RD-Ai54 864 SCRIBE DATA OF OCTOBER 23 i993 FLIGHT(U) MASSACHUSETTS liUNIV AMHERST ASTRONOMY RESEARCH FACILITY

H SAKAI ET AL. AUG 84 UMSS-RF-84-904 RFGL-TR-84-028

UNCLASSIFIED Fi9628-84-K-eeB9 F/G 28/6 N

-. :% 17 17. -T

'II - __1.0 . 32

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART-NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS- 1963-A

4'6

* * .. !I,.I . 1.I 'L .I. . .-_., *

e3'" /WGn-TR-84-0208

, CH FRIB: DATA OF OCTOBER 23, 1983 FLIGHT

Ia me ';aka iGeorgre VLirlsse

Astronomy Research FacilityUniversity of Massachusetts

C Amherst, Massachusetts 0100300

Scientific Report No. 1* .IL

Au g u t. 198.4

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

OTIOELECTEJUN 1 g '

EB AIR FORVN, (GI-:OI'iY'iCS L.ABORAT1ORY111 AIR F'ORCE S'YSTEMS COMMAND

am__ UNTTED STATE1C AIR FORCE* LA.. HIANSCOM AFB, MASSACHUSETTS 01731

. k

r .

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C0

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AFGL-TR-84-0208 - /_ ,' .jL, T I T L E (and Subtitle) ,. TYPE OF EPO'RFT PERIOD CCVERLJ'

SCRIBE Data of October 23, 1983 Flight IScientific Report No.1' i ,,6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER,

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _UMass - ARF-84-004AUTHOR(.) W CNRACT A a ....R...".""

Hajime SakaiGeorge Vanasse * F19628-84-K-0009

,9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT TASKI AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Astronomy Research FacilityUniversity of Massachusetts I 6110?FAmherst, MA 01003 268801DA

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Air Force Geophysics Laboratory August 1984Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731 NUMBER OF P.AGESMonitor/Lawrence Rothman/OPI 52,__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 -

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IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

AFGL/OPI, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731

-19 KEY WORDS (Coniirnue on reveree side If neceveay id idenliIf by block numiiba-)

Infrared Emission Cryogenic InterferometerAtmospheric Emission CO2 SpectrumFourier Spectroscopy H20 Spectrum

HN03 Spectrum

20. ABSTRACT (Continue en reverse ide if necesael nd idenilf, by block mnsber)

SCRIBE - Oct-23-1983 Interferometer data are described in this report

,AN73 1473 Eo, TOF I Nov5 s1o11 .OSOLE -•S/M 0102014 "S6601 I

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dole Bnweef)o

-. 7 ~ - . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .

. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -'-

I- -

SCRIBE Data of October 23, 1983 Flight

Introduction

SCRIBE-Oct-23-1983 interferometer was-launched at 12:12 GMT

from Holloman AFB ,NM The instrument package reached the

ceiling altitude at approximately 14:00. The data measurement

was terminated at approximately 16:00 . The parameters pertinent

to the data measurement are presented collectively in Figure 1.

The on-board instrument functioned satisfactorily for most of

this time period. The PCM telemetry data were found processable ?k

during this time except for a short period between 12:30 and

13:00. The interferometer sampling scheme worked satisfactorily.

Only few interferogram data showed faulty sampling during the

entire flight. Each interferogram scan took approximately 30

seconds covering the optical path difference range from 0 cm to

its maximum value over 8.25 cm. The interferogram signals were

recorded with adequate signal-to-noise ratio to warrant spectral

recovery with a full spectral resolution figure of 0.060265

L2• e- I -

o- ( V ..

The SCRIBE instrumentation has been previously described

together with the data obtained in other flights, consequently

the description of the SCRIBE instrumentation will not be

CodesAv~L a~ud/or*Ti .iit Special

Aib, + - . . ....... ... .-.-......-..........- o. ... ... '.-. .-.. .+ .+

: - .' . '''' .. ," "'' '' o""' .' . '''' - ." .. ,' . '" . .""- ." "- o . '*" "' ,' . ' " - . ". '. . . ' - " , "- ,' + '-.. '" • '"-' .

AM N 0 I V WBD EGF1TKI)(39PH U

............................................

described here. 6

Radiance Calibration

.?

