of the PCU, GRC andGFPs;
Means of accessing the PCU and the mechanics of registering agrievance at the PCU,
GRC and GFPs;
Operating principles of the PCU, GRC and GFPs; and,
Contact details.
Additional awareness campaigns may be organized, if necessary
7.7 COMMUNITY CONCERNS
Project Approval
The community consultations demonstrated that goodwill towards theproject proponents indeed exists; approval for project activities by thecommunities was evident. The consultations were considered a goodgesture and appreciated, especially by the men and women. This projectwill provide employments to the local as well as non local poor communityin its construction as well as in operational stages.
Local Employment
Communities in the project area emphasized that local poor communityshould be given priority when employing people for various project-relatedworks and activities according to their skills.
Interaction with Local Community
Non-Local work force coming in the project area that will not be aware ofthe local customs and norms, may result in conflicts with the localcommunity, keeping in mind the sensitive law and order situation andculture of the area.
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Impact on Livelihood
The communities also expressed some fear that project construction woulddisturb their living because of noise and vibration of constructional woksand due to vehicular movement. Another concern of local community is theroad blockage and traffic problem in the surrounding areas of proposedproject sites during construction.
7.8 LOCAL GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES
The consultations were considered a good gesture and appreciated. Theyalso expressed the jobs and business opportunities for the local communitywill be increased due to project activities. They also expressed the concernthat most of the unskilled and skill jobs should be reserved for the localcommunities.
A View During the Public Consultation
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Consultation with the Local Community
Different Views During Consultation with the Local Community
Different Views During Consultation Process
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Consultation with the Local Community
Different Views During Consultation with the Local Community
Different Views During Consultation Process
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Consultation with the Local Community
Different Views During Consultation with the Local Community
Different Views During Consultation Process
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8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN & EVACUATION/EXIT PLAN
8.1 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
a. Policy:
It is the policy of project proponent to establish an EmergencyResponse Program and guidelines for the protection of plant people,equipment damage, environment and community.
b. Purpose:
The objective of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Systemis to:
1. Recognize and plan for appropriate responses to an emergency sothat the safety risks associated with the emergency may beprevented or mitigated.
2. Train and prepare individuals working inside the installation so thatthey can respond effectively in the following:
i) Potential Risk Assessment
ii) Fire detection and Alarm System
iii) System for Intervention and Actions to control any incident
iv) Emergency Evacuation Procedure / Drills in order to meet theemergency situations, like Bomb Threatening Message orTerror Act / Threat etc Emergency Response Plan at a Glance:
c. Incident Categories:
Category Title Definition & Effect Causing Incident
1 Minor Incident
Incident, which may
involves injury or damage
to plant controllable by
personnel on the spot
1. Small Fire,
2. Small Hydrocarbon Spill,
3. Process Leakage,
4. Small leakage of Hazardous
Chemicals,
5. Minor Gas release (Toxic or
Flammable)
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Category Title Definition & Effect Causing Incident
2Serious
Incident
Incident, which may
involves injury, damage or
serious damage to plant
beyond resources of
personnel on the spot and
controllable by Emergency
Response Team
1. Fire,
2. Small explosion with minor
knock on effects,
3. Serious Spill containable,
4. Gas Release but
controllable.
3 Major Incident
Incident involving injury,
death or major damage to
plant or environment
beyond resources of Site
Emergency Response
Team and external Aid
required.
1. Major Fire,
2. Major Explosion,
3. Major Spill,
4. Major Gas Release
5. Major or multiple injuries or
illness.
4 Disaster
Escalating incident
involving large-scale injury,
death or damage, beyond
the resources of External
and Internal Emergency
Services and threatening
civilian population.
1. Toxic Gas Cloud,
2. Flammable Gas Cloud,
3. Disastrous Fires and
Explosion
8.2 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLAN
a. Objective:
The purpose of this procedure is to facilitate and to organizeindividual’s actions during workplace emergencies and get workingpeople of power plant out of danger quickly and efficiently. A disorderlyevacuation under emergency condition can lead to confusion, injuryand property damage.
