Water ClasificationTable 1. US EPA Classification of Lakes and Ponds based on Alkalinity as Measured in Concentration of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)Table 5. Water Hardness Classification - Refer to Pure Water Handbook by OSMONICSFig. 18-18. Scaling Tendency of Water According to LSI and RSI by GPSACategoryConcentration of CaCO3 (ppm)Hardness Level (ppm)ClassificationLSIRSIConditionAcidified 180Very Hard Water0.25.8Slight ScalingNon Sensitive > 2006Stable Water (no scale)-0.26.5No scale, very slight tendency to dissolve scale-0.57No scale, slight tendency to dissolve scale-18No scale, moderate tendency to dissolve scale-29No scale, strong tendency to dissolve scale-310No scale, very strong tendency to dissolve scale[A] WATER RESOURCE - APARAMETER :TSS =180ppmBOD =2.0ppmTDS =3450ppm CaCO3COD =20ppmpH =8.3DOC =5ppmTemperature =28oCWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+25.0402201624Mg2+2.024212080Mn2+0.050225000Ba2+0.9112256010Sr2+1.576238020Na+1360.023123592959173NH4+1.218118030K+15.0391390191Fe3+0.152317000Al3+0.02639000HCO3-1707.261-16128140082CO32-0.660-230010SO42-2.096-248020Cl-1210.035-135341708100Br-4.170-170030F-2.518-118070NO3-0.062-162000SiO220.060-1600171PO42-0.194-247000SOLUTION :[1] Check TDSTotal Cation =3055.1ppm CaCO3Total Anion =3137ppm CaCO3TDS Feed =3450ppm CaCO3Note : balancing should be conducted then total cation = total anion = TDSTDS/Total Cation =1.13TDS/Total Anion =1.10[2] Ion BalancingWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3ppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+28.040220170704Mg2+2.3242120991Mn2+0.0502250000Ba2+1.01122560110Sr2+1.7762380220Na+1535.8231236733413341195NH4+1.4181180440K+17.039139022221Fe3+0.1523170000Al3+0.026390000HCO3-1877.461-161311540154090CO32-0.760-2300110SO42-2.296-2480220Cl-1330.635-1353818781878110Br-4.570-1700330F-2.718-1180880NO3-0.062-1620000SiO221.960-160018181PO42-0.194-2470000[3] Result and ConclusionTotal Cation =3450.0ppm CaCO3pH =8.3Temperature =28.082.4Total Anion =3450ppm CaCO3TDS =3450.0Calcium Hardness =70 ppm CaCO3Total Hardness =79.8ppm CaCO3= 30.29 ppmM-Alkalinity =1541 ppm CaCO3=4.7gr/gal CaCO3See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Index) and LSI ( Langelier Scaling Index)Hardness Criteria =Slighty Hard WaterRSI =0LSI =N/ATotal Alkalinity =1540.7ppm CaCO3Water Tendency Problem = Extremely Severe Scaling=90.1gr/gal CaCO3Alkalinity Criteria =Non Sensitive Parameter to be ConcernedMin/Max LimitActual ValueRemarkppmppm CaCO3ppmppm CaCO3TSS50.0-180-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!TDS-435.0-3450WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!pH6.08.58.3WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal Alkalinity-20.0-1540.7WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal Hardness5.050.030WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal N5.0-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal P0.05-0.1-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Al3+5.0-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSCl-150.0-1330.6-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!F-1.0-2.7-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Fe3+0.2-0.1-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSMn2+0.2-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSK+0.1-17.0-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!TOC10.0-20-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :(1) Chemical Feed (Coagulant, Flocculant, Clarifier, pH adj)Function = to remove TSS(2) Media Filtration (Sand Filter) and Carbon Filter in Series.Function = to remove any dissolved organic carbon(3) TDS Removal by MembraneFunction = to remove TDS until meets water parameter

Typical Water : Surface Water (River, Lake, etc)

