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Asset Management Division

RCA 2 RCA 2 Data Collection ManualData Collection Manual

VDOT Editorial BoardFrank Brown, Fred Garton, Larrie Henley, Laura Petrella, Lyndon Sewell, David Sutton, Clark Woods

February 2004

2004 Virginia Department of Transportation. All rights reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT NOTICECOPYRIGHT NOTICE.......................................................................................................3PREFACEPREFACE..........................................................................................................................4PROGRAM OPERATIONPROGRAM OPERATION..................................................................................................6GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING SHOULDER ASSETSGUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING SHOULDER ASSETS...............................................7

UNPAVED SHOULDERS..............................................................................................7FENCES......................................................................................................................11

GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DRAINAGE ASSETS..............................................13PIPES – smaller than 36 square feet...........................................................................13PAVED DITCHES........................................................................................................19UNPAVED DITCHES...................................................................................................24DROP INLETS & CATCH BASINS..............................................................................27EDGEDRAINS & UNDERDRAINS..............................................................................32CURB & GUTTER........................................................................................................34SIDEWALKS................................................................................................................37ENTRANCES...............................................................................................................39

GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING TRAFFIC ASSETSGUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING TRAFFIC ASSETS..................................................45SIGNS..........................................................................................................................45PAVEMENT MARKINGS.............................................................................................49PAVEMENT MARKERS..............................................................................................50GUARDRAIL................................................................................................................52GUARDRAIL TERMINALS..........................................................................................58TRAFFIC BARRIERS..................................................................................................63

FIELD PROCEDURESFIELD PROCEDURES....................................................................................................66FIELD APPROACH......................................................................................................66DATA COLLECTION/SITE EVALUATION...................................................................66SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY........................................................................................67SAFETY PROCEDURES.............................................................................................67RCA RULE – DIVIDED/UNDIVIDED...........................................................................69

EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES........................................................................................70

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COPYRIGHT NOTICECOPYRIGHT NOTICE

The Virginia Department of Transportation ("VDOT") is the rightful owner of the data, information, and documents (the "materials") that are being provided to you. Permission to use the materials from VDOT is granted, provided that (1) the below copyright notice appears in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear, (2) use of such materials is for informational and non-commercial or personal use only and will not be copied or posted on any network computer or broadcast in any media, without the express written permission of VDOT, and (3) no modifications of any materials are made.


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PREFACEPREFACE

This RCA Training Manual has been designed for two primary purposes:

To establish criterion by which maintenance assets can be uniformly evaluated utilizing the software provided.To provide an illustrated guide to the methodology used to rate the maintenance condition of VDOT’s assets.

Assets can mean many things to many different people. In the Asset Management Division, assets are generally described as physical maintenance items (infrastructure) that require routine, preventive, repair or replace work activities to preserve their design serviceability. In asset management there is an optimal point at which serviceability can be retained/achieved at the lowest possible cost. Once that point is exceeded the amount of money required to return a given asset to a high serviceability level steadily increases.

The companion software program to the RCA manual has been designed to collect inventory and condition information related to VDOT’s extensive network of roadway assets. The program is based on a statistical sampling of highway segments containing multiple assets within the nine districts. Segment locations have been determined through random generation of inspection sites. The number of sites to evaluate has been calculated to achieve an acceptable level of confidence that the information being collected represents the likely level of service for rated assets statewide. Sampling is the first step towards the long-term goal of collecting and maintaining a comprehensive inventory and condition assessment of our major roadway infrastructure.

Within the software program that accompanies this manual, a link has been provided to the specific section of the training manual that defines and quantifies the data necessary to determine current condition of the asset being rated. The manual is divided into appropriate components that follow the collection requirements of the software. The typical arrangement of the manual is as follows:

Definition: Description of the asset being collected.Inventory: Information to quantify inventory data.Condition: Information to determine current level of serviceability.Pictures: Actual photographs of condition – usually distressed conditions.

Wherever possible this format has been followed, however given the large range of asset information being collected not all assets require the same level of information in order to determine condition. Each of the assets contained within the program has a specific set of inventory and condition requirements to meet the established objectives.

This is a network-level system of collection and is not intended to provide complete data in order to program specific work activities. Instead, the program determines statewide/district level needs per asset. Analysis of the data collected will ultimately be linked to repair/cost strategies that will then be converted into network-level information required to determine a realistic statewide needs-based budget. Needs, as determined by the collection activities, can then be categorized into treatment strategies. Each

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strategy represents the average cost to return a distressed asset to the specific service level.

The program is not intended to define a “pass/fail” condition for each asset. Instead, the software program determines a set of values expressed as a percentage or a number, for the asset being evaluated. This allows threshold values to be built into the business models for each asset (in much the same way as pavements are evaluated) that can then be used to calculate repair or replacement costs for specific asset types. This modeling allows VDOT to determine the level of activity and cost that will likely be needed to return an asset to a serviceable condition or to optimize its life-cycle. In terms of asset modeling, this approach means categorizing assets by the “opportune time to invest” or “less costly to repair” or “more costly to repair” (VDOT’s clean, prevent, repair or replace options).

Design of the manual/program stresses simplicity, and ease of use, yet like any software development effort, requires actual use before all user and system requirements can be incorporated. The computer program uses pointer/mouse selection options. A new pointer feature this year will be the inclusion of a 3-column drop-down table for entering numerical measurements such as feet or quantities.

Questions and comments about the manual or about the accompanying software program should be directed to:

Chuck Larson PE, PMPBusiness, Data & Quality Assurance Manager

Infrastructure Analysis SectionVDOT Asset Management Division

[email protected] (804) 371-2965

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mailto:[email protected]


PROGRAM OPERATIONPROGRAM OPERATION

The RCA program is designed to record conditions on maintenance assets. For each asset’s inventory information, simply select the default information unless otherwise needed. Only use this shortcut if the default values accurately describe the asset. If the default values do not accurately describe the asset, then enter/select each attribute one at a time. Default values are listed under each attribute in BLUE.

The only assets and attribute values that should be entered into the RCA program are those located within the limits of the sample segment length (528 feet). All program asset entry lengths cannot exceed 528 feet. When an asset’s attribute values are greater than 528 feet, then another asset entry must be made.

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GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING SHOULDER ASSETSGUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING SHOULDER ASSETS

This section of the manual outlines the attributes and collection details for the Random Condition Assessment (RCA) of non-hard (unpaved) shoulder assets. This is only for rating unpaved shoulders. All paved shoulders will be included in the district pavement program and will be evaluated by the district pavement engineers. Instructions on how to evaluate the non-hard shoulder assets are provided below.

UNPAVED SHOULDERS

Definition: The graded area or surface adjacent and parallel to the traveled way. Roadway shoulders provide several functions for the entire highway system. They provide an area of refuge in case of an emergency, lateral support for the pavement structure, improved drainage, and roadway delineation. Unpaved shoulders are to be considered from the outside edge of the pavement to the top of the ditch slope. Also, remember that if there is less than 1 foot of shoulder width, there is no shoulder. This can be of either aggregate or topsoil type materials.

Unpaved shoulders will not be rated on the Interstate system or on any stabilized (dirt/gravel) roadway.

Note that the possibility of 1.5“ or greater drop-off (either high or low) is to be captured in the condition of the sample segment at the outside edge of the pavement, where the unpaved shoulder is immediately adjacent to the traveled way.

Unpaved Shoulders Inventory Attributes:

Roadside LocationSelect Right or Left from the menu options.Default: Right

Unpaved Shoulder Length (Feet)Enter estimated length in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Default: 528 feet

Unpaved Shoulder Width (Feet)Enter estimated width in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Note: If the shoulder width is less than 1’ there is no shoulder present and do not rate. Default: 3 feet

Unpaved Shoulders Condition Attributes:

Is Shoulder Lower than 1.5 inches? Assess whether or not the shoulder drop-off is 1.5“ or less and select Yes or No. This attribute is to be considered where the unpaved shoulder is immediately adjacent to the traveled way. If Yes, enter the estimated length of the low shoulder in the Low Shoulder Length field using the numeric keypad in 1’ increments.

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Default: No

Is Shoulder Higher than 1.5 inches”Assess whether or not the shoulder height is more than 1.5” and select Yes or No. This attribute is to be considered where the unpaved shoulder is immediately adjacent to the traveled way. If Yes, enter the estimated length of the high shoulder in the High Shoulder Length field using the numeric keypad in 1’ increments. Default: No

Unpaved Shoulder high and low. Note: Shoulder location could also be left (blue lines)

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Unpaved ShoulderAdjacent to theTraveling Lane


Unpaved shoulder high

Unpaved Shoulder Wedges Inventory and Condition Attributes:Unpaved shoulder wedges greater than 18” in width are to be considered paved shoulders and not rated in this RCA.