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b. Possible Situations:
A wide variety of emergencies both man-made and natural may requirea workplace to be evacuated. These emergencies include but are notlimited to fires, bomb threats, toxic material releases etc.
c. Responsibilities:
1. Observer or First on Scene
Activate alarm from local panel to inform CCR if it is notactivated or Inform CCR by radio, telephone 111or 222, bypaging system, then call. If cannot do all above, shout loudly toalert the colleagues.
Try to understand the type of emergency and communicate toCCR as detailed as possible.
Location, extent and type of Fire / Accident / Incident
If it is safe to fix the problem, try to fix it without putting anyoneat Risk.
When relieved by emergency response team, proceed toassembly area.
2. On Duty CRE
Respond to the alarm / call.
Arrange available emergency response team
Arrange fire tender to the scene
Arrange to sound emergency siren
Inform Doctor and arrange ambulance
Inform emergency team leader and fire chief.
Inform Safety and Security Team Leaders.
Inform to the security gates and Reception, and will request tostop the entrance of contractors/visitors. Also brief the securityfor Fire tender and ambulance and for plant entry sheets.
Start Ground activities.
Note: CRE will coordinate the ground activities till emergencyteam leader comes. If due to operational activities or manpowershortage it is difficult for CRE to go out, he will nominate anyarea engineer to coordinate the ground activities.
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3. Emergency Response Team
Proceed to scene of incident.
Select a leader and act under the instructions of leader till Firechief arrival.
Communicate on Radio.
Give necessary assistance e.g. Evacuation, first aid etc.
Report to Emergency Team Leader when incident is undercontrol.
4. Fire Chief
Communicate using the radio.
Appoint himself as External Aid Service Coordinator/ Mutual AidCoordinator.
Assist with the follow up services as required.
Do liaison with Incident Controller/ Emergency Main Controllerand provide any specific advice or technical expertise as may berequired.
Ensure 24 hrs coverage of the control center during anExtended Emergency.
5. Emergency Team Leader
Proceed to scene of incident.
Communicate by using radio.
Emergency Team Leader or his designee will announce thecategory of the incident if it is 1 or higher.
Appoint himself as Incident Controller.
Inform other team leaders and Plant Manager.
Guide Fire Chief for positioning Emergency Services / FireFighting.
Nominate a person for head count.
Coordinate Emergency response team.
Help in Search and Rescue.
Do identification of casualties.
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When Incident scene is in secure position, announceEMERGENCY OVER or “ALL CLEAR”.
Plant if previously shutdown due to emergency shall be startedas per standard procedure recommended by OEM.
Assist with investigation.
6. Plant Manager
Proceed to emergency control center (CCR or nominated controlcenter).
Communicate by using radio.
Declare himself as Emergency Main Controller.
Alert mutual aid partners.
Check call out response.
Support the on scene response.
Brief the security services.
Maintain regular contacts with all the team involved in controllingthe incident.
Liaise with local authorities.
After examining the emergency, he will declare the shift peopleevacuation.
When incident is secure, announce “ALL CLEAR”.
Commence investigation of the incident.
7. Doctor
Respond to call out.
Carry out specified task and report to assembly area.
8. All Site Personnel (Except shift people)
Make safe exit and report to assembly area
Assist as required.
If required, after head count, will be evacuated to safe place.
Note: People before leaving will make sure their work area is insafe condition and equipment they were using is in safe position.
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9. All people are responsible for the contractor people working in theirarea to guide them to the assembly area.
Theperson receiving visitors to the site will be responsible forthe visitor’s health and safety.
10. All shift personnel will report in CCR for head count. They willremain on duty to continue operation of plant or shut down activitiesas required unless main emergency controller (Plant Manager) asksthem to evacuate.
11. All Contractors: Contractor workers will be made aware ofEmergency Response Plan prior to commencing the work. Prior toleave the site they will ensure that their work area is in safeposition. On emergency call they will report in assembly area.
12. Roll Call at Assembly: To ensure that all personnel are accountedfor and searches mounted for any missing persons, a head countafter any evacuation, must be carried out.
13. Responsibility of Plant Security System:
Security Team Leader shall pass necessary information toSecurity Supervisor.
Security Supervisor or his designee will collect the plant entrysheets in case of emergency and submit at assembly area.
Small gate near admin building can be opened in case ofemergency. For this purpose key should be kept on reception.