The emission from the on-board blackbody calibration source

was observed during 14:50 to 15:00 GMT. Tts temperature of 263 K

was recorded by an attached thermistor thermometer during this

time period. The radiance level of the entire data for this

flight was calibrated against the observed spectral data of this

emission. Overall, eight interferogram data were used to extract

the blackbody calibration spectra. As noticed in Figure 1, there

is a considerable difference between the temperature measurements

made at the two locations on the flight package, one at the

blackbody source and another under the crushpad. The temperature

value of 2630K seemed quite different from the temperature of the

balloon environment, which was in a range of 230c to 2 0 K at the

altitude of 95 K ft. The raw spectral data observed for the

blackbody emission was averaged over eight data and further

smoothed. The obtained spectrum is shown in Figure 2. The

spectral response of the instrument was determined by comparing

the obtained curve and the blackbody radiance calculated at 263 K -".

by

B(,)) 2hc",J T - I .-.

=1.1909 X 10 W.1- w/"r.r / ,"lI-

. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . I

. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*~ U- tr~ I -

-. 46

* ,.~ IAi I I 1 Iii

I i~': . -

I I I I 11,1... I I'

'.1 1 I I I Ill

where is the wavenumber in cm - The total radiance level

received for each interferogram observation is presented in

Figure . The data are directly extracted from the central

maximum value in the observed interferogram data.

Spectral Data

The obtained data may be classified into six major

categories indicated below, in accordance with the elevation

angle of the interferometer field of view with respect to the

horizon.

I 7.5

II 1.7

I1 -0.4 tangent height 29 km

IV -2.9" tangent height 21 km

V -5.4 tangent height : 0.5 Km

VI -90'

As seen in the spectrometer response curve shown in Figure the

spectral observation has a cut-off at approximately 575 cm .

At the time of writing this report, the spectral data processed

from the recorded interferogram data are those indicated in

Figure 1. Table I lists those processed.

7 -"

The balloon was launched, with the elevation angle set at

. . .. -. -'

~Pi 5~ L TRIM ''U3iM'

HPF SP~[ THUM 131o 0 C -.

. .

r

* .r* *..."

p.j

C-P R~I Jr 5P8 3iM

H 3VL[ muM ~

Li 5PL~2TuUMo o

-- -- - -- U' Li Li

-

I,

- .. . . . . . -

are more easily recognizable in emission than absortion. In

contrast to the HNO case, the species which do not form a thin

layer, exhibit a quite different picture. For those molecules

which make distribution either uniformely in the atmosphere or in

a thick layer, the absorption lines of relatively weak strength

are clearly identified in the -5.4-degree data.. The H 0 lines

with high J' in the pure rotation band and the -. band, the CO

lines in the 00011-10001 and the 00011-10002 band, and the N 0

lines are clearly visible.

The data shown in Figures 16 and 17 were taken in the

down-looking mode. The 0 and CO features are the principal .

absorption observable in this mode. The lines of CO 15 micron

band clearly show emission characteristic, indicating that the

stratospherice temperature is indeed higher than the tropopause

temperature. In these down-looking spectra, some H.O absorption

lines are observable, although they are not many. The radiative

temperature of the background is 295 degrees , higher than the

background observed at an elevation angle of -5.4 degrees.

The spectral features associated with specific molecules

and/or specific spectral region are found observable in specific

sight conditions. For example, the HNO feature is best

observable in the -2.9-degree data. Figure shows a detail of

H~SPECTRUM SP83017

SPLCTRJM

PDI

PRR SPL CITRUM ,P83O'7

,3PEC T~um

3 3

SP[L ~ PIM S'fi~i~VF

5F~FC TF~UM

C 99 9 9.

- -----1-- ~-+-------+--------+------- I I

yin-

U.-

~jI

'I .t* I -

* * . . . . . . 4 . -

RRF SPECTRUM SP83PVF

SPECTRUM

.5,.

. -r-~ ~ -.- ... .- .. .-- -4 - --- .- .a ..... .- ... .

. . . . ....... . .. . .,.. .

""

I.-.%

._" I I f

............................................- --- --- --- ---

the elevation angle set at 7.5 degrees. The observable feature

is due to CO., only. The disappearance of the 0-, feature

indicates that the major concentration of this molecule occupies

the atmosphere below 30 Km.

The spectral data taken with an elevation angle of -2.9

degrees are shown in Figures 12 and 13. The features observable

in the 880 cm-1 region are identified as the M and ; bands of

HNO- Inspecting together with other data, we find that the

HNO 1 feature is seen best with the elevation angle of -2.9

degrees. The tangent height for this line of sight is

approximately 20 Km. The data indicate that the HNO, molecules

in the atmosphere reach maximum abundance around the tropopause.