Roadside LocationSelect Left or Right from the menu options.Default: Right

Shoulder Wedge TypeSelect Asphalt or Concrete from the menu choices.Default: Asphalt

Shoulder Wedge Width (Inches)Enter estimated width in inches using the numeric keypad in 1“ increments. Note: Entries greater than 18” do not apply.Default: 12 inches

Shoulder Wedge Length (Feet)Enter estimated length using the numeric keypad in 1’ increments. Entries greater than 528’ do not apply.

Rule: If there is no joint on the edge of the roadway, there is no Wedge. Note: Shoulder Wedges associated with unpaved shoulders are often used to correct drop off and/or run off the road issues. This occurs primarily in curved sections of the roadway but can also occur in straight sections. Default: 0 feet

Wedge Needs PatchingAssess whether portions of the wedge need patching. If the wedge has distress indicating structural problems, such as:

Significant cracking (>½”) or alligator cracking with spalling/material loss.Potholes >½” deep.Excessive rutting or edge raveling.

Enter the total estimated length of the patching required in the segment, using the numeric keypad in 1’ increments. Default: 0 feet

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Wedge needing patching

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FENCES

Definition: A barrier constructed to discourage unauthorized entry on the limited access portion of the right-of-way. The vast majority of roadway fencing is installed to prevent uncontrolled access of vehicles, pedestrians, and animals onto the roadway.

Fences Inventory Attributes:

Roadside LocationSelect the side of the roadway where the fence is located Right or Left from the menu options.Default: Right

Fence AccessibleAssess whether or not the fence to be rated is accessible in the field. Select Yes or No from the menu options.Default: Yes

Fence Length (Feet)Enter the total estimated length of the fence in 1’ increments in the segment using the numeric keypad. Default: 528 feet

Fence MaterialSelect the type of fence as Woven Wire or Chain Link from the menu options.Default: Woven Wire

Fence Post MaterialSelect the post material as Wood or Metal or Wood & Metal from the menu options.Default: Wood

Fences Condition Attributes:

Fence Down, Missing or Broken (Feet)Enter the total length of the down, missing or broken fence in the segment. Use the numeric keypad to record the estimated total length in 1’ increments.Default: 0 feet

Number of Broken Posts (Count)Enter the number of posts that require replacement due to breakage using the numeric keypad. Default: 0

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Fences requiring repair

Vegetation on Fence (Length)Assess the total length of fence that has weeds or vines growing on the fence or trees and brush that are leaning against the fence. Fences should be free of vegetation. Enter the total estimated length of the vegetation on the fence in the segment using the numeric keypad in 1’ increments. Default: 0 feet

Vegetation on fence

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GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DRAINAGE ASSETS

This section outlines the criteria to be used when assessing assets within the Drainage Asset Group. This asset group includes Cross Pipes, Paved and Unpaved Ditches, Edgedrains and Underdrains, Drop Inlets and Catch Basins, Curb and Gutter, Sidewalks and Entrances.

Surface and subsurface drainage systems combat two different problems arising from a single source, namely, the presence of water. Surface drainage provides for the interception, collection and removal of water from road surfaces and slope areas to reduce the risk of hydroplaning and flooding, as well as to minimize user inconvenience. Subsurface drainage systems, on the other hand, are installed to prevent moisture that infiltrates the pavement structures from weathering and degrading the pavement material.

PIPES – smaller than 36 square feet

Definition: A small drainage structure (total opening less than 36 square feet) with a circular/elliptical/box arch shape used on roads and driveways to carry stream flow and storm water runoff. Pipes and culverts provide a means of draining water underneath and parallel to the roadway. Commonly used materials for culverts are concrete and corrugated metal.

Pipes include single or multiple pipe culverts having a combined flow area of less than 36 ft2. Multiple culverts contained within a single end wall are to be considered as separate pipes. Single or multiple cross pipes with a combined opening of 36 ft2 or larger are classified as structural culverts and are not part of this assessment.

Cross pipes are typically oriented at an angle that is close to perpendicular to the roadway. Cross pipes begin and end at an open roadside ditch or drop inlet. Pipes that either begin or end in a storm drain system are not a part of this RCA, unless one end of the pipe is visible.

Pipes Inventory Attributes:

Design Type Select either Cross or Cross-over from the menu options.Default: Cross

Cross-over pipes

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Pipe ShapeSelect the shape of the pipe Round or Box from the menu options.Default: Round

Pipe Diameter/Box Size (Inches)Enter the estimated/measured diameter of the pipe in 1” increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 inches

Pipe Length (Feet)Enter the estimated/measured length of the pipe in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Pipe MaterialSelect the pipe material: Concrete or Corrugated Metal or Asphalt-Coated Corrugated Metal or Asphalt-Coated Concrete or Plastic or Not Accessible from the menu options.Default: Concrete

Depth of Fill (Feet)Enter the depth of fill in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Default: 0 feet

End TypeSelect None or End Section or End Wall from the menu options.Default: None

End section

Pipes Condition Attributes:

Pipe Clogged? (Inches)Pipes should be free of obstructions that impede water flow. Estimate the amount of silt or debris that is clogging the inside diameter of the pipe. The vertical distance from the bottom of the pipe to the top of the debris/obstruction should be measured and rated in 1” increments. Enter the measurement using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 inches

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Clogged pipes

Structurally Sound? Assess whether or not the pipe needs replacement (i.e. major structural deterioration). Select Yes or Replace or Repair from the menu options. Default: Yes

Pipe deterioration = structurally unsound Joint separation = structurally unsound

End Treatment DamagedSelect 0 or One or Both from menu options. End treatments are used to protect the pipe from hydraulic forces, to retain the embankment and improve hydraulic efficiency. Ends include end sections, curtain walls, wing walls, head walls or end protection devices, designed to protect the ends of pipes. If any of the following conditions that impact the ability of the end treatment to perform as intended are present, choose One or Both ends.End section, curtain wall, wing wall, head wall or end wall dislocated or not secured to the pipe, settled or heaved, about to drop off or undercut to the extent that it needs to be replaced.End sections crushed.Creases, cracks, tears. Heavy corrosion, which cannot be repaired with hand tools.Misalignment and settlement, extensive cracking, leaching, spalling or exposed reinforcing steel in end wall. Default: 0

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End protection loose = end damaged

Erosion (Linear Feet)Estimate/measure the amount of linear erosion, in 1’ increments, that impacts the ability of water to enter the pipe or that undermines stability. Enter the measurement using the numeric keypad. A stable soil envelope around the pipe is necessary to protect the pipe from hydraulic forces. Erosion at either end of the pipe should be minimal. If any of the following conditions that impact the structural integrity of the pipe or headwall or the ability of the pipe to perform as intended are present, record the length of visible erosion:

Channel or flow line scour that has resulted in removal of material within two feet of the structure. Evidence of seeping or piping at the end of, around or under the structure that has removed supporting material.Undermining of the structure, uplift or exposure of the pipe.Shoulder and embankment sags, slope slippage, wash out deterioration of the fill slope.

Default: 0 linear feet

An example of erosion around and alongside a pipe. Note: Native soil line is dashed to indicate that the soil line may not be level with the end of the pipe by design.

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Erosion present along sides and at ends of pipe

Erosion present at the ends of the pipe

Severe erosion along outside of pipe

Flowline Functional?Flowline functional indicates whether or not the drainage for the culvert is adequate. Pipes should flow from upstream to downstream, as designed. There should be no evidence of flooding either within the pipe or at the upstream end of the pipe. Silt and debris build up at the mouth of a pipe can affect the ability of water to enter the pipe as designed. This condition can create standing/ponding water at the entrance or along the roadway. Flooding is defined as a condition that causes water to backup at the entrance of a drainage structure and either presents a safety hazard for motorists or causes flooding/saturation of the pavement structure. If any of the following conditions are present rate this attribute as “No”:

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The inlet or outlet channel does not have a positive slope.There is significant silt and debris buildup within two feet of the mouth of the pipe or end treatment.The pipe is underwater. There is evidence of flooding, standing/ponding water at the entrance or along the roadway or water jumping over the pipe or road or other water damage.There is scour on the embankment above the pipe or shoulder erosion.