Security Guards should not block the people, in case ofemergency exit fromthe plant.
Security Guards should not block the entrance of fire tenderand/or ambulance and its crew and the persons permitted by theIncident Controller having RED BADGE.
Information should be given to security gates about theemergency situation and ALL Clear announcement.
Security Guards should not leave the gate without thepermission of Security Team Leader or his designee.
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14. Annual Drill: An annual drill will be conducted to test theemergency program and its record will be kept with EmergencyResponse Team for at least one year.
8.2.1 Evacuation of Persons with Disabilities
After an evacuation call the disable people must be evacuated immediatelyand plant ERT team is responsible for whole coordination.The followingguidelines should be considered when assisting people with disabilitiesduring an evacuation. ERT team must be familiar with following guidelines;
FIRST, communicate the nature of the emergency to the person.
SECOND, ask the person how he would like to be assisted.
THIRD, evacuate mobility aids with the person, if possible (i.e.,crutches, wheelchairs).
VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS: Describe the nature of the emergency andoffer to guide him to the nearest emergency exit. Have the persontake your elbow and escort him, advising of any obstacles such asstairs, narrow passageways or overhanging objects. When you havereached safety, orient the person to where he is and ask if furtherassistance is needed.
HEARING IMPAIRMENTS: Some buildings are not equipped withflashing light alarms, and persons with impaired hearing may notperceive that an emergency exists. Communicate with the person bywriting a note or through simple hand gestures.
PERSONS USING WHEELCHAIRS: Ask the person what method ofassistance he prefers. Some people have minimal ability to move,and lifting them may be dangerous. Some people who usewheelchairs have respiratory complications and should beimmediately escorted out of buildings that contain irritating smoke orfumes. If the person wants to be moved in his wheelchair, keep thefollowing considerations in mind:
1. Ask if he wants to move forward or backward down stairs.
2. Wheelchairs have many movable or weak parts so while movingthe wheel chairs, a proper care must be taken. Some peoplehave no upper trunk or neck strength.
3. For a person using wheelchair may be moved throughAmbulance in emergency or in case of plant evacuation.
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8.2.2 Evacuation in Case of Adverse Weather Condition
A. In the event of an adverse weather emergency or flood emergencyon plant, the plant manager or CEO, or their designee, will initiatethe appropriate announcements concerning the emergency floodwarning or hurricane warning and the instructions for preparationand/or evacuation when and if necessary.
B. In the event of a major weather emergency or disaster, the Safetyteam leader will coordinate with the local or state authorities andplant people.
C. Any personnel who discovers an emergency weather condition orproblems like flood due to severe weather or facilities damage,should follow these procedures:
1. Stay out of the area. Do not enter until electrical power has beenturned off.
2. There is an extreme danger of electrical shock if the water hascontacted any electrical devices. Post people at all entrances tothe flooded area to prevent entry by unauthorized personnel.
3. ERT team personnel will be responsible for pumping water out ofthe area.
4. Identify a temporary shelter to house water-soaked materials.
8.2.3 Fire Response Program
a. Purpose:
To provide for safety against potential fires and minimize the risks ofdamage or injury to personnel or equipment in the event of a fire atproject facility.
b. Classifications of Fire:
FIRE CLASSIFICATION
FireClassification
Description
A
Solid combustible materials that are not metals like, Paper,wood, cloth, etc. where quenching by water or insulating bydry chemical is effective. (Class-A fires generally leave anAsh)
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B
Any non-metal in a liquid state, on fire. This classification alsoincludes flammable gases like, gasoline, oil, grease , acetoneetc (Class-B fires generally involve materials that Boil orBubble)
CLive electrical equipment where the non-conductivity ofextinguish ant is vital.
DMaterial used in laboratories like, potassium, sodium,aluminum, magnesium. It takes special extinguishing agents(Metal-X, foam) to fight such a fire.
c. Responsibilities
The responsibilities of observer or First on Scene, CRE, ERT, FireChief, Emergency Team Leader, Plant Manager, Doctor. Theresponsibilities of other areas are as follows,
1. Observer or First on Scene
See section 8.1(a) for Observer or First on Scene responsibilities.Other responsibilities are,
In case of Minor Fire:
Minor fire is one that can be extinguished with portableextinguisher.
