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© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

Rapid High Resolution Site Characterization Using Direct Sensing Technologies

An advanced global approach for site investigation and remediation to

reduce the risk, cost, and uncertainty at contaminated properties

John Sohl COLUMBIA Technologies (888) 344-2704 ext. 201

[email protected] www.columbiatechnologies.com

High Resolution Mapping of Underground Pollution



Company History

• Veteran-Owned Small Business (VOSB)

• Founded in 1999

• Headquartered in Baltimore, MD

• Supported 1,000 direct sensing projects

• 45 out of 50 states including Hawaii

• Diverse client base

• 13 years of working in the environmental

services industry with direct sensing tools

• A strong health and safety focus as we’ve

encountered Zero Lost Work Days

© 2012 COLUMBIA Technologies. 2


U.S. Industry Resources

American Petroleum

Institute (API)


American Society for

Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Association for Environmental

Health and Sciences (AEHS)

Contaminated Site Clean-Up

Information (CLU-IN)

Interstate Technology

Regulatory Council (ITRC)

National Ground Water Association (NGWA)

United States Environmental

Protection Agency (USEPA)

Sustainable Remediation

Forum (SURF)


International Footprint


www.columbiatechnologies.br.com

www.columbiatechnologies.com

www.columbiatechnologies.co

www.columbiatechnologies.mx


Multiple systems moving

from project to

project

“On-Call” Service in North America

linked via SmartData Network

gies. © 2012 COLUMBIA Technologies.

Our Business Approach

© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies. © 2012 COLUMBIA Technologies.

SmartData Solutions® Provides:

• Real Time Information

• Secure Cloud Platform

• Quality Assurance

• Collaboration

• Data Gap Analysis

• Global Reach

6


Customer Profile

Military / Space • Boeing • Lockheed Martin • Northrop Grumman • Honeywell • NASA

Industrial / Power • General Electric • Siemens • Emerson Electric • Otis Elevator

Auto / Transport • General Motors • Caterpillar • Ford • CSX • Behr • Norfolk Southern • Burlington Northern

Petro / Chemical • DuPont Global • DOW • Rohm & Haas • FMC • ExxonMobil • Chevron • BP

Defense • Navy Facilities

Engineering • U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers • Air Force Center for

Environmental Excellence

• Air National Guard

Tier One Site Owners benefit tremendously from SmartData Solutions®

12

26

40

8

7

9

DoD Petroleum Industrial Federal Real Estate State/Local

Site Owners by Industry, 2010

7 © 2012 COLUMBIA Technologies.


COLUMBIA Supported Projects

(IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MI, MN, MO, NE, ND, OH, SD and WI)



COLUMBIA Supported Indiana Projects

• Lafayette, IN – LIF (September 2012) – IWM Consulting Group • Evansville, IN – MIP (April 2012) – Acuity Environmental • Anderson, IN – LIF (April 2012) – IWM Consulting Group • Terra Haute, IN – MIP (March 2011) – Specialty Earth Sciences • Indianapolis, IN – MIP (August 2010) – IWM Consulting Group • Hagerstown, IN – MIP (July 2010) – AECOM • Angola, IN – MIP (May 2010) – TRC (RMT) • Kokomo, IN – MIP (March 2010) – CH2M HILL • Syracuse, IN – MIP (July 2008) – TRC (RMT) • Princeton, IN – MIP (November 2007) – Stantec (Secor Intl.) • Bloomington, IN – MIP (February 2005) – EnSafe



COLUMBIA Supported Indiana Projects



Our 3 Core Principles

Three basic assumptions or principles we have in mind when deploying high resolution direct sensing tools with as near real time decision-making information:

1. The consumer of our services is firmly motivated in knowing the size, shape, and type of contaminant mass and soil structure.

2. They believe better information will reduce the uncertainty, risk, and the cost of gaining that knowledge, and

3. They believe that being approximately correct with a huge data set is far better than being precisely wrong with a limited data set.