The flow line is misaligned.Default: Yes

Evidence of flooding

Cross pipe with standing water

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PAVED DITCHES

Definition: A drainage source designed to protect slopes and roadways from erosion and drain the road base to prevent saturation and loss of support. Paved ditches are lined with concrete or asphalt and are used to take water from the roadway and direct it well away from the road structure. The ditch may just hold the water depending on the terrain and the water table. To assure proper velocity of water flow, a ditch must be constructed on a satisfactory grade.

Paved ditches are ditches that are lined with either Portland cement concrete or asphalt concrete to prevent erosion and improve flow capabilities. Most paved ditches are constructed with Portland cement concrete. In some cases, paved ditches may contain Rip Rapped sections (from previous repairs) that are part of the flow line of the ditch. Evaluate the Rip Rap section the same as paved ditch. Paved ditches will be measured (counted) as a separate asset (each), where the flow of water is changed in any manner (i.e., at intersections, drop inlets, energy diffuser/absorption, etc).

Paved Ditches Inventory Attributes:

Roadside LocationSelect Left or Right or Median from the menu options.Default: Right

Paved Ditch Length (Feet)Enter the estimated length of the paved ditch in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 528 feet

Paved Ditch Material Select the paved ditch material Concrete or Asphalt from the menu options. Default: Concrete

Paved Ditches Condition Attributes:

Flow Line Functional?Ditches, like pipes, should flow from upstream to downstream, as designed. There should be no evidence of flooding either within the ditch or at the ends. Silt, leaves and debris build up in the ditch and can affect the ability of water to flow through the ditch. Flooding is defined as a condition that causes water to back up at the entrance of a drainage structure and can present a safety hazard for motorists or can cause flooding/saturation/erosion of the pavement structure or adjacent area to ditch. Enter Yes if there are no obstructions or defects impeding the water flow or No if there are obstructions impeding the water flow. Note: Minor sedimentation and small debris that would be carried away by a typical rainfall should not be considered. Obstructions (severe sedimentation, debris build-up) that prevent the paved ditch from adequately draining as designed should not be present.Default: Yes

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Hand Clean Length (Feet)Assess the type of debris contained in the ditch that is impacting flow line function. If the debris can be removed by hand cleaning, enter the total length of the debris field(s) to be removed in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Hand Clean Criteria (all conditions must be met):

Material depth is 12” or less, this includes rocks < than 12”, tree limbs or logs < 12” in diameter and 3’ to 4’ in length.Segment to be cleaned is 10’ or less in length with overall hand clean segments of ditch not to exceed 10% of total ditch length.No material is removed from site.

Default: 0 feet

Hand Clean Depth (Feet)Estimate the average depth of the debris in the ditch to be hand cleaned. Enter the depth in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Note: Enter either 0’ of depth for no hand cleaning or 1’ in depth maximum.Default: 0 feet

Machine Clean Length (Feet)Assess the type of debris contained in the ditch that is impacting flow line function. If the debris needs to be removed by machine cleaning, enter the total length of the debris field(s) to be removed in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Machine Clean Criteria: Any of the hand cleaning conditions not met makes the ditch machine cleaning.Default: 0 feet

Obstruction of water flow impacting flow line functionality

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Machine Clean Depth (Feet)Estimate the average depth of the debris in the ditch to be machine cleaned. Enter the depth in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Paved Ditch Structural DistressAssess the amount of structural distress present in the paved ditch that requires replacement of the section(s) of the ditch. Conditions such as settlement greater than 1 inch, significant cracking, undermining/undercutting and spalling negatively impacting the ditch structural integrity are indicators of distress. Enter the total length of the ditch to be replaced where these conditions are present in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Structural settlement greater than or equal to 1”

Paved ditch highly eroded and undercut causing settlement, cracking and undermining

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Paved ditch undercut and eroded, with severe undermining and high erosion

Severe undermining and high erosion Spalled area

Ditch Erosion Length (Feet)Estimate the amount of erosion present alongside the paved ditch. Enter the length of the erosion alongside/around the ditch in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Ditch Erosion SeverityAssess the severity of the erosion present alongside/around the ditch. Select Low or High from the menu options.Note: High erosion would be erosion greater than 6” in depth that requires significant repair (i.e. Rip Rap installed) along the side of the ditch. Low erosion would be erosion less than 6” in depth that requires minimal repair (i.e. raking/filling and re-seeding area along the side of the ditch [see pictures under “Structural Distress”].Default: Low

Outfall Blocked?Assess whether or not the outfall is blocked and select No or Yes from the menu options. Note: Outfalls should provide positive drainage as designed and should not exhibit severe erosion.Default: No

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Outfall blocked (underwater)

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UNPAVED DITCHES

Definition: A drainage source constructed of natural soil and lined with grass, sod, gravel, riprap or soil. Ditches are designed to take water from the roadway and direct it away from the road structure. The ditch may just hold the water depending on the terrain and the water table in the area. Unpaved ditches may be oriented parallel or perpendicular to the roadway. To assure proper velocity of water flow, a ditch must be constructed on a satisfactory grade. Unpaved ditches should be measured (counted) as a separate section (each), where the flow of water is changed (i.e. at intersections, drop inlets, energy diffuser/absorption, etc).

Unpaved Ditches Inventory Attributes:


Unpaved Ditch Length (Feet)Enter the estimated length of the paved ditch in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 528 feet

Unpaved Ditch MaterialSelect the material type Dirt (Grass) or Rip Rap from the menu options.Default: Dirt (Grass)

Unpaved Ditches Condition Attributes:

Flow line Functional?Ditches, like pipes, should flow from upstream to downstream, as designed. There should be no evidence of flooding either within the ditch or at the ends. Silt, leaves and debris build-up in the ditch can affect the ability of water to flow through the ditch as designed. Flooding is defined as a condition that causes water to back up at the entrance of a drainage structure and can present a safety hazard for motorists or can cause flooding/saturation/erosion of the pavement structure or adjacent area to ditch. Enter Yes if there are no obstructions or defects impeding the water flow. Enter No if there are obstructions impeding the water flow. Obstructions (severe sedimentation, debris build-up) that prevent the ditch from adequately draining should not be present. Note: Minor sedimentation and small debris that would be carried away by a typical rainfall should not be considered. Default: Yes

Flow line not functioning properly

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Obstruction of flow of water – sedimentation, debris

Hand Clean Length (Feet)Assess the type of debris contained in the ditch that is impacting flow line function. If the debris can be removed by hand cleaning, enter the total length of the debris field(s) to be removed in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Hand Clean Criteria (all conditions must be met):

Material depth is 12” or less, this includes rocks < than 12”, tree limbs or logs < 12” in diameter and 3’ to 4’ in length.Segment to be cleaned is 10’ or less in length with overall hand clean segments of ditch not to exceed 10% of total ditch length.No material is removed from site.

Default: 0 feet

Hand Clean Depth (Feet)Estimate the average depth of the debris in the ditch to be hand cleaned. Enter the depth in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Note: Enter either 0’ of depth for no hand cleaning; or 1’ in depth maximum.Default: 0 feet

Machine Clean Length (Feet)Assess the type of debris contained in the ditch that is impacting flow line function. If the debris needs to be removed by machine cleaning, enter the total length of the debris field(s) to be removed in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Machine Clean Criteria: Any of the hand cleaning conditions not met makes the ditch machine cleaning.Default: 0 feet

Machine Clean Depth (Feet)Estimate the average depth of the debris in the ditch to be machine cleaned. Enter the depth in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Outfall Blocked?Assess whether or not the outfall is blocked and select No or Yes from the menu options. Note: Outfalls should provide positive drainage as designed and should not exhibit severe erosion.

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Default: No

Outfalls obstructed and not functioning Sediment obstructing flow of water

Ditch Erosion Length (Feet)Enter the length of any erosion alongside/around the ditch in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Ditch Erosion SeverityAssess the severity of the erosion present alongside/around the ditch. Select Low or High from the menu options.Note: High erosion would be erosion greater than 6” in depth that requires significant repair (i.e. Rip Rap installed) along the side of the ditch. Low erosion would be erosion less than 6“ in depth that requires minimal repair (i.e. raking/filling and re-seeding area along the side of the ditch. Default: Low

High (severe) erosion along ditch

Ditch in Low or Tidal Area?Assess whether or not the ditch is located in a low or tidal area. Select No or Yes from the menu options.Default: No

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DROP INLETS & CATCH BASINS

Definition: Drop inlets and catch basins are drainage structures in a curb and gutter system or at any other low point that directs water from the surface run-off and transports it into a culvert or storm sewer system. These drainage structures may be located in a paved area or in an unpaved drainage ditch.

