rc401 construction jennings e&s
TRANSCRIPT
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Erosion & Sediment Control for
Stream Restoration Projects
Greg Jennings, PhD, PE
Professor & Extension Specialist
Biological & Agricultural Engineering
North Carolina State University
Thanks to Wyatt Brown, LSS, CPESC
NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program
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NC Sediment Pollution Control Act, 1973
• 15A NCAC 04B .0105
PROTECTION OF PROPERTY
• Persons conducting land-disturbing activity shall take all reasonable measures to protect all public and private property from damage caused by such activities.
• History Note: Authority G.S. 113A-54(b); 113A-54(d)(2);
• Eff. February 1, 1976;
• Amended Eff. August 1, 1988; November 1, 1984.
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1. Site Preparation
2. Grading
3. Structures
4. Site Stabilization
Construction Practices
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• Construction entrance
• Silt fence
• Staging & stockpile
• Temporary crossings
• Stream flow diversion
1. Site Preparation
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Silt Fence• Metal Posts 8 feet apart
• Reinforcing wire backing (14 ga. w/ 6-inch mesh)
• Bury fence 8 inches deep
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Silt Fence
Problems
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Silt Fence
Problems
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Staging and Stockpile
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Stockpile Area
Silt fence &
seeding
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Problems?
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Temporary Stream Crossing
• Rock ford
• Culvert
• Portable
log mat
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Problems?
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Prevent erosion
around culvert
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Problems?
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Stream Flow Diversion
• Open channel
• Pipe
• Pump around
• Work in wet
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Open channel
Must dissipate
energy at end
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Problems?
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Pipe
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Pipe Undersized
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Pump Around: Match pump to 2 x base flow
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Check dam to
retain base flow
Quiet pump in
residential area
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Pump
discharge
downstream
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Problem?
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Special Stilling Basin: Filter Bag
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Problem?
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Problem?
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1. Stage project to limit exposed areas
2. Use temporary ground cover
3. Use track equipment if possible
4. Keep stormwater runoff away from site
2. Grading
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Clearing & Grubbing
Followed by Survey Stakeout
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Problem?
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Problem?
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1. Build according to design
2. Check elevations (twice)
3. Footer boulders and backer logs
4. Seal structures to prevent piping
• “Chink” rock structures
• Filter fabric for all structures
3. Structures
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Boulder Cross Vane
20-30 degree angles
2-5 % arm slopes
20-30 degrees
2-5 % arm slopes
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Laser Level for Grade Check
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Log Vane (with
root wad)
Backer Log
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Woven filter
fabric nailed to
top log
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Geotextile nailed to top log
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Overhanging top
log for fish cover
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Why do structures fail?
• Rocks or logs not placed properly
• Piping under or through rocks or logs
• Lack of geotextile, improperly placed
• Excess scour
• Poor vegetation & bank stability
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Structure Problems
• Wrong Location
• Too Steep
• Not Keyed Into Bank
• Poor Vegetation Establishment
• Not Sealed
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Poor placement
and not keyed in
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Drop too great
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Easy to spot during high flows…
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Also easy to spot…
after the flows have receded
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Too steep
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How about this one?...
Keep log wet…even
at normal daily flow
Too steep
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Structural
collapse
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Root Wads Too High
Too Few & Washed
Out Behind
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Problem?
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Problem?
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Problem?
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4. Site Stabilization
• Temporary ground cover (mulch & matting)
• Permanent ground cover (vegetation)
• Prepare for rain!
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Straw Mulch: 75% cover (2 tons/acre)
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Hydroseeder
(mulch, seed, f
ertilizer)
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Matting
• Biodegradable (coir, jute, excelsior, straw)
• Seed and straw UNDER matting
• Keep matting relaxed
• Stakes: wood or biodegradable plastic
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No Plastic!
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Each Day:
Seed, straw, ma
tting
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Erosion control every day
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Large stakes at toe of slope
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Problem?
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Irrigation
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Overland
Flow
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Straw Wattle used as Berm
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Straw Wattle used as Berm
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Site Inspection
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Note: Channel stabilized before floodplain
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Successful Project:
1. Good design considering hydraulic & sediment
transport processes
2. Communication between designer & contractor
3. Flexibility to make field changes
4. Understanding of environmental regulations
5. Prepare for flooding!
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Use Common Sense
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Thanks to:
Wyatt Brown, NC EEP
Dan Clinton, Cary
Darrell Westmoreland, North State Environmental
Jan Patterson, Cary, NC
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