[B] WATER RESOURCE - BPARAMETER :TSS =80ppmBOD =2.0ppmTDS =4985ppm CaCO3COD =0ppmpH =3.1DOC =1ppmTemperature =25oCWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+1325.040220663309193Mg2+1.024212040Mn2+8.2502250161Ba2+1.0112256010Sr2+1.076238010Na+2000.023123874351254NH4+0.018118000K+50.0391391644Fe3+670.052317391934113Al3+3.626390211HCO3-0.061-161000CO32-0.060-230000SO42-2880.096-248603001175Cl-400.035-1351156433Br-0.070-170000F-1.018-118030NO3-100.062-1622815SiO210.060-160080PO42-0.094-247000SOLUTION :[1] Check TDSTotal Cation =9701.6ppm CaCO3Total Anion =3657ppm CaCO3TDS Feed =4985ppm CaCO3Note : balancing should be conducted then total cation = total anion = TDSTDS/Total Cation =0.51TDS/Total Anion =1.36[2] Ion BalancingWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3ppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+680.840220341700170099Mg2+0.5242120220Mn2+4.2502250880Ba2+0.61122560100Sr2+0.5762380110Na+1027.6231234522362236131NH4+0.0181180000K+25.739139133332Fe3+344.3523172099499458Al3+1.92639011111HCO3-0.061-1610000CO32-0.060-2300000SO42-3926.096-2488240904090239Cl-544.935-1351576976945Br-0.070-1700000F-1.418-1180440NO3-136.362-16221101106SiO213.760-160011111PO42-0.094-2470000

[3] Result and ConclusionTotal Cation =4985.0ppm CaCO3pH =3.1Temperature =25.077.0Total Anion =4985ppm CaCO3TDS =4985.0Calcium Hardness =1700 ppm CaCO3Total Hardness =1702.1ppm CaCO3= 681.33 ppmM-Alkalinity =0 ppm CaCO3=99.5gr/gal CaCO3See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Index) and LSI ( Langelier Scaling Index)Hardness Criteria =Very Hard WaterRSI =20LSI =N/ATotal Alkalinity =0.0ppm CaCO3Water Tendency Problem = No scale, very strong tendency to dissolve scale=0.0gr/gal CaCO3Alkalinity Criteria =Acidified Parameter to be ConcernedMin/Max LimitActual ValueRemarkppmppm CaCO3ppmppm CaCO3TSS50.0-80-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!TDS-435.0-4985WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!pH6.08.53.1WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Total Alkalinity-20.0-0.0WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Total Hardness5.050.0681WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Total N5.0-136.3-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Total P0.05-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSAl3+5.0-1.9-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSCl-150.0-544.9-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!F-1.0-1.4-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Fe3+0.2-344.3-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Mn2+0.2-4.2-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!K+0.1-25.7-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!TOC10.0-0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKS

Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :(1) Chemical Feed (Coagulant, Flocculant, Clarifier, pH adj)Function = to remove TSS(2) Media Filtration (Sand Filter) and Carbon Filter in Series.Function = to remove any dissolved organic carbon(3) Greendsand FiltrationFunction = to remove any iron and manganese ion that are easy to scale in downstream process(3) TDS Removal by MembraneFunction = to remove TDS until meets water parameter

Typical Water : Surface Water (River, Lake, etc)

[C] WATER RESOURCE - CPARAMETER :TSS =30ppmBOD =2.0ppmTDS =3400ppm CaCO3COD =20ppmpH =9.4DOC =5ppmTemperature =22oCWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+10.0402200251Mg2+2.024212080Mn2+0.050225000Ba2+0.9112256010Sr2+1.576238020Na+919.323123402000117NH4+0.818118020K+15.0391390191Fe3+0.152317000Al3+0.02639000HCO3-1360.061-16122111565CO32-121.160-230420212SO42-2.096-248020Cl-1210.035-135341708100Br-4.170-170030F-2.518-118070NO3-0.062-162000SiO220.060-1600171PO42-0.194-247000SOLUTION :[1] Check TDSTotal Cation =2057.6ppm CaCO3Total Anion =3054ppm CaCO3TDS Feed =3400ppm CaCO3Note : balancing should be conducted then total cation = total anion = TDSTDS/Total Cation =1.65TDS/Total Anion =1.11[2] Ion BalancingWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3ppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+16.540220141412Mg2+3.324212014141Mn2+0.0502250000Ba2+1.51122560110Sr2+2.5762380330Na+1519.0231236633053305193NH4+1.3181180440K+24.839139132322Fe3+0.1523170000Al3+0.026390000HCO3-1514.361-161251242124273CO32-134.860-230422522513SO42-2.296-2480220Cl-1347.335-1353819011901111Br-4.670-1700330F-2.818-1180880NO3-0.062-1620000SiO222.360-160019191PO42-0.194-2470000