Inform CCR.
Extinguish the fire by using suitable extinguisher.
In-case of Major Fire:
Major fire is one that cannot be extinguished with portableextinguishers alone.
Inform CCR.
Check Automatic fire system operated or not, if not operate it.
2. On Duty BOP Engineer
In case of fire he must arrange make up water for filteredwater basin.
Check the fire pumps performance.
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3. In case of HFO or HSD Tanks Fire
Foam Area Alarm will receive in CCR.
CRE will inform Area Engineer, Area Engineer will confirm theHeat detection Alarm for Fuel Tank and Smoke physically.Then intimate to CRE about Fire. With the consent of CRE,Area Engineer will pull the Pull Station either inside the foamshed fire panel or from near the tank. Area Engineer will thenconfirm the water/Foam flow towards the effected Fuel Tank.
Start water sprinkling through ground monitor, fire tender orfrom fire hoses, if required.
Note: Each fire breakout must be reported as per Incident /Accident Reporting Procedure before the end of shift.
4. HVAC:
Operation of the fire alarm in the buildings having HVAC systemautomatically shuts down the HVAC and ventilation fans, in orderto clear the smoke when the main fire outbreak is extinguished,the ventilation fans may be started. The switches of these fansMUST NOT ARE OPERATED except on the instructions of theIncident Controller or CRE.
Fire in Community:
Following sequence of events will be observed during anyemergency,
Inform CCR.
A small fire can be extinguished with the dry chemical Fireextinguisher available in houses.
Fire response team will handle the situation with Fire tender ifrequired.
Fire tender make up can be done from nearest Fire hydrants.
Orderly evacuation of the building.
Head count at designated assembly point.
Search and Rescue.
Identification of casualties.
Medical Care for injured.
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Security of building, prevent unauthorized entrance.
Note: The community fire water system has five (5) hydrantsstrategically located. These hydrants have approximately 30-PSIwater pressure.
8.3 FIRE / EMERGENCY SYSTEM INSPECTION, TESTING ANDMAINTENANCE PLAN
a. Purpose:
This document establishes the minimum requirements for the periodicinspection, testing, and maintenance of fire protection systems
b. Scope:
The purpose of this document is to ensure healthiness and to providerequirements that ensure a reasonable degree of protection for life andproperty from fire through minimum inspection, testing, andmaintenance methods for fire protection systems.
c. Fire System Testing and Preventive Maintenance Plan:
Item Activity Responsible Frequency
Sprinklers 1. Inspection for
corrosion, paint,
physical damage
2. Replace faulty one.
Maintenance Annually
1. Nozzle discharge
pattern and direction.
2. Automatic & Manual
system test.
3. Record the response
Time.
ERT,
OperationAnnually
Alarm Devices Inspection for physical
damage and calibration.I&E Annually
1. Testing the water flow
alarms
2. Pressure switches
I&E, ERT,
OperationQuarterly
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Item Activity Responsible Frequency
signals
Gauges
1. Calibration
I&E
5 yearly or
when
required
Strainers,
FiltersInspection & Cleaning Maintenance Annually
Monitor
Nozzles
Lubrication Maintenance Annually
TestERT,
OperationMonthly
Fire Hoses TestERT,
OperationMonthly
HydrantsTest
ERT,
OperationAnnually
Lubrication Maintenance Annually
Fire Pump Auto Cut In Test for 30
minutes.Operation Weekly
Preventive Maintenance Maintenance
Foam System 1. Foam Sample
2. Foam Concentration
Testing
3. System Testing
4. Manual Actuation
devices Test
ERT,
Operation
Annually
Annually
Quarterly
Annually
Deluge Valves
Full Flow TestERT,
Operation
Annually but
not exceed
from 3 years.
