rapid assessment and remediation of a refined product ......58 groundwater data points for tph/btex...
TRANSCRIPT
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Rapid Assessment and Remediation of a Refined Product Release to Soil and
Groundwater (Port Arthur, Texas)
Arun Neupane
Edward W. James, P.G.
Dan Schneider, P.E.
Terracon Consultants, Inc.
Houston, Texas
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Presentation Outline
Assessment of
Groundwater
2Soil
Assessment &
Remediation
1 3Groundwater
Remediation
(ISCO)
❑ Measures taken to remediate soil and
groundwater at a site following a pipeline
release.
(ongoing)
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The Release Incident
Source of
Release
(Block Valve) Major surface flow
Minor surface flow
❑ Gasoline and diesel-range hydrocarbons release
discovered.
❑ Spill response/spill contained.
❑ Source identified as the block valve.
❑ Cleanup and assessment activities initiated.
Contaminants of Concern (COCs):
TPH, BTEX
Driver for risk assessment/evaluation:
Benzene
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❑ 53 DPT borings (8-10 ft) for
preliminary evaluation of lateral
and vertical extent of impacted
soil. Groundwater at ~12 feet
bgs.
❑ PID used for screening soil
cores. No analytical testing.
❑ Helped establish areas and
depths of soil requiring
excavation.
Direct-Push
Technology (DPT)
Soil Assessment & Remediation
Photoionization
Detector (PID)
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❑ Excavation & confirmation samples collected
to ensure adequate mass removal:
► 102 excavation sidewall samples.
► 61 excavation base samples.
► regulatory samples ultimately submitted
to make the case for soil closure.
Soil Assessment & Remediation
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Soil Assessment & Remediation
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Before Excavation/Confirmation Sampling
Soil Assessment & Remediation
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After Mass Removal and Disposal of 34K Tons of Impacted Soil
Soil Assessment & Remediation
102 Sidewall Samples
61 Base Samples
SOURCE FOR GROUDWATER IMPACT LARGELY REMOVED
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Soil Assessment & Remediation
❑ Residual concentrations remained at the base: TPH-G up to 1,400 ppm, Benzene up to 1.8 ppm.
❑ Further excavation limited, to maintain pipeline integrity.
Residual
Concentrations
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Soil Assessment & Remediation-Soil Treatment
❑ Base of the excavation treated with RegenOx® & ORC
Advanced®.
❑ Excavation backfilled with
select fill and compacted.
❑ Treated areas re-sampled
after application to evaluate
effectiveness.
Chemical Oxidation
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Soil Assessment & Remediation
Response Action Completion
Report (RACR) for Soil Submitted to
Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment
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TCEQ concurs
soil remediation
is completed
Regulatory Milestone
Groundwater
Assessment
2Soil
Assessment &
Remediation
1 3Groundwater
Remediation
(ISCO)
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Rapid Assessment of Aerial Extent of GW Impact
HydropunchTM
Mobile GC Lab
Source: Edge, Russel
W. and Cordry,
Kent(1989)
ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY SERVICE, INC
• Stainless steel screen retracts at discrete depths
• FAST!
TOOLS
• Stationed in Field (Van)• Total TPH (Detection Limit 0.10
mg/L)• BTEX (Detection Limit: 2ppb)• ~40 mins per sample
• Sub-meter accuracy
• Integrated with a GIS Map
GPS
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Rapid Assessment of Aerial Extent of GW Impact
❑ 25-foot grid loaded in the Trimble unit.
❑ Labelled grids helped direct fieldwork from office/share progress with client.
❑ 58 HydropunchTM
borings in three days.