[3] Result and ConclusionTotal Cation =3400.0ppm CaCO3pH =9.4Temperature =22.071.6Total Anion =3400ppm CaCO3TDS =3400.0Calcium Hardness =41 ppm CaCO3Total Hardness =54.9ppm CaCO3= 19.84 ppmM-Alkalinity =1467 ppm CaCO3=3.2gr/gal CaCO3See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Index) and LSI ( Langelier Scaling Index)Hardness Criteria =Slighty Hard WaterRSI =0LSI =N/ATotal Alkalinity =1466.7ppm CaCO3Water Tendency Problem = Extremely Severe Scaling=85.8gr/gal CaCO3Alkalinity Criteria =Slighty Hard WaterParameter to be ConcernedMin/Max LimitActual ValueRemarkppmppm CaCO3ppmppm CaCO3TSS50.0-30-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTDS-435.0-3400WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!pH6.08.59.4WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Total Alkalinity-20.0-1466.7WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal Hardness5.050.020WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal N5.0-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal P0.05-0.1-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Al3+5.0-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSCl-150.0-1347.3-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!F-1.0-2.8-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Fe3+0.2-0.1-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSMn2+0.2-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSK+0.1-24.8-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!TOC10.0-20-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!

Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :(1) Media Filtration (Sand Filter) and Carbon Filter in Series.Function = to remove any dissolved organic carbon(2) TDS Removal by MembraneFunction = to remove TDS until meets water parameter

Typical Water : Ground Water (Well)

[D] WATER RESOURCE - DPARAMETER :TSS =10ppmBOD =0ppmTDS =17000ppm CaCO3COD =8500ppmpH =7.3DOC =40ppmTemperature =50oCWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+600.04022030149888Mg2+185.0242121576145Mn2+30.0502251604Ba2+12.41122560111Sr2+15.0762380201Na+6000.02312326113054763NH4+0.018118000K+115.03913931479Fe3+82.052317523714Al3+8.726391503HCO3-548.761-161945026CO32-0.060-230000SO42-27.096-2481282Cl-10700.035-13530215099883Br-200.070-17031438F-0.018-118000NO3-0.062-162000SiO2300.060-160525015PO42-0.094-247000SOLUTION :[1] Check TDSTotal Cation =15838.4ppm CaCO3Total Anion =15971ppm CaCO3TDS Feed =17000ppm CaCO3Note : balancing should be conducted then total cation = total anion = TDSTDS/Total Cation =1.07TDS/Total Anion =1.06[2] Ion BalancingWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3ppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+644.040220321608160894Mg2+198.6242121681781748Mn2+32.050225164644Ba2+13.3112256012121Sr2+16.176238021211Na+6440.0231232801401114011819NH4+0.0181180000K+123.53913931581589Fe3+88.052317525425415Al3+9.32639154543HCO3-584.161-1611047947928CO32-0.060-2300000SO42-28.796-248130302Cl-11389.535-1353211607316073940Br-212.970-17031521529F-0.018-1180000NO3-0.062-1620000SiO2319.360-160526626616PO42-0.094-2470000[3] Result and ConclusionTotal Cation =17000.0ppm CaCO3pH =7.3Temperature =50.0122.0Total Anion =17000ppm CaCO3TDS =17000.0Calcium Hardness =1608 ppm CaCO3Total Hardness =2425.2ppm CaCO3= 842.57 ppmM-Alkalinity =479 ppm CaCO3=141.8gr/gal CaCO3See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Index) and LSI ( Langelier Scaling Index)Hardness Criteria =Very Hard WaterRSI =5LSI =N/ATotal Alkalinity =479.0ppm CaCO3Water Tendency Problem = Severe Scaling=28.0gr/gal CaCO3Alkalinity Criteria =Non Sensitive Parameter to be ConcernedMin/Max LimitActual ValueRemarkppmppm CaCO3ppmppm CaCO3TSS50.0-10-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTDS-435.0-17000WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!pH6.08.57.3WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal Alkalinity-20.0-479.0WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal Hardness5.050.0843WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Total N5.0-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal P0.05-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSAl3+5.0-9.3-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Cl-150.0-11389.5-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!F-1.0-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSFe3+0.2-88.0-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Mn2+0.2-32.0-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!K+0.1-123.5-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!TOC10.0-8500-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!

Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :(1) Media Filtration (Sand Filter) and Carbon Filter in Series.Function = to remove any dissolved organic carbon(2) Greendsand FiltrationFunction = to remove any iron and manganese ion that are easy to scale in downstream process(3) Hardness Removal by SoftenerFunction = to remove hardness that are easy to scale in downstream process(4) TDS Removal by MembraneFunction = to remove TDS until meets water parameter

Typical Water : Sea Water

[E] WATER RESOURCE - EPARAMETER :TSS =2000ppmBOD =60000ppmTDS =76000ppm CaCO3COD =98000ppmpH =4DOC =0ppmTemperature =70oCWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+10.0402200251Mg2+5.0242120211Mn2+0.050225000Ba2+0.1112256000Sr2+0.176238000Na+250.0231231154432NH4+1200.018118673336195K+17475.039139447223641308Fe3+0.052317000Al3+0.02639000HCO3-0.061-161000CO32-0.060-230000SO42-10.096-2480101Cl-200.035-135628217Br-0.070-170000F-0.518-118010NO3-0.062-162000SiO27.060-160060PO42-1500.094-24732159793SOLUTION :[1] Check TDSTotal Cation =26290.1ppm CaCO3Total Anion =1897ppm CaCO3TDS Feed =76000ppm CaCO3Note : balancing should be conducted then total cation = total anion = TDSTDS/Total Cation =2.89TDS/Total Anion =40.07[2] Ion BalancingWATER ANALYSIS - ION50.04 as CaCO3 factor17.1Water Analysis - IonppmwMWTotal ValencyEquivalent WeightMiliequivalent/literppm CaCO3ppm CaCO3grain/gallon as CaCO3Ca2+28.940220172724Mg2+14.324212159593Mn2+0.0502250000Ba2+0.31122560000Sr2+0.3762380000Na+722.723123311572157292NH4+3469.01811819396449644564K+50517.139139129264652646523781Fe3+0.0523170000Al3+0.026390000HCO3-0.061-1610000CO32-0.060-2300000SO42-400.696-248841741724Cl-8013.135-1352261130811308661Br-0.070-1700000F-20.018-118156563NO3-0.062-1620000SiO2280.560-160523423414PO42-60098.094-247127963985639853742[3] Result and ConclusionTotal Cation =76000.0ppm CaCO3pH =4Temperature =70.0158.0Total Anion =76000ppm CaCO3TDS =76000.0Calcium Hardness =72 ppm CaCO3Total Hardness =131.7ppm CaCO3= 43.25 ppmM-Alkalinity =0 ppm CaCO3=7.7gr/gal CaCO3See Fig. 18-17 GPSA to find RSI (Ryznar Stability Index) and LSI ( Langelier Scaling Index)Hardness Criteria =Slighty Hard WaterRSI =20LSI =N/ATotal Alkalinity =0.0ppm CaCO3Water Tendency Problem = No scale, very strong tendency to dissolve scale=0.0gr/gal CaCO3Alkalinity Criteria =Acidified Parameter to be ConcernedMin/Max LimitActual ValueRemarkppmppm CaCO3ppmppm CaCO3TSS50.0-2000-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!TDS-435.0-76000WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!pH6.08.54WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Total Alkalinity-20.0-0.0WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Total Hardness5.050.043WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal N5.0-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSTotal P0.05-60098.0-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Al3+5.0-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSCl-150.0-8013.1-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!F-1.0-20.0-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Fe3+0.2-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSMn2+0.2-0.0-WATER PARAMETER MEETS SPECKSK+0.1-50517.1-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!TOC10.0-98000-WARNING AS WATER IS OUT OF SPECKS!!!Suggested Type of Water Treatment Unit :(1) Chemical Feed (Coagulant, Flocculant, Clarifier, pH adj)Function = to remove TSS(2) Media Filtration (Sand Filter)Function = to remove any dissolved organic carbon(3) TDS Removal by MembraneFunction = to remove TDS until meets water parameter

Typical Water : Waste Water