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Item Activity Responsible Frequency
Preventive Maintenance Maintenance Annually
Foam
Chambers at
Fuel oil Tanks
Cleaning Maintenance Annually
ValvesLubrication of outside
screw and Yoke.Maintenance Annually
Check Valves Internal Inspection Maintenance 5 yearly
Heat & Smoke
detectorsPreventive Maintenance I&E Annually
Cl2 leak
detectorsPM and Testing I&E Annually
CO2 cylinders
for CCRWeight & Inspection
ERT,
Operations
Annually
Fire
Protection
System Log
Readings as per standard
sheet (attached)Operation Quarterly
Pull Stations Preventive Maintenance I&E Annually
d. Fire / Emergency System Audits and Follow up:
Item Activity Responsible Frequency
Fire
Extinguishers
Inspection & Follow up Safety CommitteeMonthly
Fire Cabinets Inspection & Follow up Safety Committee Monthly
Emergency Inspection Safety Committee Monthly
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Item Activity Responsible Frequency
Shower/ Eye
wash
Exit Light Inspection Safety Committee Monthly
SCBA Inspection & Follow up ERT Monthly
Plant Paging
System
Audit, Inspection &
Follow up.ERT Monthly
Fire Alarm
Panels
Audit and Follow up for
any standing AlarmERT Monthly
Fire Tender Check List & Maintaining ERT Weekly
Fire House Stock
for Fire
Extinguishers
and SCBA
Check List and
MaintainingERT
Monthly or
when
required.
Exit Light Audit Inspection Safety Committee Monthly
Cl2 Cylinder
Repair kitInspection ERT Monthly
8.4 CHEMICAL SPILL / RELEASE RESPONSE PROGRAM
a) Purpose:
Although every effort is made at site to prevent spills of potentiallyhazardous chemicals or fuels in the workplace, accidents resultingfrom the release of chemicals can occur. This procedure is providedto mitigate the effects of spills of potentially hazardous chemicals inworkplace.
b) Minor Spill:
A spill of solid or liquid materials which involves the release of atype or quantity of a chemical which does not pose an immediate
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risk to health and does not involve chemical contamination to thebody
c) Major Spill / Release:
A spill of solid or liquid materials which involves:
Release of a type or quantity of a chemical that poses an immediaterisk to health
An uncontrolled fire or explosion
d) Major Spill Release:
Heavy Chlorine Leak
A major Oil leak where there is a contamination of the drains oroutbreak of fire or explosion.
A Hazardous Chemical Leak that is thought to be a hazard topersonnel.
e) Response Program:
1. In case of Minor Oil Leakage or Hazardous Material:
Inform CCR.
Locate the source of the spill, and stop the spill.
Close secondary containment drain valve.
Remove ignition sources and unplug nearby electricalequipment.
Establish exhaust ventilation. Vent vapours to outside ofbuilding.
Choose appropriate PPE (goggles, face shields, gloves,clothing, etc).
Make arrangement to collect or dispose off the spilledhazardous substance safely and properly as per procedurecontained in section-16 “Hazardous Substances HandlingProcedure”.
In case of Major Fire, follow “Fire Response Program” along with“ Emergency Evacuation Plan”
2. In case of Major Oil Leakage or Hazardous Material:
Inform CCR
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CRE will inform to other plant people and worker in shift
Isolate the area
Close secondary containment drain valve
Remove ignition sources and unplug nearby electricalequipment
Establish Exhaust vapour source, if possible
Choose appropriate PPE
Make arrangement to collect or dispose off the spilledhazardous substance safely and properly as per procedurecontained in section-16 “Hazardous Substances HandlingProcedure”.
3. Spills involving Injured People:
If a spill involves personal injury, follow the procedures appropriateto the type of spill above and, concurrently;
Move the victim from the immediate area of the spill (if this canbe done without further injury to the victim or emergencyresponse people).
Locate the nearest emergency eyewash or safety shower.
Remove any contaminated clothing from the victim and flush allareas of the body contacted by chemicals with high volumes ofwater for at least 15 minutes.
4. In case of Chlorine Gas release
A leak on a Chlorine cylinder would require a kit designed for thispurpose. The team will have to be trained in its use and practiceoccasionally to be proficient with this equipment. If the cylinder has aliquid leak the leak can be rolled up to minimize the cloud escaping.Depending on wind conditions, a shelter in place may have to becalled for the community until the cylinder has depressurised.
The team should wear the SPPE if an attempt is made to apply thecylinder kit. If the decision to lessen the cloud with water fog sprays,the spray must be put on the gas cloud, NOT on the cylinder ordirectly on the leak.
Following sequence of event will be observed during anyemergency,
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Inform CCR.