The spectral data taken with an elevation angle of -5.4

degrees are shown in Figures 14 and 15. Most of the atmospheric

lines are observable as the absorption lines against the

radiative background of approximately 275 K. The emission

feature is seen in the CO -, band region, indicating that the

temperature in the vicinity of the balloon is at a slightly

higher temperature than the background. The HNO features

observable in the -2.9 degree data are hardly recognizable for

this line of sight. We may conclude that the minor atmospheric

species,in particular those formed in a thin layered structure,

,. . - . . •. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . 1

RRF SPECTRUM SP830PI

SPECTRUM

8

rin r , r

-irf 5PFCTRUM SP830PI

SPECTRUJMp 9' p- - -D

74H- H-

a-F

. . . . . . .

IRRF SPECTRUM SP83031SPECTRUIM

p :p

8

rill'!2

li

RPF SPEJC1RUM SPE83n3i

SPE CT PUM

I~. Vf

>1l

7.5 degrees. The observation with this elwvation angle continued

until the balloon reached the altitude of 80 K ft. Unfortunately

the PCM signal became not-processable after the balloon reached

50 K ft [ 7 PCM tape ],and remained so until the down-looking

mode. The total radiance level varied approximately by a factor

of 10 as the balloon ascended from ground level to the ceiling

altitude of 95K ft. Figures 4 through 7 show two typical spectra

observed at relatively low altitude with an elevation angle of

7.5. The Q branch of the CO0 ;, band at the 670 cm-1 region

exhibits a radiance temperature approximately 10 degrees higher

than the rest of the spectral region nearby. The opacity of this

Q branch region is extremely high. The Q branch radiance value

of this CO ,v band serves as a thermometer of the immediate

vicinity of the instrument. Thus it may be interpreted that the

high radiative temperature shown by this Q branch emission is due

to a warm air mass carried by the balloon package in its

proximity.

The spectral data taken with -0.4 degree elevation angle are

shown in Figures 8 and 9. The data were taken at the ceiling

altitude. The 0 feature is clearly observable in the data

while no HO lines are present.

The spectral data shown in Figure 10 and 11 were taken with

2. 2

APF SPECTRUM SP30NI

SPECTRUM

J 7

. .=. .I- --

RRF SPECTRUM SPe30NJ

SPECTRUM

P - -.... .. . .. .

v -

_-- -- ----- -- -

- 8 1

: o o-

o 10l

SPEC T HUM

N F

PT0

*0I-

° * .' t" ' " -

. S* ' , . .-.. **, **.. : S•. .. 5. .. ... . . ,

, I K'.P U' 1 LM qU JRV I

A----- - ---.------ 4- - -----.------

-S-

* r

-5

I * "

*. . . . . . . . .S. *-

S . . .

the HNO . spectrum. Table II lists the observed peak of these

emission lines. The extremely complex structure in the 600-750

cm region is best obsevable in the 7.5-degree data . Figures

1) and "I show this spectral region in detail. Relatively weak

H0 lines were best observed in the -5.4-degree data, as shown in

Figure 'I. Table III provides the wavenumber position of the

observed H.0 lines. The ozone band at the 1000 cm-1 region is

shown in Figure 2 ' for its absorptive feature and Figure 2,; for

its emissive feature. The N;O feature in the 1120-1200 cm-1 is

detailed in Figure 2)1. The data are noisy because of the low

spectral response exhibited by the spectrometer.

The spectral data presented in this report are those typical

ones obtained in this flight. A digital 9-track magnetic tape,

which contains 47 spectral data taken at various phase of this

experiment, is attached as a supplement to this report.

In addition several plots of some spectral data are attached

for demonstrating the spectral resolution and the signal-to-noise

ratio of the obtained data.

The observed emission data with an elevation angle of -0.4

degrees are compared with the theoretical data computed using the

qpr 5PLC.UM SP8JCVI

WE~ C TFPLIM

It

iI .

IL -

- -a------

i

I

I'.4-

L

II - *1

I ~j~n .. , -v

* . 2. *

SPrrTRUM SP8300~7

SPECTRUM

-4-- - ~ - --- F -

-U .t- -- -- u. w f

.

0 P SPI T IPUH c;P830l 7

5PECTPUM

F, FD

o4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4)F i~-TIjjM 3P89(u47

-.Pf-r TR! IM

* .- .c

I-j

JrF 5PECTPL'M SP9PT3,17

4o -4

t

PFf TkUM SPBBOB I,

7. 7, 7r

PRF 5PEICJRUM SPS3047

SDECTPUM

AFGL atmospheric line compilation data in Figures 25 through 30.

The lines in the synthetic spectrum are computed for the CO0

column density of 8.1 x 10' /Cm with a pressure of 0.1~4

atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 230 K.