Drop Inlets & Catch Basins Inventory Attributes:


DI/CB Construction MaterialEnter the material type. Select Concrete or Asphalt or Block from the menu options.Default: Concrete

Drop Inlets & Catch Basins Condition Attributes:

Apron Damaged?Assess damage to apron and select No or Yes from the menu options.An apron is a widened, flat, armored area, level to slightly sloping located at the entrance or low-energy discharge point of the conveyance structure that protects the structure from erosion. If any of the following conditions are present rate as Yes:

Significant cracking >/or equal to ½” wide.Significant spalling >/or equal to 1” deep.Alligator cracking > 40% of area (asphalt only).Displacement/settlement/heaving-vertical misalignment of 1” or greater, measured at the joints and within the slab.Structural failure.Significant edge failure.The flow line entering the structure does not have a positive slope. There is ponding, standing water or other water damage. The flow line is misaligned or flow is diverted.

Default: No

Apron Width to Replace (Feet)If apron is damaged, enter the width to replace in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Apron Length to Replace (Feet)If apron is damaged, enter the length to replace in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Blockage Surface Opening (%) Enter the percentage of opening blockage using the numeric keypad. Blockage can be caused by severe sedimentation or debris build-up. Note: Litter should not be considered in this inspection.

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Default: 0%

Surface blockage

Blockage in ChamberAssess the chamber to determine if it is clear or blocked. Enter No or Yes from the menu options. Enter Yes if debris obstructs the opening of the pipe, to the extent that over 50% of the diameter is restricted. Note: Litter should not be considered in this inspection. Blockage can be caused by severe sedimentation or debris build-up. However, large debris such as lumber, hub caps, shopping carts, etc. should be considered.Default: No

Chamber not blocked Chamber blocked with debris

Erosion Surrounding Structure?Assess the presence of erosion around DI/CB. Select No or Yes from the menu options. If any of the following conditions are present rate this attribute as Yes:

Any channel or flow line scour that has resulted in removal of material within 2’ of the structure.Seeping or piping at the end of, around or under the structure, that has removed supporting material.Undermining of the structure, uplift or exposure of the structure.

Default: No

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Erosion around structure

Grate Broken/MissingAssess the condition of the grate, frame, manhole cover and collar. Select None by Design or Intact or Broken or Missing from the menu options. If there is no grate by design, select None by Design or Intact. There should be no broken bars, broken sections or significant cracks in the grate or manhole cover and the frame and collar should fully support the casting.Default: None by Design or Intact

Grate broken Grate open/functional

Visual Evidence of Ponding Water?Assess if there is evidence of flooding causing water to pond around catch basin/drop inlet. Select No or Yes from menu options. Visual evidence of ponding water indicates whether or not the drainage for the drop inlet or catch basin is adequate. There should be no evidence of flooding either at the structure or directly upstream from the structure. Silt and debris build up at the grate can affect the ability of water to enter the structure as designed. This condition can create standing/ponding water at the entrance or along the roadway. Flooding is defined as a condition that causes water to back up at the entrance of a drainage structure and either presents a safety hazard for motorists or causes flooding/saturation of the pavement structure. If any of the following conditions are present rate this attribute as Yes:

The flow line entering the structure does not have a positive slope. There is significant silt and debris buildup within 2’ of the entrance.

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The structure is underwater. There is evidence of water jumping over the structure, ditch-line, apron, curb or road.There is scour on the slope adjacent to the structure. There is ponding, standing water or other water damage. The flow line of the approach gutter misaligned or flow is diverted.

Default: No

Evidence of flooding/ponding water

Observable Structural Deficiency (% of Area) Assess this structural integrity/condition of the DI/CB. There should not be any damage, cracking or spalling that will affect the structural capabilities or flow characteristics of the structure. If the following structural deficiencies are present, enter the percentage of the area as 100%, using the numeric keypad. Note: Do not include damage to the apron, grate or nose for this attribute.

Exposed steel. Obvious severe accidental hits.Structural failure. Failed throat or drainage slot over inlet opening.Significant delaminations or spalling >/= 1” deep.Significant cracking >/= ½” wide.

If none of the above conditions are found, use the default of 0%.Default: 0%

Structurally deficient = 100%

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Nose or Trim Damaged?Assess nose or trim damage and select No or Yes from menu options.Note: Damage can occur to the concrete surface, where there are broken edges or the galvanized plate is damaged.Default: No

Nose/Trim damage

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EDGEDRAINS & UNDERDRAINS

Definition: A slotted or perforated pipe surrounded by a coarse stone fill with a sand filter on the outer edges of a trench. Edgedrains (ED) and Underdrains (UD) are synonymous and are longitudinal drains located along the edge-shoulder joint or along the edge of the shoulder. These drains are typically oriented parallel to the roadway and outlet to the adjacent roadway ditch every few hundred feet. The drains may be comprised of pipes or prefabricated geo-composite materials. Generally, the outlets consist of pipes.

Without specialized cameras and equipment, Edgedrains/Underdrains cannot be inspected. However, the drain outlets can be visually inspected without any specialized equipment.

Edgedrains and Underdrains Inventory Attributes:

Roadside LocationSelect Right or Left or Median from the menu options.Default: Right

Construction Material of End-ProtectionSelect the material type of the end-protection. Choose Concrete or Asphalt or No End Protection from the menu options.Default: Concrete

Edgedrains and Underdrains Condition Attributes:

Erosion Around Drain?Assess the presence of erosion under and/or around the ED/UD. Select Yes or No from the menu options. If any of the following conditions are present rate this attribute as Yes:

Any channel or flow line scour that has resulted in removal of material within two feet of the structure.Seeping or piping at the end of, around or under the structure, that has removed supporting material.Undermining of the structure, hydrostatic uplift or exposure of the structure.

Default: No

Designed End Protection DamageAssess any damage to the ED/UD end. If the end protection is damaged or loose, enter Yes from the menu options. If there is no damage and the end protection is secure, enter No from the menu options. The end protection at the downstream end of the outlet pipes should be present, intact and attached to the outlet pipe.Default: No

Blocked/Crushed?Assess whether or not the ED/UD pipe is blocked or crushed. Select Yes or No from the menu options. Enter Yes if debris obstructs the opening of the pipe to the extent that over 50% of the diameter is restricted or if the outlet pipes for the ED/UD system are crushed or deteriorated. Note: Blockage may prevent water flow and cause the pavement structure to become flooded. The outlet pipe for the ED/UD system should not be filled with sediment or

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debris. Rodent nests should not be present. Ideally, screens will be present and functional. Blockage can be caused by severe sedimentation or debris build-up. Litter should not be considered in this inspection. However, large debris should be considered in assessing blockage. Default: No

Outlet pipe crushed

Marker PresentSelect Yes or No from the menu options (see picture). Note: In some cases a UD or CD marker will be present although the actual ED or UD cannot be found. In these cases do not rate; do not save the asset entry. Default: No

Screen ConditionAssess the condition of the screen. Select Intact or Damaged or Missing or N/A from the menu options. Note: If it is apparent that the ED/UD was designed not to have a screen, select N/A from the drop-down menu.Default: Intact

Screen missing Marker present

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CURB & GUTTER

Definition: This drainage structure delineates areas where vehicles are expected to travel, and along with the gutter serves as a channeling device for storm water. It will channel water along the edge of the street until it can enter the storm water drainage system through a curb inlet.

Curb and gutter is typically located along ramps, urban sections, and other locations. In most instances, curb and gutter consists of Portland cement concrete. However, curb and gutter occasionally consist of cut stone or asphalt concrete. In urban areas rate sidewalk and or curb and gutter continuous from intersection (cross street) to intersection. Do not break at entrances.

Curb & Gutter Inventory Attributes:

Roadside LocationSelect Left or Right or Median from the menu options. Default: Right

Curb/Gutter Design TypeEnter the design type CG-6 or CG-7 or CG-2 or CG-3 or MC-3 or Gutter Only from the menu options.Default: CG-6

CG-6 CG-7

MC-3 Gutter only

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CG-2 CG-3

Curb/Gutter Length (Feet)Enter the estimated length of the curb and gutter in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 528 feet

Curb & Gutter Condition Attributes:

Structurally Not Functional? (Feet)Assess the amount of the curb and gutter that is not functional. If any of the following visual indicators are present, enter the estimated length of the curb and gutter not functional in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.