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❑ 58 groundwater data points for TPH/BTEX
Sample ID Sample Date B T E X Total TPH Exceed PCL
0.005 1 0.7 10 0.98
T-25 11/6/2014 0.003 0.0174 0.0046 0.0068 0.02 No
T-36 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-37 11/4/2014 0.0476 0.286 0.0334 0.13 0.59 Yes
T-38 11/6/2014 - - - - - No
T-48 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-51s 11/6/2014 - - - - - No
T-52 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
T-59S 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-60E 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-62 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-63se 11/6/2014 2.92 8.39 0.555 2.11 15.4 Yes
T-72 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-73 11/5/2014 2.979 4.74 1.2 3.25 14.6 Yes
T-74 11/6/2014 0.0025 0.0196 0.0066 0.0184 0.01 No
T-75 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
T-79 11/6/2014 0.0373 0.249 0.075 0.255 0.74 Yes
T-81 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
T-86 11/6/2014 0.908 1.73 0.28 0.699 0.91 Yes
T-90 11/6/2014 0.578 2.9 0.206 0.714 4.8 Yes
T-93 11/6/2014 - - - - - No
T-96 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
T-99 11/6/2014 - - - - - No
T-102 11/5/2014 6.02 8.94 0.616 1.82 22.1 Yes
T-106 11/6/2014 0.531 2.69 0.485 1.77 6 Yes
T-107 11/6/2014 - - - - - No
T-114 11/6/2014 0.353 0.0316 0.0385 0.0257 0.02 Yes
T-115 11/6/2014 4.84 8.37 4.83 1.7 23.7 Yes
T-120 11/6/2014 - - - - - No
121S 11/5/2014 0.0037 0.0071 0.0038 0.0065 0.03 No
127 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-128s 11/6/2014 0.0422 0.186 0.135 0.293 0.82 Yes
133-S 11/5/2014 0.019 0.148 0.0352 0.112 0.38 Yes
T-137 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
140 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
143-S 11/5/2014 2.515 6.035 1.375 4.155 17 Yes
T-145 11/5/2014 0.622 2.145 0.348 1.148 5.1 Yes
T-147 11/6/2014 - - - - - No
T-148 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
154 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-155 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-158 11/5/2014 1.125 2.995 0.563 1.65 7.6 Yes
T-159 11/6/2014 - - - - - No
T-168 11/5/2014 - - - - - No
T-169 11/6/2014 1.05 1.36 0.177 0.39 3.6 Yes
T-170 11/5/2014 2.535 4.1 0.24 0.67 8.3 Yes
T-172 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
T-182 11/6/2014 1.58 3.43 0.305 0.969 7.5 Yes
T-184 11/6/2014 0.0021 0.0472 0.0094 0.0264 0.03 No
T-194 11/5/2014 0.003 0.007 - 0.0064 0.01 No
T-196S 11/5/2014 1.76 3 0.338 1.17 6.9 Yes
T-197s 11/6/2014 0.304 0.369 0.0371 0.0914 0.88 Yes
T-208 11/6/2014 0.687 1.385 0.165 0.662 3.2 Yes
T-210 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
T-217 11/5/2014 0.0041 0.0069 - 0.006 0.01 No
T-228 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
T-230 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
T-231 11/4/2014 - - - - - No
Rapid Assessment of Aerial Extent of GW Impact
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❑ Determined the rough extent of affected groundwater using the 58 HydropunchTM
borings.
❑ Completed in three days!
Rapid Assessment of Aerial Extent of GW Impact
Benzene Concentration (mg/L)
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❑ Installed 25 monitoring wells to complete groundwater investigation in accordance with the Texas Risk Reduction Program (TRRP.)
❑ Affected Property Assessment Report (APAR) submitted to the TCEQ.
Rapid Assessment of Aerial Extent of GW ImpactBenzene Concentrations (mg/L)
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TCEQ concurrence
on completion of
groundwater
assessment
Regulatory Milestone
Rapid
Assessment of
Groundwater
2Soil
Assessment &
Remediation
1 3Groundwater
Remediation
(ISCO)
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Groundwater Remediation: Target Contaminants
❑ TPH-G up to 52 mg/L. Benzene up to 8.5 mg/L
in source area.
❑ Groundwater flow towards the northeast: off-
site impact concerns. Monitoring events
indicted plume was stable but not decreasing.
❑ Based on high concentrations in groundwater,
In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) was the
preferred remedy option.
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Groundwater Remediation: Choice of Oxidant
❑ Sodium Persulfate (Na2S2O8)
❑ High solubility (73%)→can be
delivered to subsurface at high
concentrations.