The data taken with an elevation angle of -2.9 degrees are

compared with the theoretical data in Figures 31 through 36. The

synthetic spectrum is generated for the CO:) column density of

5.8 x 10.! /cm' at 0.1J4 atmospheric pressure and 230 K.

In these sets, the synthetic data show that their line

widths slightly broader than the observed, probably because of

the higher pressure assumed in the computation. Nonetheless,

these figures, the observed and the theoretical widths, should be

close enough for the comparison purpose. The synthetic data

prior to application of the instrument function smearing show

that the lines are very narrow compared with the instrument

function full width of 0.12 cm -1at the half height. Thus the

data provide a good refernce for the spectral resolution figure

of the observed lines for the horizontal line of sight at the

balloon ceiling altitude of approximately 29 km.

o Co 0 C) 0 0 0 C+ I I I IIIIo 0 c a 0 0 C0 0 0

o n Un Un Un 0f Un In

o CY)

C) ~ '- 01o N0

In ~U1l_

ol E0 G

o -t-LL

(3)U) -

-J -0 ----- _ 0

0

U) 771II2~~ 0

ID 00

rn ______________111 -1-

-- -~-- jI

0 ii

- - - U)0

-- 0-'zcZ1.

'V

Wi

---4 ~1-

m-~ ----- --

Dl ~----------

I~i3

K)) - -~- U) __

0 ___0

3-)(3) -WI

9

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(I

1

Table III

Observed position of the H20 lines

776.6780.1784.0795.6802. 7803.1807.9814.1824.8827.3839.5841.5849.2852.0852.5854.2864.6865.0870.8878.1880.6883.4886.8888.2890.9905.8908.5921. 7922. 7924.6

Table II

Observed line position of the HNO 3 lines

862.26 884.98

862.68 885.40863.29 885.76863.65 886.25864.55 886.61864.97 887.39865.88 888.17866.30 888.54886.78 888.96

867.26 889.32

867.68 889.74

868.11 890.10

868.59 890.46

869.01 890.83

869.43 891.61

869.91 892.39

870.34 903.48

870.76 903.84

871.24 905.35

871.66 905.71

872.08872.93

878.35878.59879.74882.57882.99

. ..

Table I Data Processed

Code GMT Atitude Elevation ViewK ft angle

October 23, 1983 (Day 296)SP83OAI-A7 12:16 10 7.5 H

Ml-Mi 12:20 20 7.5 HNI-Ni 12:25 25 7.5 H01-07 12:30 30 7.5 H11-17 13:15 70 1.7 H21-27 13:45 95 - DVl-V7 13:50 95 - DWl-W7 13:54 95 - DBI-B7 14:00 95 - DCl-C7 14:05 95 - DDI-Di 14:08 95 - D31-37 14:13 95 -0.4 HEl-E7 14:17 95 -0.4 HFl-Fl 14:20 95 -0.4 HGI-G7 14:24 95 -0.41-2.9 HHI-H7 14:27 95 -2.9 H11-17 14:30 95 -2.9 HJI-VJ 14:33 95 -2.9/-5.4 HKI-K7 14:31 95 -5.4 HLl-L7 14:40 95 -5.4 H41-47 14:45 95 -5.4 H61-67 14:48 95 -5.4 H71-17 14:53 95 - B81-87 14:55 95 B91 97 15:02 95 7.5 HP-P? 15:06 95 7.5/- H/DQL-Qi 15:10 95 DRI-Ri 15:15 90 DS1-Si 15:18 90 DTI-T7 15:22 90 DUI-U7 15:25 90 D

. . . . .. . . . . .

* .. -. *.. . .. . .

Re fe renco;-

1 H. S,-kai et al . , i~s ur, rn(,it, of' At rioplwt, ' m iUisi ng a B:i]I locn-Borrne Cryog'ii11 F ourieir ptrrTnterritioriial Coni'. "on FIJR, sI' K ' Pit.I . 8 1

2 H. Sakil e t aIl. , 2t Udy o f A m :p Ii r i I i Cra~ firU s1.n g z : ti nI1o ?1i- B o r i C r y o ri F 'i i r 1c r i~n r riPut)i1. 36~l 38 (198;)

3H. akai and (3. Vunass;e, At.mro;phcri 1 :1I-Obse rve'd al, Al titidt of' (,000 to 28,011,4 Tf kM II I365) 165 (198-)

4 F. If. Mureray etf. ul. Liqu~id Nit rogeric~t (?('o I ('I ric opTramnforn Spectrometter Syf4en Cor M:2JrIrgAmnIFrrisioti :Lt flijh Al titide.; (In press)

5 H. (lakai , SCR t0 1E datai Awd:-iiAF-I- t IU (iSIAD A102262.

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