SmartData Solutions®

Pro Services

Advanced Hi-Res 3D Sensors

Real-Time Analytics


FAST HIGH RESOLUTION DATA

© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies. 13 © 2012 COLUMBIA Technologies.

U.S. industry spends over $1 BILLION each day assessing,

remediation, and making decisions on information that is incomplete, inaccurate, and too

late.


80% of the errors, waste, and

resources is spent on the wrong and insufficient samples.


Why?


Cycle Time = Years

Traditional Methods Office Repeat

Repeat

Data

Gaps Reports Map Sample Drill

Data

Gaps Reports Map

Data

Evaluation Lab Sample Drill

Reports Map Data

Evaluation Lab Sample Drill

Data

Evaluation Lab

Fieldwork

Remobilization

Remobilization Repeat

Data

Gaps



Why High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)?

3-10x return on cleanup and closure

cost through HRSC

Remember – it’s better to be approximately correct than precisely wrong about your data and your site.


Integration of Multiple Hi Res Tools


1. Isolate and Refine the

Source Area

2. D

eter

min

e

zo

nes

of

pe

rmea

bili

ty

3. Sample to confirm mass and

contaminant ID


High Resolution Vertical Profiling Systems

Method Target Data MIP (Membrane Interface Probe) Volatile Organic Compounds

(Dissolved phase petroleum and/or Solvents > 100 ug/L)

LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) LNAPL/Residual phase petroleum Light (gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, etc.)

HPT (Hydraulic Profiling Tool) Soil hydraulics (pore pressure, soil permeability)

EC (Electrical Conductivity) Soil characteristic

Discrete Groundwater Profiling Short, discrete screen interval (0.2 – 1.0 meter)

Volatile Organic Compounds (Dissolved phase petroleum and/or Solvents)

Onsite Laboratory Analyses Rapid Laboratory grade gas chromatography

Volatile Organic Compounds (Dissolved phase petroleum and/or Solvents 5-100 ug/L)

NELAC Certified Mobile Labs Comprehensive, onsite testing capabilities

Volatiles, PAHs, Pesticides, PCBs, Metals, & Explosives (Using GC and GC/MS, ICP/MS, AA, XRF, and LC/MS/MS)

Real Time Data Management Mapping and vertical profile charts

Quality Assurance and Decision Making Results presented via Internet in real time



Definition of High Resolution Direct Sensing Tools

• Tools that can provide a lot of data points in a limited period of time

• Operate with as consistent of a measurement process as possible

• Are accurate in the measurement of depth beneath the surface

• Evaluate soil stratigraphy AND contaminant distribution

• Preferably do not require the retrieval of a sample of soil, water, or vapor – a process that introduces a different range of variables and therefore uncertainty



• New Direct Sensing Vans • Dual rod racks for MIP and LIF • Client office facilities • Real time Data • 2D/3D visualizations



Depth Detector

Direct Push Drilling Rig with Membrane Interface Probe for VOCs

MIP Transfer

Line

Drill Rods

Electrical Generator

(self sufficient)

Ultra Pure Compressed Gases


Strong Focus on Health and Safety



Sample MIP Log

Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

Ideal Compounds: - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - Dissolved Phase Petroleum

Production Rates: 150-175 feet bgs per day *Integrated Electrical Conductivity for Soil Characteristics



Depth Detector

Direct Push Drilling Rig with Membrane Interface Probe for VOCs

MIP Transfer

Line

Drill Rods

Electrical Generator

(self sufficient)

Ultra Pure Compressed Gases



MIP Limitations

• Petroleum ~ 1 ppm

• Chlorinated ~ 200 ppb

• w/ Boiling point < 120◦C (250◦F)

• Vapor pressure

• Low solubility in water

• Detector sensitivity



You can see this

stuff happening

in high resolution!

