ranking buildings and mining the web for popular architectural patterns
TRANSCRIPT
Ranking Buildings and Mining the Web for Popular Architectural
Patterns
Ujwal Gadiraju, Stefan Dietze and Ernesto Diaz-Aviles
Oxford, 29th June 2015
Outline
● Motivation
● Background
● Methodology
● Results
● Conclusions
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Camillo Sitte
Main works are “an aesthetic criticism” of 19th century
urbanism. The whole is much more than the
sum of it’s parts.
“City Planning according to artistic principles.” 3
Form follows function VS Ornamentalism
Louis Sullivan
Father of Modernism. Father of Skyscrapers.
“That life is recognizable in its expression,
That form ever follows function. This is the law.”
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Built Environment
Space SyntaxIMPLICATIONS
● Urban planning● Impact of an architectural structure● Identify needs for restructuring,
adequate maintenance and trigger retrofit scenarios
● Predict impact of building projects
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What do people think about buildings?
● (On the way)/(at) home, work, play.● Buildings invoke feelings [1,2].
● Research has established that buildings shape the built environment.
● Built environment influences various aspects within a community.
[1]. Brain electrical responses to high-and low-ranking buildings. Oppenheim et al. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 2009.
[2]. Hippocampal contributions to the processing of architectural ranking. Oppenheim et al. NeuroImage, 2010.
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Surveying Experts to establish Influential Factors Building Types
- Skyscrapers
- Bridges
- Churches
- Halls
- Airports
Emerging factors :
● Historic importance
● Effect on/of the surroundings/built environment
● Materials used
● Size of the building/structure
● Personal experiences
● Level of Details
Emerging factors :- Ease of access to airport- Efficiency of movement/processing inside airport- General design & Appearance
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Crowdsourcing Ground Truth
● 5-point Likert Scale (Strongly Dislike - Strongly
Like)● Gold Standards and precautions to
detect and curtail malicious workers or bots [1].
● Images presented with same resolution and dimensions [2].
● Avoid bias by using images from Wikimedia Commons.
● 18,500 trusted responses from 7,396 workers.[1]. Understanding Malicious Behavior on Crowdsourcing Platforms - The Case of Online Surveys.
Ujwal Gadiraju, Ricardo Kawase, Stefan Dietze and Gianluca Demartini. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2015.[2]. "Size does matter: how image size affects aesthetic perception?." Chu, Wei-Ta, Yu-Kuang Chen, and Kuan-Ta Chen. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Multimedia. ACM, 2013.
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Emerging Influential Factors
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Processing Pipeline for Automated Ranking of Buildings
Crowdsourcing
Web Mining
● News Articles and Blogs
● Tweets
● Meta-data from flickr images (title, description, tags favorites, comments)
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Automated Ranking-Workflow
DatasetCharacteristics
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Models for Ranking Buildings
● Based on perception-related metadata from relevant Flickr images.
● Sentic feature vectors using EmoLex.● RankSVM to learn model(s).● Feature selection for construction of different
models.● Best performing model : Weighted Model
(weighted combination of feature vectors according to influential factors)
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Properties
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Influential Factors
Ground Truth (Crowdsourcing)
Ranking Models
Ranked List
CORRELATE
Well-perceived patterns for Architectural Structures
top-k
DBpedia properties corresponding to Influential Factors
Caveat :
● Coverage of DBpedia properties corresponding to influential factors is limited
SIZE
dbpedia-owl: runwayLengt
h
dbpedia-owl: Length
dbprop: architectureSty
ledbprop:
seatingCapacity
dbpedia: floorCount
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Consolidation of Patterns
CHURCHES: Best-perceived Architectural Styles
● Gothic Revival● Romanesque● Gothic
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Consolidation of Patterns
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Conclusions & Future Work
● Functionalism vs Ornamentalism?● Correlating building rankings with
structured data from the Web can help us to establish popular architectural patterns.
● Building type-specific methods are important.
● Multidimensional architectural patterns through regression of influential factors.
● Using Web Data (both social and structured) in order to fill in the missing gaps.
For example, buildings with x size, y
uniqueness, z materials used, … are best perceived. 17
Summary
● Identified Influential Factors for different building types
● Ground truth construction via Crowdsourcing
● Models for ranking buildings automatically
● Correlated influential factors with structured data from DBpedia
Well-perceived patterns for Architectural Structures
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Influential Factors for Airports
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America’s Favorite Architecture: AIA 150
● 2006-2007 AIA organized a study, carried out by Harris Initiative
● In the first phase : 2,448 AIA members interviewed
● In the second phase: Survey of general public (2,214 people)
● Criticism : o List of favorites did not reflect judgments of
architectural experts o AIA President said, “Rankings reflected
people’s emotional connections to buildings”.
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Popularity vs Perception
● POPULARITY : The state of being liked, admired or being supported by many people.
E.g. Do you KNOW this building?
● PERCEPTION : The way in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted.
E.g. Do you LIKE this building?
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Plutchik’s Psychoevolutionary Theory of Emotion
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