rapid prototyping slideshow of workshop technology 2

7/28/2019 Rapid Prototyping Slideshow of Workshop Technology 2

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MUHAMMMAD NIZAM B. MUHAMMAD ZAINAL06DKM12F1141ALIF FARHAN B. ADAM ANG06DKM12F1142

MUHAMMAD FARIDZ B. ANUWAR06DKM12F1128NUR HASANAH BINTI ROHAIZAT06DKM12F1163


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Rapid prototyping refers to physical objectsthat are automatically constructed with the

aid of additive manufacturing technology.
http://www.mechanicalengineeringblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/03additivemanufacturingdepositionprototyping.jpg


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CAD data files can be manufactured in hours. Tool for visualization and concept

verification. Prototype used in subsequent manufacturing

operations to obtain final part. Rooling for manufacturing operations can be

produced.


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Subtractive process.Subtractive process : This is the mostconventional method of getting the circuitpattern. The basic material for fabrication is alaminate with copper foil bonded to thesubstrate. Through holes are drilled/.punched

in these clad laminates. The image of the circuitpattern is produced either by printing andscreen printing with ink resist or byphotofabrication techniques.


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Additive process.The raw material for the manufacture of PCB

by additive or semiadditive technique isbasically an unclad laminate and copper whichis pattern plated selectively only where it is thefully additive process, while load on etching isbrought to a minimum in the semiadditivepattern plating technique.


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a. Fused-deposition modelling In this technique, filaments of heated thermoplastic are

extruded from a tip that moves in the x-y plane. Like a

baker decorating a cake, the controlled extrusion headdeposits very thin beads of material onto the buildplatform to form the first layer. The platform ismaintained at a lower temperature, so that thethermoplastic quickly hardens. After the platformlowers, the extrusion head deposits a second layer uponthe first. Supports are built along the way, fastened tothe part either with a second, weaker material or with aperforated junction.


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b. Stereolithography Patented in 1986, stereolithography started the

rapid prototyping revolution. The technique builds

three-dimensional models from liquidphotosensitive polymers that solidify when exposedto ultraviolet light. As shown in the figure below, themodel is built upon a platform situated just below

the surface in a vat of liquid epoxy or acrylate resin.A low-power highly focused UV laser traces out thefirst layer, solidifying the models cross section whileleaving excess areas liquid.


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C. Selective Laser sintering Developed by Carl Deckard for his masters thesis at the

University of Texas, selective laser sintering waspatented in 1989. The technique, shown in Figure 3, usesa laser beam to selectively fuse powdered materials,such as nylon, elastomer, and metal, into a solid object.Parts are built upon a platform which sits just below thesurface in a bin of the heat-fusable powder. A lasertraces the pattern of the first layer, sintering it together.

The platform is lowered by the height of the next layerand powder is reapplied. This process continues until thepart is complete. Excess powder in each layer helps tosupport the part during the build. SLS machines areproduced by DTM of Austin, TX.


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d. Ballistic particle manufacturing A rapid prototyping process which deposits

materials by means of inkjet technology. Atone time the term was used to refer to aspecific company's technology, BPM, Inc.,now defunct, but prior to that it was an earlygeneric term for inkjet-based RP. The term isnot often used at present.


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e. Laminated-object manufacturing and solid ground curing In this technique, developed by Helisys of Torrance, CA, layers of

adhesive-coated sheet material are bonded together to form aprototype. The original material consists of paper laminated with heat-activated glue and rolled up on spools. As shown in the figure below, a

feeder/collector mechanism advances the sheet over the build platform,where a base has been constructed from paper and double-sided foamtape. Next, a heated roller applies pressure to bond the paper to thebase. A focused laser cuts the outline of the first layer into the paper andthen cross-hatches the excess area (the negative space in the prototype).Cross-hatching breaks up the extra material, making it easier to removeduring post-processing. During the build, the excess material providesexcellent support for overhangs and thin-walled sections. After the firstlayer is cut, the platform lowers out of the way and fresh material isadvanced. The platform rises to slightly below the previous height, theroller bonds the second layer to the first, and the laser cuts the secondlayer. This process is repeated as needed to build the part, which willhave a wood-like texture.


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Indirect Tooling Most rapid tooling today is indirect: RP parts

are used as patterns for making molds anddies. RP models can be indirectly used in anumber of manufacturing processes.


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Direct Tooling To directly make hard tooling from CAD data

is the Holy Grail of rapid tooling. Realizationof this objective is still several years away, butsome strong strides are being made.


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Rapid Prototyping is the future for the nextgeneration of design and manufacturing with

the traditional way of design andmanufacturing found that there are manyadvantages with Rapid Prototyping.

rapid prototyping slideshow of workshop technology 2

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