Significant unsealed cracks >/or equal to ½” wide.Significant spalling >/or equal to 1” deep.Alligator cracking > 40% of the surface area (asphalt only).Displacement/settlement/heaving-vertical misalignment along the curb and gutter of 1” or greater, measured at the joints and within the curb and gutter.Significant edge raveling.Undermining-collapsed flow line or erosion that extends under the curb and gutter structure.

Default: 0 feet

Severe undermining/erosion Severe damage

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Surface spalling

Low Curb Reveal (Feet)Enter the estimated length of curb with less than 4” reveal in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Low curb reveal

Flow Line Interruptions (Feet)Estimate the number of linear feet of gutter that has an obstructed flow line. Enter the length in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Obstructions to flow can be caused by severe sedimentation, debris build-up, leaves or grass and weeds growing up through the gutter joints. Litter should not be considered in this inspection.Default: 0 feet

Obstructions impeding water flow

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SIDEWALKS

Definition: A paved path provided for pedestrian traffic to travel safely in conjunction with vehicular traffic. Sidewalks include all paved pedestrian walkways. The sidewalks may consist of Portland cement concrete, asphalt concrete, brick or cobblestone materials. In urban areas, rate sidewalks continuous from intersection (cross street) to intersection. Do not break at entrances.

Sidewalks Inventory Attributes:

Roadside LocationSelect Left or Right or Median from the menu options. Default: Right

Sidewalk Length (Feet)Enter the estimated length in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 528 feet

Sidewalk Construction MaterialSelect the sidewalk material type Concrete or Asphalt or Exposed Aggregate or Cobblestone or Brick from the menu options. Default: Concrete

Sidewalks Condition Attributes:

Structurally Not Functional (Feet)Enter the estimated length of the non-functional sidewalk in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Evaluate the following distresses, which would indicate that the sidewalk is structurally not functional and potentially dangerous to pedestrians:

Significant cracking [threshold to be defined in training] or severe alligator cracking with spalling/material loss (asphalt only).Potholes > ½” deep.Excessive edge raveling.Misaligned or heaved sections or settlement > ¾”.

Default: 0 feet

Large amount of surface spalling Severe settlement

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Number of Ramps to Replace (Count)Assess any ramps present and enter the number that need replacing due to severe damage or structural deterioration using the numeric keypad. Evaluate the following distresses, which would indicate that the ramp is structurally not functional and would be potentially dangerous:

Significant cracking is defined as ½” or severe alligator cracking with spalling/material loss (asphalt only).Potholes > ½” deep.Excessive edge raveling.Misaligned or heaved sections or settlement > ¾”.

Default: 0

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ENTRANCES

Definition: Entrances are generally classified as private or commercial and in both cases may consist of one or more pipes laid length-wise in existing drainage swales to allow access to property across state right-of-way. Paved entrances commonly consist of either asphalt or concrete, and may or may not contain head/end walls. For a basic visual reference, if a curb cut is present, there is an entrance.

Typically, in private driveways in rural locations, entrance pipes are covered with aggregate (stone) or other standard fill material. Entrance pipes are a significant part of the statewide drainage system, however due to the shared responsibility under which entrances are built and maintained, care should be taken when collecting inventory and condition information.

In some cases, elaborate and ornamental entrance structure posts can be found marking driveway entrances – these typically do not belong to VDOT. The following information should be helpful in evaluating entrances:

Private Entrances: VDOT is responsible for that portion of the entrance within the normal shoulder. VDOT may periodically add shoulder stone to the portion of the entrance on the right-of-way.In curb and gutter sections with sidewalk where VDOT maintains the sidewalk, VDOT is responsible for the maintenance of the entrance to the back edge of the sidewalk.In curb and gutter sections without sidewalk, or where VDOT is not responsible for the sidewalk, VDOT is responsible for the maintenance of the entrance only to a line two (2) feet behind the gutter line.

Commercial Entrances: The owner of the property is responsible for maintaining commercial entrances in a manner satisfactory to VDOT. However, where safety to motorists or inadequate drainage impacts the functionality of the drainage system, VDOT may maintain portions of these entrances.VDOT may periodically add shoulder stone to the portion of the entrance on the right-of-way.In curb and gutter sections with sidewalk where VDOT maintains the sidewalk, VDOT is responsible for the maintenance of the entrance to the back edge of the sidewalk.In curb and gutter sections without sidewalk, or where VDOT is not responsible for the sidewalk, VDOT is responsible for the maintenance of the entrance only to a line two (2) feet behind the gutter line.

As seen from the definitions above, entrances can consist of paved or unpaved cover; can belong to VDOT; are often complicated by driveways and sidewalks; and are difficult to assess when the question arises around responsibility of maintenance. The goal of this collection process is to identify significant maintenance problems that are VDOT’s responsibility and not necessarily to inventory the network of entrances found within our right-of-way. As a general rule-of-thumb, collect sidewalk, curb and gutter and/or shoulder information under the specific category related to those assets. In urban areas,

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rate sidewalk and or curb and gutter continuous from intersection (cross street) to intersection. Do not break at entrances. Where the entrance can be treated as a separate maintenance asset and the responsibility of VDOT is clear, collect the asset information indicated below.

Entrances Inventory & Condition Attributes:

Roadside LocationSelect Right or Left from the menu options.Default: Right

Entrance Design TypeSelect Private: no pipe or Commercial: no pipe or Private: pipe or Commercial: pipe from the menu options.

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Default: Private: no pipe

Entrance Width (Feet)Enter the width of the entrance in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 15 feet

Entrance Cover MaterialEnter the material type Gravel or Asphalt or Concrete or Timber or Dirt (Grass) from the menu options.Default: Gravel

Pipe ShapeSelect the shape of the pipe: Round or Box from the menu options.Default: Round

Pipe Diameter/Box Size (Inches)Enter the estimated diameter of the pipe in 1” increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 15 inches

Pipe Length (Feet)Enter the estimated length of the pipe in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 24 feet

Pipe MaterialSelect the pipe material: Concrete or Corrugated Metal or Asphalt-Coated Corrugated Metal or Asphalt-Coated Concrete or Plastic from the menu options.Default: Corrugated Metal

Depth of Fill (Feet)Enter the depth of fill in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Default: 1 feet

End TypeSelect None/Custom or End Section or End Wall from the menu options. Note: If the end type looks like a standard VDOT installation, rate as either an End Section or End Wall.Default: None/Custom

Entrance Cover Material Adequate?Select Yes if the material over entrance pipe is smooth and intact. If the following defects are present which impact either the structural integrity or the surface integrity of the flexible or rigid surface over approximately 50% of the surface area, choose Half-replace Concrete. If the defects occur over more than 50% of the surface area, choose Full-replace Concrete.

Cracking >/= ½” wide.Spalling >/= 1” deep.Alligator cracking.

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Displacement/settlement/heaving-vertical misalignment along the curb and gutter of 1” or greater, measured at the joints and within the curb and gutter.Significant edge raveling.

Note: If the cover material has ruts, washboard or corrugations greater than 2”, significant erosion or potholes > ½” deep and 6’ x 6’, which impact serviceability, choose Add Stone. Default: Yes

Pipe Clogged? (Inches)Pipes should be free of obstructions that impede water flow. Estimate the amount of silt or debris that is clogging the inside diameter of the pipe. The vertical distance from the bottom of the pipe to the top of the debris/obstruction should be measured and rated in 1” increments. Enter the measurement using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 inches

Pipe clogged

Structurally Sound?Select Yes or No (Replace) from the menu options. Default: Yes

Pipe deterioration = structurally unsound

Several conditions impact the overall integrity or safety of the pipe. In general, pipes should be inspected for cross sectional shape, joint and seam defects, localized damage, blockage and cross sectional damage.

Localized damage

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Consider the following conditions when rating this attribute as No (replace):Pipe wall damage such as dents, bulges, creases, cracks and tears. Crushed sections. Heavy corrosion.Settlement. Exposed reinforcing steel. Extensive dis-bonding of protective coating.

