RCMRD

Presented By: RISPHA GICHEHA

Land use/ cover mapping and boundary delineation of plantation and

indigenous forests in Mount Kenya

RCMRD

Member States

Contracting members

Non-Contracting member

Regional Centre for Mappingof Resources for Development(RCMRD)

• Established in 1975 under UN-ECA

• Has 15 Member States: Botswana, Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and South Africa. •The countries affiliated to the Centre are Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Burundi, Madagascar, Djibouti, Eritrea and DRC.

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Introduction

Mount Kenya is a shield volcano partly covered by dense indigenous and partly by planted forest around its foot.

second highest mountain in Africa (5,199m)

Base diameter of about 100 Km.

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Study Area

Embu

Indigenous ForestPlantation ForestBamboo ForestMoorland

Kirinyaga

Meru South

Meru Central

Nyeri

Kenya

Ethiopia

Somalia

Tanzania

Uganda

Embu

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Objectives

•Map the land use/ cover in the area, especially forest

•Delineate the boundary between the plantation and indigenous forests

• Establish ground controls for management of the forest

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Develop landcover map based on satellite image

Develop GIS Database

Determination of areas under indigenous forest, plantation forest and human encroachment

 Establishment of ground control points

Approach/ Methods

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Methods

Ancillary Data

Satellite Image processing and landcover mapping

Delineation of plantation and indigenous forests

Establishment of ground control

RCMRDDataset Type Source Format Processing Done

1:50,000 scale topographic mapQuantity: 9 sheets

Survey of Kenya Hardcopy Scanning, georeferencing to WGS 84 UTM Zone 37, digitization of roads, rivers, contours, trigonometric heights, settlements

Forest boundary mapQuantity: 1 sheet

Forest Department Hardcopy Scanning, georeferencing to WGS 84 UTM Zone 37, digitization of the boundary

SRTM DEM data USGS Digital Georeferencing to WGS 84 UTM Zone 37 and clipping based on extent of project area

Land use / Land cover map

KWS Digital Georeferencing to WGS 84 UTM Zone 37

Land use / Land cover map

DRSRS Digital Georeferencing to WGS 84 UTM Zone 37

Literature DRSRS Hardcopy Reference material

Plantation maps/ sheets Forest Department Hardcopy Reference material

Boundary plans: 204/6,204/33,204/35,204/36,216/65

Survey of Kenya Hardcopy Reference material

Ancillary Data

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Landsat satellite image of the study area (2003)

Satellite data

RCMRDHigh resolution Quick bird image

Indigenous forest and plantation forest better distinguished

using High resolution Quick bird image(2005)

Zoomed in

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Superimposed Landsat and Quickbird

Location of QuickBird image in the study area

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CLASS CODE CLASS SUB-CLASS CODE SUB-CLASS

IMG Indigenous Mountain Vegetation IMG1 Indigenous Trees

IMG2 Bamboo

TPL Tree Plantations TPL1 Pine,Meru Oak,Cidar,Camphor

TPL2 Cypress,Eucalyptus

AGR Agriculture AGR1 Subsistence Farming

AGR2 Kenya Tea Zone

AGR3 Small Scale Tea Farming

AGR4 Flower Farming

AGR5 Wheat Farming

AGR6 Ranches

AGR7 Tea Research Foundation

MLD Moorland MLD1 Moorland

GRS Grasslands GRS1 Open Grasslands

GRS2 GRS2

SHB Shrublands SHB1 Open Shrublands

SHB2 Closed Shrublands

WTB Water Bodies WTB1 Lake

WTB2 Dam

WTB3 Riverine

WTB4 Flood Zone

STL Settlements STL1 Towns

STL2 Townships

SNW Snow SNW1 Snow

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Fieldwork/ Ground truthing

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Final Satellite Image Interpretation

RCMRDData Analysis Vegetation Class Area (Hactares)

Bamboo 56635.17317 Indigenous Forest 60900.27572 Plantation forest 16144.15045 Kenya/Nyayo Tea 28254.80411 Moorland 69151.95639 Lake 142.7100962 Snow 39.44390799 Open grasslands 9937.497411 Closed grasslands 1702.27921 Closed shrublands 10422.75572

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Classification Error

Code Subclass Error Code Subclass Error

1 Bamboo 0 11 Open Grassland 0.2017

2 Closed Grassland 0.0509 12 Open Shrub 0.0283

3 Closed Shrubland 0.727 13 Ranch 0

4 Dam 0 14 Small Scale Farming 0.0004

5 Flood Zone 0 15 Snow 0

6 Flower Farming 0 16 Subsistence Farming 0.0009

7 Indigenous 0.0004 17 Tea Research Foundation 0

8 Kenya Tea Zone 0.0084 18 Town 0

9 Lake 0.1361 19 Tea Plantation 0.0563

10 Moorland 0.0003 20 Wheat Farming 0.0033

Ranging between 0(Lowest) to 1(Highest)

RCMRDEncroachment

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General Guideline: Boundary should be kept as straight as possible The physical infrastructure and equipment associated with the FD’s

previous responsibilities should be assessed relative to the plantations Animal breeding sites, watering points and salt licks should be

designated as indigenous In cases of steep escarpments, valleys ridges, there should be attempts to

have the boundary follow contours The more flat areas to be reserved for plantation forests

Boundary Delineation of Plantation and Indigenous forests

RCMRDProposed delineation versus plantations from plantation sheets

Proposed delineation Plantation Forest District Boundary

RCMRDProposed delineation versus plantations mapped from satellite imagery

PlantationsProposed delineation District Boundary

RCMRDProposed boundary between plantation and indigenous forests

Proposed delineation

Indigenous ForestPlantation ForestBamboo ForestMoorland

District Boundary

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Establishment of ground controls

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Output

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Conclusion

Time taken was shorter

Cost effective

Accuracy is high

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Recommendation

Training of the Forestry Department (FD) and Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) field officers in GIS and Remote sensing

If the wild animals are to be completely enclosed in the indigenous Forest an electric fence should be used

It was observed that the forest reserve boundary has not been surveyed A fixed cadastral survey is therefore recommended to formalize the forest reserve boundary

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