Dry Cleaner

Gas Station

Vapor Intrusion


Mapping Solvent Contamination in Drinking Water Aquifer

Determine where to screen your wells

28 © 2012 COLUMBIA Technologies. 28


Sample LIF Log

Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) UltraVoilet Optical Screening Tool®(UVOST®)

Ideal Compounds: - Free Product/Residual Phase Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Production Rates: 200-250 feet bgs per day

Compound Waveforms

Depth



UVOST® detects residual-phase materials containing PAHs

Using UV excitation we can detect: • Gasoline (highly weathered or aviation gas fluorescence yield is very low)

• Diesel and jet fuel; kerosene • Motor oil and cutting Fluids • Hydraulic fluid • Crude oil



UVOST® for Various NAPLs



UVOST® Critical

Elements – Calibration & reference

checks – The type of NAPL – Speed of the push – Matrix conditions – The shape of the

waveform – Data presentation



Separate and different types of petroleum identified

by LIF-UVOST®


$$ of Monitoring

Wells

NA

PL D

istribu

tion

Laser Mapping of Petroleum Pipeline Leakage

Cost-effectively characterize Contaminated sites



Sample HPT Log

Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)

Ideal Application: - Determine migration pathways, remediation injection regions, and placements for monitoring wells Production Rates: 200 feet bgs per day *Integrated Electrical Conductivity for Soil Characteristics



Sample MiHpt Log

Membrane Interface Probe-Hydraulic Profiling Tool (MiHpt)

Combined MIP-HPT Probe – multiple lines of evidence in the same push! - Contaminant distribution of VOCs - Measurements of EC - HPT injection pressure Production Rates: 150-200 feet bgs per day



0 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Depth (meters)

Pre

ssu

re /

Flo

w

Pressure Flow

HD Hydraulic Profile Parameters Max Press + Low Flow


Aquitard is Key to Site Dynamics


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Soil

Co

nd

uct

ivit

y

Depth (meters)

Pre

ssu

re /

Flo

w

Pressure

Flow

Soil Elect Conductivity

HPT - Multiple Lines of Evidence

Not All “Clays” Are Aquitards

High EC Indicates Tight Grains But Flow is Constant



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0.00E+00

2.00E+04

4.00E+04

6.00E+04

8.00E+04

1.00E+05

1.20E+05

1.40E+05

1.60E+05

1.80E+05

0 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21

Co

rre

cte

d P

ress

ure

De

tect

or

Re

spo

nse

(m

icro

volt

s)

Depth (meters)

Pressure

FID

Combination of HPT + MIP

Contaminants Moving in Low Pressure Regions



Comparison of 8 Effective K Measurements to 10 Conventional Pump Tests

Potentially Better and More Info For Lower Cost

Average K-Value calculated from Slug Test Results in 10 monitoring wells from the 11-14 meter screened interval 1.5 x 10-3 cm/sec compared to 2.6 x 10-3 cm/sec for HPT

• Consider the cost of well installation and pump tests. • Consider the challenge of isolating individual flow regions. • Consider the impact on site dynamics and remediation costs if you don’t.



Classic “shark fin” Evidence of dissolved phase on lower edge? Supported by high pressure – low flow zone beneath

41


Notice the quick < 6” transition from high pressure-no flow to low-high flow and correlation to “shark fin”

42


HPT and MIP Response Show Where to Sample and

Screen Your Well

0.00E+00

2.00E+06

4.00E+06

6.00E+06

8.00E+06

1.00E+07

1.20E+07

1.40E+07

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Press

ECD



Discrete Groundwater Profiler with Onsite VOC Analyses

Ideal Application:

- Analytical screening method for VOCs associated with solvents and fuels

- Detection Limits:

• 5 ppb in GW

• 50 ppb in soils

© 2012 COLUMBIA Technologies. 44 44


PCE Plume Pre-Remedial Injection


PCE Plume Post-Remedial Injection

Effective Remediation Requires Knowing Where the Target Is


WHY Real Time? QA, Visibility, Control & Risk Management

Day 1

SAVINGS GOES UP UNCERTAINTY GOES

DOWN

Day 2 Day 3 Day 4



Thank You!

Questions?

www.columbiatechnologies.com


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