Pipe End DamagedAssess damage to pipe end(s). Select 0 or One or Both from the menu.Note: VDOT does not maintain homeowner-installed pipe ends/walls and these should not be rated if obviously not VDOT constructed. End treatments are used to protect the pipe from hydraulic forces, to retain the embankment and improve hydraulic efficiency. Ends include end sections, curtain walls, wing walls, headwalls or end protection devices, designed to protect the ends of pipes. They also include the pipe invert or outlet if there is no end protection. If any of the following conditions – that impact the ability of the end to perform as intended – are present choose One or Both ends:

End section, curtain wall, wing wall, head wall or end wall dislocated or not secured to the pipe, settled or heaved, about to drop off or undercut to the extent that it needs to be replaced.Metal pipe ends or end sections crushed.Creases, cracks, tears, heavy corrosion, which cannot be hand-repaired.Misalignment and settlement, extensive hairline cracking, cracking, delaminations, leaching, spalling or exposed reinforcing steel in end wall.Significant scour and undermining or exposed footing at curtain walls, wing walls, end walls or head walls.Default: 0

Pipe end damaged

Flow Line Functional?Flow line functional indicates whether or not the drainage for the culvert is adequate. Pipes should flow from upstream to downstream, as designed. There should be no evidence of flooding either within the pipe or at the upstream end of the pipe. Silt and debris build up at the mouth of a pipe can affect the ability of water to enter the pipe as designed. This condition can create standing/ponding water at the entrance or along the roadway. Flooding is defined as a condition

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that causes water to backup at the entrance of a drainage structure and either presents a safety hazard for motorists or causes flooding/saturation of the pavement structure. If any of the following conditions are present select No from the menu options:

The inlet or outlet channel does not have a positive slope. There is significant silt and debris buildup within 2’ of the mouth of the pipe or end treatment.The pipe is underwater. There is evidence of flooding or water damage, standing/ponding water at the entrance or along the roadway or water jumping over the pipe or road.There is scour on the embankment above the pipe or shoulder erosion.The flow line misaligned.

If the flow line is functioning properly, select Yes from the menu options.Default: Yes

Significant debris build-up Pipe is underwater/standing water

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GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING TRAFFIC ASSETSGUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING TRAFFIC ASSETS

This section of the manual outlines the criteria to be used for RCA of traffic assets. The assets in the traffic group include signs, pavement markings, pavement markers, guardrail, guardrail end treatments and traffic barriers. Instructions on how to evaluate traffic assets are provided below.

SIGNS

Definition: A traffic control device mounted on a support above the level of the roadway that is intended to communicate specific information to road users through a word or symbol legend.

Signs consist of all ground (post-mounted) and overhead signs located along the roadway and include regulator, warning, informational and route designator signs. These are defined as follows:

Regulatory signs inform highway users of traffic laws or regulations and indicate the legal requirements that would otherwise not be apparent. Examples: stop, yield, speed limit, turn arrows, lane control.

Warning signs are deemed necessary to warn traffic of existing or potentially hazardous conditions on or adjacent to the roadway. Examples: generally yellow signs, hill, railroad, advanced crossing, dead end, advisory speed, school.

Informational signs are essential for directing motorists; identifying intersecting routes; identifying geographical locations and distances; and directing motorists to towns, cities, and other important destinations. Examples: tourist, recreation.

Route designator signs provide route number and directional information. Signs Inventory Attributes:


Support Design TypeAssess the type of support present. Select GM: 1-post or GM: 2-post or GM: 3-post or Span or Bridge/Wall/Barrier Mount or Cantilever or Light Pole/Other from the menu options. Notes: GM = Ground Mount. Cantilever is an overhead sign support on a mast arm fixed at only one end, on a vertical post.Default: GM: 1-post

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Ground Mount (GM): 1-Post Cantilever

Span Bridge/Wall/Barrier mount

Support MaterialSelect Wood 4x4 or Wood 6x6 or Wood 8x8 or Pozloc or I-Beam or Steel Square or Steel Channel (U-post) from the menu options.Default: Wood 4x4

Breakaway?Select Yes or No from the menu options if breakaway posts are present.Default: Yes

Sign by Type (Count)Enter the numbers of signs on a support structure by type of sign. Menu choices:

Specialty Standard (< 20 ft2)Specialty (>/= 20 ft2)Regulatory (red)Regulatory (white)Interstate ShieldDesignator (white)Warning (yellow)Informational (green)Informational (blue)Informational (brown)VG-4

Enter numbers for each sign type using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 for each sign type

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Interstate Shield & Designator (white) Specialty sign >/= 20 ft2

VG-4 and Regulatory (Red)

Specialty Sign Height (Feet)Estimate the height of any specialty sign greater than or equal to 20 ft2 in size. Enter in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Default: 0 feet

Specialty Sign Width (Feet)Estimate the width of any specialty sign greater than or equal to 20 ft2 in size. Enter the width in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Default: 0 feet

Signs Condition Attributes:

Post OK?Assess post(s) condition and select Yes or No from the menu options. If the post is leaning or damaged, select No.Default: Yes

Signs Damaged by Type (Count)Enter the numbers of damaged signs on a support structure by type of sign. Menu choices:

Specialty Standard (< 20 ft2)Specialty (>/= 20 ft2)Regulatory (red)Regulatory (white)Interstate ShieldDesignator (white)

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Warning (yellow)Informational (green)Informational (blue)Informational (brown)VG-4

Enter numbers damaged for each sign type using the numeric keypad.Notes: If there are any missing letters, numbers or symbols and the sign is not readable, it is considered damaged. Damage would include bullet holes, large dents, dirt, graffiti, cracking and blistering, missing reflective material, fading). Signs down are to be counted as damaged. Default: 0 for each sign type

Damaged signs

Sign Obstructed from View?Assess the visibility of the sign. Select No or Yes from the menu options.Notes: All signs shall be completely free of brush, trees, vegetation, and other obstructions that prevent passing motorist from adequately viewing the sign. Signs should be visible such that motorists traveling at posted speeds are able to read, interpret, and react to the sign’s message within an adequate time frame. Default: No

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PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Definition: In some cases pavement markings supplement regulations or warnings of other devices such as traffic signs or signals. Pavement markings used alone can produce results not obtainable by using any other device. Pavement markings have the advantage of conveying warnings or information without diverting the driver’s attention from the roadway. Pavement markings include the pavement striping used to delineate traffic lanes and pavement edges. Note: Pavement markings may consist of solid lines or skip lines that are yellow or white. In addition, pavement markings may consist of paint, latex, epoxy, thermoplastic or tape.

Pavement Markings Inventory Attributes:

Type of LineSelect Solid or Skip or Double Solid or Passing Zone (Solid/Skip) from the menu options.Default: Solid

Line MaterialSelect Latex or B-6 Tape or Thermoplastic or Epoxy from the menu options.Default: Latex

Line Length (Feet)Enter the estimated length of the line in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 528 feet

Line Width (Inches)Select 4-inch or 8-inch or 12-inch from the menu options.Default: 4-inch

Pavement Markings Condition Attributes:

Line Damage (Feet)Estimate/measure the amount (length) of line damage. Enter the length in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Notes: All pavement markings should be visible/free of debris (i.e., spilled joint sealant, spilled paint, tar, etc.). If markings are obscured rate as damaged and enter the length in feet. Litter or any other loose debris don’t apply.Default: 0 feet

Damaged lines/Pavement markings

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PAVEMENT MARKERS

Definition: A “reflectorized” marker placed on or in the roadway to supplement pavement markings in an effort to provide additional delineation at night and in inclement weather conditions. Pavement markers consist of the reflective markers that are placed either on or in the pavement surface to assist with lane delineation and to direct traffic. Raised markers are placed directly on the pavement surface, whereas recessed markers are placed in a groove cut in the pavement surface. In the later case, the top of the marker is flush with the pavement surface. Pavement markers are installed using a variety of adhesives manufactured in a variety of colors and can be either mono-directional or bi-directional (reflectors in both front and back).

Pavement Markers Inventory Attributes:

Markers TypeSelect the type of material as Raised or Recessed from the menu options.Default: Raised

Raised Marker Recessed Marker

Pavement Marker Length (Feet)Estimate/measure the length of the pavement marker present. Enter the length in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Default: 528 feet

Spacing of Markers (Feet)Estimate the spacing of the markers present. Select the spacing between markers 80 feet or 20 feet or 40 feet from the menu options.Default: 80 feet

Pavement Markers Condition Attributes:

Number of Markers Missing, Damaged or Obstructed (Count)Enter the number of markers that are missing, have damaged lenses or casting keels or are not visible (obstructed) using the numeric keypad. Notes: All of the pavement marker lenses should be free from debris (i.e., spilled joint sealant, spilled paint, tar, etc.) so as to be visible; if not count. Litter, or any other loose debris, should not be considered in this assessment.Default: 0

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Pavement markers missing Damaged pavement marker

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GUARDRAIL

Definition: Guardrail is a barrier installed on the right-of-way to reduce the potential for, and severity of, accidents involving vehicles running off the road. Guardrail is designed to gently contain, hold and redirect a vehicle back onto the roadway if it should leave the travel lane. It is an important safety feature of any roadway system and should have minimal deficiencies in order to perform properly.