CRE will inform to Emergency Response Team, other plantpeople and LalPir people in shift.
In case of leakage in Chlorine cylinder room, open fire watersprinklers.
Fire response team will fix the problem by using Cl2 leak fixingkit available in Cl2 rooms of both units.
Incident Controller will announce if evacuation is required.(Follow Emergency Evacuation Plan)
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9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The project embarks upon the installation of 60 MW (Gross) cogenerationBagasse based power project. On the basis of this EIA Report it isconcluded that:
1- There are no sensitive elements/segments of environment around theproject site.
2- The project has inbuilt efficient, state of the art and reliablemechanisms to control all type of pollutants like PM, gaseousemissions and noise in compliance levels well within the SEQS limitsof the Pakistan.
3- The project shall not increase the load on the ground water table asthe existing water resources will be utilized for the new project activity.
4- EMP and EMtP as recommended in this EIA Report are to be put inplace during the entire operation of the project.
5- Quarterly monitoring of all out environmental pollution sources by athird party also certifies that the project will run in accordance withlegal requirements.
6- The regular environmental monitoring for the existing plant ensuresthe environmental soundness of the project.
7- The use of bagasse as main fuel for the operation of the power plantwill displace fossil-fuel based electricity generation.
8- EMP and EMtP, as recommended in this EIA Report, are to beimplemented during construction and operation phases. This willmanage all type of pollutants.
9- The proposed power plant will improve the economic status of theregion and also contribute significantly to the overall economic growthof the country, when due to acute shortage of electric power longdrawn out load shedding are salient feature across the entire country.This state of affairs is resulting in huge economic loss to the nationalexchequer in the form of taxes and duties and drastic decrease inIndustrial Productivity resulting in cut of the foreign exchangeearnings, joblessness especially among the workers and relatedsocio-economic issues.
Under the light of detailed discussions in EIA Study about likely impacts ofthe proposed project intervention, it can be safely concluded that the
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proposed Project would not cause any significant adverse impacts forwhich detailed EIA is required. On the basis of the facts summarized asabove, the project merits for issuing No Objection Certificate/EnvironmentalApproval by the Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Sindh.
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REFERENCES
Listed below are some of the documents, reports and other referencesconsulted during the preparation of this report:
a. Information and data provided by project proponents;
b. Project Pre-feasibility Study Report;
c. Technical Design Data related to the project.
d. Information gathered through discussions with the project related personsof the project proponent;
e. Discussion with concerned government officials;
f. Information collected from the Technical documents of various suppliers ofmachinery/equipment.
g. Guidelines for Self- Monitoring and Reporting by the Industry (SMART),”Final Report, March 1998, approved by Pakistan Environmental ProtectionCouncil (PEPC), August 1999;
h. National Environment Quality Standards for Municipal and Liquid IndustrialEffluents, Statutory Notification (S.R.O.), Government of Pakistan, Ministryof Environment, Local Government and Rural Development, S.R.O.549(1)/2000, Islamabad, the 8th August 2000;
i. National Environment Quality Standards for Ambient Air November 2010;
j. National Environment Quality Standards Noise Levels November 2010;
k. National Environment Quality Standards for Drinking Water November2010:
l. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997;
m. The Sindh Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act 2014 coversaspects related to:
the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of theenvironment and the prevention, control of pollution and promotion ofsustainable development;
establishing complete regulatory and monitoring bodies, policies, rules,regulations and national environmental quality standards; and
a. Land Use Policies and Environmental Legal Framework including;
b. Environment related Laws in Pakistan and the Province of Sindh;
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c. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, Environment and UrbanAffairs’ Division (presently- Ministry of Environment, Urban Affairs and WildLife), Government of Pakistan, Islamabad;
d. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th
Edition, 1995, Prepared and published jointly by: American Public HealthAssociation, American Water Works Association, Water EnvironmentFederation; Publication office: American Public Health Association, 1015Fifteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 2005;
e. Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Policyand Procedures for Filing, Review and Approval of EnvironmentalAssessment, 2000;
f. The Canal and Drainage Act, 1873;
g. Environmental Assessment Requirements and Environmental ReviewProcedures of the Asian Development Bank, 1993;
h. Google Earth, Maps.
