rapid water quality kit for produced water reuse: onshore production power across texas energy...
TRANSCRIPT
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RAPID WATER QUALITY KIT FOR PRODUCED WATER REUSE: ONSHORE PRODUCTION
POWER ACROSS TEXAS ENERGY CHALLENGE
MAY 1, 2015
Omar GhannoumPreston TidwellAllana Robertson Nima Ghahremani
AGENDA
• Introduce the idea• Portable Frac Water kit
• Explain the importance• Water usage• Who will benefit
• The portable frac kit• How it works• Quality Control• Bacteria• Chemistry
• Conclusion
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AN INNOVATIVE FRAC WATER TESTING KIT
• Onsite testing of water to be used for Hydraulic Fracturing mixtures
• Will be used as a way to screen good water from bad water
• It’s cheap and quick
• Will be a catalyst to new innovations in oil field water usage
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CURRENT WATER PROBLEMS IN TEXAS
• A typical shale well uses 5M gallons of water for hydraulic fracturing
• 7 Billion bbls Produced water per year in the Eagle Ford formation (Adham 2014, USDOE)
• 40% of water used for fracing comes back up to the surface
• Handling water is expensive
Fresh water costs: $0.88-6.05/bbl
Disposal costs: $1.13-$10.75/bbl
Water management accounts for up to 10% of well costs (IHS)
Frac Pond (Energy Corp. of America)
• Important chemistries in produced water prevent us from using it directly due to compatibility issues (Blauch 2010)
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WATER IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FLUIDS
• Slick Water
• Sand + Water + Acid
• Pumped at extremely high rates (60-100 BPM) to achieve fracture
• Cross Linker Gel
• Sand + Water + Acid + Guar Gel
• Uses high viscosity and density to achieve fractures
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WHAT IS PRESENTLY DONE
Currently produced water is: • Re-injected into reservoir to maintain pressure, 56% • Pumped into disposal wells, 39%• A small percentage is cleaned and recycled, about, 3%
Cleaned using: • Coagulation, hydrocyclones, coalescers, flotation, and micro, ultra,
nano, and reverse osmosis filtration systems
Drillin
gco
ntra
ctor.o
rg
(Al-Maamari 2014); (USDOE); (EOR)
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WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM THE KIT?
• Service companies (Halliburton, Schlumberger, NOV)
• These companies are responsible for the quality of hydraulic fracturing job
• Can use the kit to help them cut costs and deliver a better product
• Lower oil prices means lower margins, and every bit counts
• Operators
• Lower water handling costs
• Can make locals happy because of less water usage
• Wastewater management is the primary driver of costs
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RAPID CHEMISTRY KIT FOR COMPATIBILITY TESTING
Boron
Barium
Bacteria
Chloride
pH
Iron
Sulfate
Total Suspended
Solids
Acidity
5 mg/L
40 mg/L
2500 ATP
30,000 mg/L
4-9
70 mg/L
400 mg/L
500 mg/L
5000 mg/LCalcium 500 mg/L
Photo from LaMotte Corp.
Chemical Tested
Chemical Tested
Suggested Levels
Suggested Levels
• < 8 = Good• 4-8 = Some filtration/mixing
needed• > 4 = Extensive filtration
needed
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WHY IS WATER CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT ?
• Interference with friction reducers• Chlorides (+)• Calcium (+)• Magnesium(
+)
• Bacteria
• Clogs pores• TSS/TDS• Creates friction• Scaling
• Hydration of Crosslinker• Boron• Iron• Sulfate
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WATER REUSE IN COMPLETION ACTIVITIES
Flow back fluid and recycled fluid from Baaken: photo by SIONIX
• Flow Back or Produced Water contains high concentrations of a variety of ions
• Kit can determine water compatibility for operations
• Pre and post cleaning chemical levels
Flow Back Cleaned
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SCALING TENDENCIES
1. Scaling: Oil and gas recovery reduction due to the formation of typical scales such as sulfate salts of calcium, strontium, and barium.