Some typical obstacles that may be shielded by guardrail include bridge abutments and piers, severely sloped ditches, high mast lighting poles, non-breakaway sign supports, permanent bodies of water, retaining walls, large trees, playgrounds and schools. Guardrail may also be used to separate two-way traffic.

For each type of guardrail, the posts, offset blocks, anchor assemblies, and rail are to be inspected. Please assess each run of rail separately. Attachments to guardrail such as delineators, reflectors and tape are not a part of the RCA.

Guardrail Inventory Attributes:


Guardrail TypeSelect the type of guardrail from the menu options. Note: Characteristics of each type are listed below:Default: GR-2

GR-2 (STD 501.04)Strong post blocked-out W-beam system.Top of the W-beam is 27” to 28” above ground.Standard post spacing is 6’ 3”.A variation called GR-2A has post spacing of 3’ 1.5 ”. The reduced post spacing is a stiffening method often used in areas where reduced deflection is needed.

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GR-8 (STD 501.14)Weak post W-beam system.Top of the W-beam is 32¼” above ground.Standard post spacing is 12’ 6”; GR8A: 6’ 3”; GR-8B: 3’ 1.5”; GR-8C: 4’ 2”.

GR-3 (STD 501.06)Weak post cable system.3 cables with 3” vertical separation; Top cable is 27” to 28” above ground.Standard post spacing is 16’.

GR-1 (Not NCHRP 350 approved)Strong post W-beam system with no blockout.Standard post spacing is 12’ 6”.Includes box beam and non-standard guardrail.

GR-1 strong post Box beam

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MB-3 (STD 501.41)Blocked-out W-beam median barrier (strong post system).Double-sided guardrail.Standard post spacing is 6’ 3”.

MB-5Standard W-beam median barrier (weak post system).Double-sided guardrail.Standard post spacing is 12’ 6”; MB-5A: 6’ 3”; MB-5B: 3’ ½”.

Guardrail Length (Feet)Enter the total estimated length of guardrail in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Guardrail MaterialSelect the type of guardrail material Metal or Rusticated Steel or Wood from the menu options. Note: When selecting Wood choose guardrail type as GR-1.Default: Metal

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Rusticated (588) guardrail

Blockout MaterialSelect the type of blockout material as Metal or Composite or Wood or No Blockout from the menu options. Note: Blockouts only apply to GR-2 and GR-2A type guardrail. Wood and composite blockouts satisfy NCHRP 350 requirements. Metal blockouts do not.Default: Metal

Guardrail Post MaterialSelect Metal or Wood or Concrete from the menu options.Default: Metal

Guardrail Condition Attributes:

Length of Rails Damaged (Linear Feet)Enter the estimated length of damaged rail using the numeric keypad. Each run of guardrail should be rated separately.Note: Guardrail should not contain severe dents that adversely affect the structural capability. In addition, dents that could cause a striking vehicle to “snag” on the guardrail should not be present. Severe dents in the guardrail may be an indication that the posts and fasteners are also damaged. Posts and fasteners should be assessed when severe dents are identified. Default: 0 feet

Damaged guardrail

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Rail Rusted Past Threshold (Linear Feet)Enter the estimated length of rusted rail in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. This attribute applies to both W-beam and cable guardrail. Note: Only moderate to severe rusting should be included. Look for heavy rust and corrosion, deep pitting, scattered to extensive perforations and/or some attack of the core metal. Also consider guardrail hardware including bolts, fasteners, offset blocks, turn-buckles and spring compensators. Default: 0 feet

Rust impacting structural integrity

Cable Secure (GR-3)?Select Yes or No from the menu options. Note: All cables should be taut and securely fastened to the posts. There should be no slack or kinks in the cable. Default: Yes

Cables loose, improperly secured

Guardrail Post Damage (Count)Enter the total number of posts that are damaged using the numeric keypad. Note: All posts should be securely installed. Posts that are partially broken, rotten, or otherwise deteriorated should be counted. In addition, all posts should be intact and securely fastened to the guardrail.Default: 0

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Damaged guardrail posts

Guardrail Proper Height?Select Yes or Low or High from the menu options. Note: Estimate guardrail height from the adjacent ground surface to the top of the rail. Allow for a 3” tolerance when comparing to the standard. Low guardrail is typically caused by new overlay, but can be low for other reasons.Default: Yes

Guardrail TypeHeight of Rail (top of rail)

GR-2 27”– 28”GR-8 321/4”GR-3 27”– 28”GR-1 N/AMB-3 27”– 28”MB-5 27”– 28”

Guardrail low

GR-8 (Weak Post) Splice LocationDetermine where the rail sections are spliced together. Select At Post or Between Post from the menu options. Note: To comply with NCHRP 350, all weak post splice locations must be mid-span (between posts).Default: At Post

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GUARDRAIL TERMINALS

Definition: Guardrail Terminals are safety devices designed to fit at the end of a run of guardrail. The purpose of the terminal is two-fold: 1) to develop the tension necessary for the run of guardrail to function properly and 2) to minimize damage to a vehicle and its occupants if the end of the run of guardrail is hit. The type of Guardrail Terminal is chosen to correspond with and work in conjunction with the Guardrail. Guardrail Terminals are an important safety feature of any roadway system and should have minimal deficiencies in order to perform properly. For each type, the posts, offset blocks, anchor assemblies, and rail should be inspected.

Guardrail Terminals Inventory Attributes:


Terminal Design TypeSelect the terminal type from the menu options. Types are shown below:Default: GR-6

GR-6 Strong post W-beam system.Buried into the cut slope.

GR-7 Breakaway cable terminal.Flared usually less than 4’ with varied post spacing.

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GR-6-350 (STD 501.09)Strong post W-beam system buried into the cut slope. Double rail may be present.Post spacing is 6’ 3” (3’ 1.5” at the end of the terminal where anchorage is achieved – between the last three posts).

GR-7-350 (STD 501.11)Breakaway cable terminal with rail typically slotted.4’ flare.Varied post spacing.

GR-9-350 (STD 501.18)Straight breakaway terminal (no flare).Post spacing is 6’ 3”.

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GR-5Strong post turned-down terminal with articulators.

GR-5 GR-5 articulator

GR-8 (STD 501.15)Weak post turned-down terminal.Run-off anchorage.W-beam is bent and twisted before anchoring down to concrete.

GR-11 (STD 501.21)Trailing end terminal.Post spacing is 6’ 3”.Restricted to run-off conditions on divided highways.

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GR-FOA (STD 501.25, 501.28, 501.31)W-beam guardrail fixed-object attachment.Typically used between a run of guardrail and bridge rails, abutments, piers, retaining walls or other flat-surfaced structures with a vertical face.May also be used when attaching guardrail to a concrete median barrier.

End Piece (STD 501.02)W-beam end section.Can be rounded or flared.Approximately 2’ in length.Used to end a run of guardrail when there is no need for an end terminal.

Guardrail Terminals Condition Attributes:

Guardrail Terminal Functional?Assess if the terminal/end treatment is functional. Select Yes or No from the menu options.Note: Consider alignment as part of functionality. Height is typically measured from the adjacent ground surface to the top of the rail on both the strong and weak post systems. Proper height:

Strong Post: 27” to 28”.Weak Post: 31¾” to 32¾” (GR-8 goes to ground).

Also look for severe dents and buckling that may have been caused by an impact. If a tension cable is present in the terminal, it should be taut and secure.

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All anchor assemblies should be securely fastened into an embankment, concrete or large rock. Default: Yes

End treatment is low Post outside of height requirements

Guardrail Terminal – Number of Damaged Posts/End Treatments (Count)Count the number of damaged posts in the Guardrail Terminal. Enter the total count using the numeric keypad.Note: All posts and treatments should be securely installed and fastened. Posts/treatments that are partially broken, rotten, or otherwise deteriorated should be counted. Default: 0

End treatment not securely fastened = damaged

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TRAFFIC BARRIERS

Definition: Highway devices designed to prevent vehicle penetration from the travel-way to areas behind the barrier so as to minimize damage to impacting vehicles and their occupants, and to reduce the risk of injuries to pedestrians and workers.