i. Guidelines for Public Consultations - These guidelines cover:
Consultation, involvement and participation of Stakeholders
Techniques for public consultation (principles, levels of involvements,tools, building trust)
Effective public consultation (planning, stages of EIA whereconsultation is appropriate)
Consensus building and dispute resolution.
j. Factories Act, 1934;
k. Applicable International Environmental and Occupational Safety and HealthLaws and Regulations;
l. Applicable International Environmental and Occupational Safety and HealthLaws and Regulations;
m. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, The World Bank, 1998;
n. International Finance Corporation’s Policy on Energy and SocialSustainability, January 1, 2012;
o. National Resettlement Policy (Draft), Government of Pakistan, March 2002.
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TERM OF REFERENCES
1. The Consultant is required to carry out an Environment Assessment Study of
the Project as required under section 17 of Sindh Environmental Protection
Act 2014.
2. The Study should be comprehensive and should cover all aspects which are
envisaged under the relevant national and provincials laws & regulations
including but not limited to:
Identification and recommendation for suitable solution/treatment/mitigation
measures of emissions and effluents such as waste water and sludge etc in
accordance with Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS).
Identification and recommendation for suitable solution/treatment/mitigation
measures of solvents, oils (tar), hazardous waste, organic compounds, steam,
flue gases, particulate matter and chemical compounds harmful for the
environment and other substances leading to air, noise, water and soil
pollution in accordance with NEQS/SEQS.
3. The Study should be acceptable to the relevant national and/or provincial
authorities (relevant authorities) in Sindh.
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GLOSSARY
Air Quality Measurement of the pollutants in the air; a description of
healthiness and safety of the atmosphere.
Compensation Includes cash payment, deferred payment, a bond, an
insurance policy, stipend, payment in kind, rendition of services,
grant of privileges and disturbance money, entitlement to
special treatment by government and semi government entities,
grant of alternative land, grant of import licenses and business,
trade and commercial facilities in addition to the rehabilitation
and resettlement of an affected person.
Consultation Consultation refers to two-way transfer of information or joint
discussion between project staff and the affected population.
Systematic consultation implies a sustained and rigorous
sharing of ideas. Bank experience shows that consultation often
yields the best resettlement alternatives, fruitful procedures for
continued participation, and independent information on actual
conditions for implementation.
CoordinatesContaminate
Each of a group of numbers used to indicate the position of a
point, line, or plane to make impure, pollute
Disclosure The action of making new or secret information known
Environmental
Management
Attempt to control human impact on and interaction with the
environment in order to preserve natural resources
Evaluation The making of a judgment about the amount, number, or value
of something; assessment.
Geology A science that studies rocks, layers of soil, etc., in order to learn
about the history of the Earth and its life
Ground Water Aquifers currently being used as a source of drinking water or
those capable of supplying a public water system. They have a
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total dissolved solid content of 10,000 milligrams per liter or
less, and are not "exempted aquifers."
Hazardous Substance or material, which could adversely affect the safety
of the public, handlers or carriers during transportation
Household People residing under one roof, using the same hearth and
operating as a single economic unit.
Impact Effect on someone or something
LandAcquisition
The process whereby a person is compelled by a public agency
to cede all or part of the land a person owns or possesses, to
the ownership and possession of that agency, for public
purpose in return for compensation.
Mitigation The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness
of something
OccupationalHealth
Maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing
departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of
work to people, and people to their jobs
Project Area The area specified by the funding and/or implementing agency
according to the Official Gazette Notification and includes the
areas within the administrative limits of the Federal or a
Provincial Government.
Proponent A person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action.
Rehabilitation Include all compensatory measures to re-establish; at least lost
incomes, livelihoods, living and social systems. It does not
include the payment of compensation for required assets.
Resettlement Means all measures taken to mitigate any and all adverse
impacts, resulting due to execution of a project on the livelihood
of the project affected persons, their property, and includes
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compensation, relocation and rehabilitation.
Social
Environment
It includes the culture that the individual was educated or lives
in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact.
Scope The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals
with or to which it is relevant
Stakeholders Include affected persons and communities, proponents, private
and public businesses, NGOs, host communities and EPA.
Topography Details of the surface features of land. It includes the
mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a
particular hunk of earth.