Example Scaling Problem:
Assumptions:Flowback water has 20 mg/L of Ba2+
Groundwater has 200 mg/L of SO4
2-
Temperature = 25 °C (at surface)11
IMPORTANCE: CORROSION MANAGEMENT
Chemical
Corrosion/Scalin
g
Microbial
Influenced
Corrosion
Equipment Failures &
Environmental Incidents
Duncan, K.E, Perez-Ibarra, B.M., Jenneman, G., Harris, J.B., Webb, R., Sublette,K. 2013. The effect of corrosion inhibitors on microbial communities associated with corrosion in a model flow cell system. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 98:907-918.
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WHY IS WATER BIOLOGY IMPORTANT?
Microbes in the water column: Planktonic
Microbes attached to surface: Sessile
Attachment
Cell-to-cell adhesion
Growth Matures & Releases
Davis Lab: http://www.binghamton.edu/biology/faculty/davies/research.htmBaldwin, P., Mulliniks, B., 2015. Chemical-Free Bacteria Neutralization and In-Field Testing. (emailed copy prior to publication at a conference).
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9 MAJOR MICROBIAL INFLUENCED CORROSION GROUPS
(SRB) Sulfate-reducing
(TRB) Thiosulfate-reducing
(NRB) Nitrate-reducing
(SuRB) Sulfite-producing
(IOB) Iron-oxidizing
(APB) Acid-producing
(IRB) Iron-reducing
Methanogens
(SPB) Slime-producing
Note: (SPB) also classified as (EPS) Extra polymeric substance producing
Sherman, S., Brownlee, D., kakadjian, SPE,S., Luft, B., Trican Well Service Ltd. 2014. Microbial Influenced Corrosion of Coil Tubing Milling Strings in the Eagle Ford Shale. No. IPTC-18032-MS. International Petroleum Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2014).
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MOBILE MONITORING OPTIONS
Molecular Technology
Ease of Use
Testing Time (min)
Portability
Accuracy Microbial Activity Tested
Cost per Test
ATP LuminUltra
Easy 5 Very Good Good All (viable & nonviable)
$7
Bactiquant Moderate 11 Very Good Good All (viable only)
$20
QuickChek SRB
Moderate 10 Very Good OK SRB (viable & nonviable)
$14
Rapid-B Flow Cytometer
Easy 3 Benchtop Based
Very Good All (viable only)
$20
Bug Bottles
Easy 5-7 days Benchtop Based
OK Specific to Media (viable only)
$0.60
http://www.hach.com/quick.search-quick.search.jsa?keywords=ATP+LuminUltra http://www.modernwater.com/monitoring/by-industry/oil-and-gas
(Victor Pena Sales Account Manager)http://www.mycometer.com/ http://www.biotechnologysolutions.com/ http://www.pcbdservices.com/technology/oil-and-gas.php
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MMM’S IN USE AT ENCANA FIELD SITE, PERMIAN BASIN
Rapid-B Flow Cytometer
ATP LuminUltraBactiquant
Industry Standard Bug Bottles
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COMPARISON BETWEEN KIT AND LAB ANALYSIS
Note: Boron, Barium and Sulfate were below MDL of the field kit; TDS was above the detection limit
(Results of water chemistry analyses for “Earlyne SWD 2/25/15” performed with field water test kit)
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10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
, 25,800 , 22,400
, 80.5 , 72
, 1,700
, 220
, 2852
, 940
, 50.5 , 45.1
, 577 , 600
, 6.83 , 6.6
, 860
Chloride Iron Alkalinity Calcium Conductivity, mS/cmTurbidity, FAU TSS, lab pH Acidity
Conc
entr
ation
(mg/
L)
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LETS REVIEW: RAPID CHEMISTRY KIT FOR COMPATIBILITY TESTING
The main purpose of our kit is to: • Only takes 1 hour to complete all the tests• Identify ‘good’ and ‘bad’ water on site• Less than 5% error compared to certified lab• Provide a reasonable estimate of contamination levels• Less than $20 to complete all tests
As a result of using our kit, you should see a reduction in: • Less down time on rig site• Fresh water needed for completion activities • Expenses related to water purchase • Tensions between local communities and production
companies
TimeMone
y$$
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Michael Irlbeck Mika Bradford & The Vivione FieldTeam
Jennifer Fichter Ecolyse Field Scientists
David Burnett & The GPRI Team Dr. Lee Clapp; Environmental Engineering
Dr. Lucy Camacho; Environmental Engineering
19Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America
QUESTIONS?
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