ratio a comparison of two numbers by division 4 out of 5 people choose product x 4 out of 5 4 to 5...
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ratio
• A comparison of two numbers by division
4 out of 5 people choose product X
4 out of 5 4 to 5 4:54
5
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equivalent ratios
• Ratios that name the same comparison
6 3,
8 4
2,5
x
y
20 2 1, ,
100 10 5
1 4,
2 8
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proportion
• An equation that shows two ratios are equivalent
2
5
x
y
5
100 8
n3
2 4
x
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percent
• Ratio that compares a number to 100,
20% means 20 per hundred or
20
100
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mean (also called average)
• The sum of all the values in a data set divided by the number of data values
90, 85, 88, 82, 85
The mean is 86.
90 85 88 82 85 430
5 5
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mode
• Value that occurs most often in a data set
3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7 Mode is 4
3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7 Modes are 4 and 6
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 No mode
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median• The number in the middle of an
ordered set of dataFor an odd number of values
5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9Median = 6
For an even number of values, average the two middle numbers.
5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9
6
6+7= 6.5
2Median =
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bar graph
• Graph that uses vertical or horizontal lines to display data
M & M's in a Bag
0
2
4
6
8
10
Brown Red Green Yellow Orange
Color
Nu
mb
er o
f M
&M
's
M & M's in a Bag
0 2 4 6 8 10
Brown
Red
Green
Yellow
Orange
Co
lor
Number of M&M's
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circle graph• Way to display data using a circle
and non-overlapping sectors
Monthly Budget
Food
Clothing
Housing
Savings
Entertainment
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box and whisker plot
• A way to show how data is distributed by using the median, quartiles, and minimum and maximum values
Maximum
Second Quartile
Median
First Quartile
Minimum
10 11984 5 762 310
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scatter plot• Graph that shows the general
relationship between two sets of data Studying for tests
0102030405060708090100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time in minutes
Tes
t sc
ore
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variableletter or symbol
used to represent a value that can
change
a f x y
constantvalue that does
not change
-7 2 3.14 3
4
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expressionMathematical phrase that contains
operations, numbers, and/or variables
Numerical expression
An expression that contains only
constants 2
4 67 - 1
12 + 6 - 9
Algebraic expression
An expression that contains at least
one variable8y
4a + 3bx – 2
6 + 3n – 7m
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coefficient
• A number multiplied by a variable
• 2x 2 is the coefficient of x
• 5a – 4b 5 is the coefficient of a and 4 is the coefficient of b
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factor• Number or expression that is
multiplied by another number or expression to get a product
24 = 4 64 and 6 are factors of 24.
20 = 2 2 52, 2, and 5 are factors of 20
(a2 – 4) = (a + 2)(a – 2)(a + 2) and (a – 2) are factors of (a2 – 4)
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exponent• Number that indicates how many
times a number (base) is to be used as a factor
23 = 2 2 2 2 is the base; 3 is the exponent.
X4 = x x x xx is the base; 4 is the exponent.
(a + b)2 = (a + b)(a + b)(a + b) it the base; 2 is the exponent.
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like terms
Terms with the same variables raised to the same powers
Like terms
4x2y3 7x2y3
Not like terms
5m2n3 5m3n2
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evaluate
Find the value of an expression by substituting numbers for the variables and simplifying
Evaluate x + y when x = 3 and y = 6.
x + y = 3 + 6 = 9
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equation
• Mathematical statement that two expressions are equivalent
5 + 8 = 6 + 72x – 8 = 20
3x + 2y = 15
6 3
8 4
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inequality
• Mathematical statement that contains greater than (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (≥), less than or equal to (≤), or not equal (≠)
5 > 2 7 < 10 x ≥ 1
n +2 ≤ 15 x ≠ 6 x – 2 ≥ y + 3
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coordinate plane
• A plane divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis
y
x
x-axis
y- axis
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5-4
-3
-2
-1
1
23
45
6
7
8
9
987654321-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
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coordinate• A number used to identify the
location of a point on a number line or coordinate plane
A
10 11984 5 762 310
On the number line, the coordinate of A is 4.
y
x
B
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5-4
-3
-2
-1
1
23
45
6
7
8
9
987654321-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
On the coordinate plane, the coordinates of B are (-3, 4).
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ordered pair• Pair of numbers used to locate a point in
the coordinate plane• First number, x, indicates number of
units left or right• Second number, y, indicates number of
units up or downy
x
B
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5-4
-3
-2
-1
1
23
45
6
7
8
9
987654321-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
On the coordinate plane, the coordinates of B are (-3, 4).
-3 means 3 units left
4 means 4 units up
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origin• On a coordinate
plane, the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis with coordinates (0, 0)
y
x
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5-4
-3
-2
-1
1
23
45
6
7
8
9
987654321-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
x-axis
Origin(0, 0)
y-axis