❑ Denser than H2O→amenable to
gravity-driven delivery.
❑ Persists for weeks.
❑ Strong oxidizer when activated
✓ Choice of Activator: NaOH
S 2O82- + 2e- → SO4
2- + SO4-
Radical Oxidation (with activator)-Fast
Sulfate Radical
From Suthersan (2017)
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Groundwater Remediation: Bench-Scale Test
❑ Why bench-scale prior to field-scale?
1. Basic feasibility of the oxidant (does it work?)
2. Oxidant scavenging (how much is lost to non-
target demands of organic matter, soil matrix
etc.)-helps with dosing.
3. Optimal mix of oxidant/activator that is cost
effective.
❑ Saturated soil and groundwater submitted to
MECx lab in Houston.
❑ Test run for ~21 days by MECx.
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25% NaOH (ml) Na2S2O8 (g)
C1 0 0
R1 16.9 27.7
R2 18.8 55.3
R2CP 18.8 55.3
R3 20.6 110.6
$$Cheap
$$$$Costly
❑ Formulation: (between R3 and R1).
❑ Dose:75 gal NaOH, 530 pounds Na2S2O8 per injection well.
(~1-2 %)
Just Right
Groundwater Remediation: Bench-Scale Test
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Groundwater Remediation: Pilot Test
❑ Why field scale before full-
scale?o Can reagents be delivered?
easily to the target formation?
o What’s the radius of influence
(ROI)?
o Helps design full-scale
Pilot Test Area
Benzene Concentrations
(mg/L)
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Groundwater Remediation: ISCO Pilot Test
❑ Results/Lessons from the Pilot Test:
1. 83% reduction in total contaminant mass
(free+sorbed+dissolved phases) [based on pre-
and post-pilot sample comparison of in-situ
saturated soil and groundwater].
2. Radius of Influence (ROI) 10 feet.
3. Desired extraction rate (1 gpm) could not be
achieved. Full-scale ISCO was planned
accordingly, with arrangements for make-up
water for injection.
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Groundwater Remediation: Pilot Test
Injection Well
Extraction Well
❑ Injection-Recirculation delivery system:
✓ Maintains hydraulic control.
✓ No mounding (reduced surfacing of reagents)
✓ Better delivery/contact.
Pilot Test Setup (four well cluster)
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Groundwater Remediation: Full Scale ISCO Design
❑ Three (3) Target Areas.
❑ Thirty-one (31) Injection
Wells.
❑ Thirteen (13) Extraction
Wells.
❑ No injection pressure
applied. (injecting under
compacted fill)
16800 sf
1950 sf
2525 sf
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Groundwater Remediation: Full-Scale ISCO
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Groundwater Remediation: ISCO Full-Scale
Dissolved Phase Benzene
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Groundwater Remediation: Full Scale ISCO
Post Full-
Scale ISCO
Dissolved Phase Benzene
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Groundwater Remediation:Full Scale ISCO
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jan-15 Apr-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19
BENZENE CONCENTRATIONS IN CRITICAL WELLS (mg /L)
MW-22
MW-23
MW-25
MW-24
MW-20
MW-21
MW-10
MW-9
Full
-Sca
le IS
CO
Pil
ot
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Groundwater Remediation: Full Scale ISCO
0
10
20
30
40
50
Jan-15 Apr-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19
TPH (C6-C12) CONCENTRATIONS IN CRITICAL WELLS (mg /L)
MW-22
MW-25
MW-23
MW-24
MW-20
MW-21
MW-10
MW-9
Full
-Sca
le IS
CO
Pil
ot
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TCEQ approval of
Response Action
Effectiveness Report
(RAER)
Regulatory Milestone
Rapid
Assessment of
Groundwater
2Soil
Assessment &
Remediation
1 3Groundwater
Remediation
(ISCO)
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Groundwater Summary
❑ Natural attenuation via natural source zone depletion (NSZD) and/or enhanced biostimulation/bioaugmentation to address remaining concentrations.
Groundwater Remediation: Next Steps
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