Traffic barriers consist of pre-cast and cast-in-place barrier walls in the median and edge of pavement that are installed to separate/contain traffic. The most common type of barrier wall is the “New Jersey-type” (concrete) barrier.

Glare foils are usually plastic paddles that are commonly mounted on the top of Traffic Barriers to provide a “glare screen” between opposing lanes of traffic. Note: Glare foils are manufactured from a variety of materials and have several mounting techniques.

Traffic Barriers Inventory Attributes:


Traffic Barrier Length (Feet)Enter the estimated length of barrier in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 528 feet

Barrier MaterialSelect construction material Concrete or Metal from the menu options.Default: Concrete

Barrier ShapeDetermine the shape of the barrier. Select MB-7 or MB-8 or MB-9 or MB-12 or MB-13 from the menu options.

Matrix for quick ID of Median Barriers

Even Lanes Uneven Lanes Variable Median One Face TerminalSeparation Exposed Section

Short (32") 7-D / 7-E / 7-F 7-E 7-F 9-A

Tall (32" +) 12-A 8-A / 13 8-A / 12-B / 13 12-C

Default: MB-7

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MB-7

Traffic Barrier Condition Attributes:

Graffiti on Area (Length)Assess the amount (length) of graffiti on the barrier. Enter the total length that is covered with graffiti in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad.Default: 0 feet

Number of Glare Foils Missing (Count)Enter the total number of glare foils missing, damaged or significantly misaligned (i.e. twisted or hanging) using the numeric keypad. Notes: Count the number of defective or missing glare foils that exist in groups of 5 or more. Do not count single defective or missing glare foils.Default: 0

Glare foils missing Glare foils damaged

Median Barrier Misaligned (Horizontal or Vertical)Assess the horizontal and vertical alignment of the barrier and record the length in 1’ increments of any misaligned sections using the numeric keypad. Misalignment of the barrier is to be measured at joints and may consist of either/both of the following:

Settlement or vertical misalignment that exhibits 1” or more of height differential. Horizontal misalignment that exhibits 1” or more differential in the horizontal plane.

Default: 0 feet

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Settlement greater than 1”

Misalignment greater than 1” Misalignment and settlement greater than 1”

Damage Length to Repair (Feet)

Assess the damage to the barrier that would trigger a repair. Enter the total estimated length of the barrier damage in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Consider these repair triggers:

Significant delaminations or spalling >/= 1” deep, 3’ x 3’.Significant cracking >/= ¼“ wide and/or greater than 40% of surface area.Significant top raveling or broken edges or joints that could snag a vehicle.Missing or hanging joint material at construction joints (poured in place).

Default: 0 feet

Damage Length to Replace (Feet)Assess the damage to the barrier that would trigger a replacement. Enter the total estimated length of the barrier damage in 1’ increments using the numeric keypad. Consider these replacement triggers:

Exposed steel. Obvious severe accidental hits/chunks > 4’ missing.Structural failure/cracked all the way through.

Default: 0 feet

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FIELD PROCEDURESFIELD PROCEDURES

FIELD APPROACH

The RCA field evaluation team will be responsible for locating and marking each sample segment with white paint. The painted markings should be made on the shoulder when possible, and on the travel-way if no shoulder is available. A wooden stake should be used to mark the site on all stabilized roads. Each sample should be marked with the segment number and a beginning and ending point using white paint. This will aid the QA/QC teams in locating and identifying segments.

The vehicle assigned should be equipped with a Distance Measuring Device (DMI) for accurate location of each sample. If the DMI becomes inoperative or unavailable, then a vehicle odometer may be used to locate the points. Trip odometers are standard equipment on many vehicles and are very useful when a DMI is not available.

When any portion of a sample falls on a bridge, the team should select the end (abutment) of the bridge nearest the sample termini (node or intersection) and begin the evaluation from that point. Do not evaluate any portion of the bridge structure.

The random selection process does not eliminate projects let to bid or under construction. However, samples in these categories should not be evaluated. The team should select an alternate site in the same highway type from the extra sites available.

DATA COLLECTION/SITE EVALUATION

Data collection should be performed by a two or three-person team. The crew size will vary based on the availability of support personnel. The evaluation of the condition of assets in the sample section will vary with the type of highway system being rated. On divided highways, the sample section will include only one direction. On the secondary system, the sample section rated will include both directions. The following general steps will be performed at each site. The steps have been developed so that the crew is walking facing traffic (when feasible) when performing the evaluation:

Drive to the beginning point as indicated on the printout provided;

Establish traffic control by placing appropriate safety devices (safety cones, flashing lights), or whatever safety requirements are used in the district;

Mark the beginning point on the pavement with the segment number, measure off the length of the section and mark the end of the section;

Begin rating the section by walking the right shoulder looking at the assets on the right-of-way. The team could have one individual look over the pavement and shoulder items while the other members look at the other assets (drainage, traffic control and roadside items);

Finish data collection and leave the site.

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All assets will be rated using a visual inspection. It may be necessary to obtain quick (safe) measurements of different distresses to make a final determination of the asset condition. When this is done the crew will obtain measurements only when the travel-way is free of vehicles. The shoulder items will be done similar to pavements. If shoulder distresses are to be measured, then care will need to be taken to insure safety.

When observations cannot be made from the shoulder, the crew will be required to climb up to the top of cut sections or climb down to the bottom of large fill sections. This is necessary when certain inventory items are present such as paved ditches, right-of-way fences, pipe inlet/outlets, etc. In these situations, the crew will need to split the responsibilities for making condition assessments so that efficiency can be maintained.

The drainage items will be rated using visual evaluations. In order to accomplish this it will be necessary for a crew member to locate all pipe openings. The pipe openings will be looked at to insure that the opening and the pipe are structurally sound.

The traffic control and safety items will be evaluated primarily by visual inspection. The guardrail should be measured at several locations to insure proper height.

SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY

Please try to conduct the evaluation as to ensure the least possible obstruction to traffic. The safety requirements are mandatory; and the RCA team’s first responsibility is to pedestrians, the motoring public and to themselves.

Each Random Condition Assessment Team will be composed of two or three persons. Each team member will be equipped with VDOT-approved safety hats, vests and shoes. Each team should have a vehicle with a roof-mounted (portable or permanent) flashing amber light and/or road cones. Also use the emergency flashing lights on the vehicle. The vehicle should be parked off the pavement on the shoulder as far away from the traveling public as possible. When there is no shoulder to safely park the vehicle you may have to pull into a driveway and walk back to the site. If the team determines a site to be unsafe then an alternate site in the same highway system should be chosen.

During the site evaluation, the team will walk together for their safety. On occasion it may be necessary to schedule the evaluation of sites with high traffic volumes during low traffic periods in order to provide the proper level of safety. Please adhere to your district safety guidelines.

SAFETY PROCEDURES

All vehicles used to collect data should be equipped with the following equipment:

Four-way emergency flashing lights.A minimum of 1 yellow strobe light to be positioned on the roof of the vehicle.Two-way radios or cellular phones.Triangular safety signs mounted on the inside of the doors so they are visible when the doors are open.First aid kit.Fire extinguisher.

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Team members are instructed to follow these safety procedures:

Seat belts will be worn during the operation of the vehicles.

Safety vests will be worn during field operations.

Vehicle lights and the roof light will be on during the site evaluation.

Vehicles will be parked wherever there is the most room to safely park. The vehicle should be parked a minimum of four feet from the edge of pavement (when feasible).

When collecting data, team members will observe traffic in both directions on undivided highways and should face on-coming traffic as much as possible.

When crossing the roadway, the team members will wait for a safe break in traffic and never try to “beat” traffic. Be patient and be safe when crossing the roadway.

Don’t attempt to stop or divert traffic unless absolutely necessary.

District safety guidelines are to be followed.

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RCA RULE – DIVIDED/UNDIVIDED

Undivided

Divided

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Rate this area

Centerline

The ditch or median should be the dividing line.

Rate this area

Centerline

Centerline

528’

528’

Halfway


EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

Below is a list of equipment and supplies necessary or recommended for the efficient and safe collection of field survey data:

Distance measuring instrument (DM1).

Clipboard Rating forms.

Straight-line maps of the roadway segments.Measuring wheels or tapes.Pocket calculator. Pencils and erasers.Small measuring ruler.Metal or wood straight-edge (5’ to 8’).Leveling device (carpenter's level or string level).String line (100’).Yard stick (or 6’ stick).Marking Paint (biodegradable).

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rca manual - wistrans · web viewthis is the rca manual. asset ... with a circular/elliptical/box...

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