r&d white paper - bbcdownloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/whp064.pdf · 2009-02-13 ·...
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R&D White Paper
WHP 064
July 2003
Digital Radio Mondiale – revitalising the bands below 30 MHz
J.H. Stott
Research & Development BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION
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© BBC 2003. All rights reserved.
BBC Research & Development White Paper WHP 064
Digital Radio Mondiale – revitalising the bands below 30 MHz
J.H. Stott
Abstract
This document records an invited Keynote Address made on 23 June 2003 as the opening presentation of the 9th International Conference on HF Systems and Techniques, held at Bath University and organised by the IEE.
The presentation was a deliberately light-hearted look at the development and introduction of the DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) system for digital broadcasting in the bands below 30 MHz. It was timely, as the Official Launch of DRM had taken place the previous week, and also illustrated some very recent results concerning frequency-diversity reception of DRM.
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© BBC 2003. All rights reserved. Except as provided below, no part of this document may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means) without the prior written permission of BBC Research & Development except in accordance with the provisions of the (UK) Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
The BBC grants permission to individuals and organisations to make copies of the entire document (including this copyright notice) for their own internal use. No copies of this document may be published, distributed or made available to third parties whether by paper, electronic or other means without the BBC's prior written permission. Where necessary, third parties should be directed to the relevant page on BBC's website at http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp for a copy of this document.
White Papers are distributed freely on request.
Authorisation of the Chief Scientist is required for publication.
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Research & Development
Jonathan Stott23 June 2003
Ninth International Conference onHF Radio Systems and Techniques
Digital Radio Mondiale – revitalising the bands below 30 MHz
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Research & Development 2
DRM = Digital Radio Mondiale
A consortium with the mission:
“to create a universal, digital system for the AM broadcasting bands below 30 MHz”
The digital broadcasting system they have
created
DRM™ – what is it?
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Research & Development 3
LF, MF, and HF broadcasting bands share unique property that signals go a long way
ground wave
sky wave
but they use AM – ‘Ancient Modulation’!
AM listening experience doesn’t match modern expectations
DRM – why?
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Research & Development 4
Commercial Radio Australia (Australia); Nautel Ltd., Radio Canada International/CBC (Canada); Academy of Broadcasting Science of China (China); RIZ Transmitters (Croatia); HFCC (Czech Republic); ESPOL, HCJB World Radio (Ecuador); Digita Oy, Kymenlaakso Polytechnic (Finland); Atmel ES 2, CCETT, Radio France, Radio France Internationale, TéléDiffusion de France, Thales Broadcast & Multimedia (France); ADDX, APR, Coding Technologies GmbH, Deutsche Welle, DeutschlandRadio, DLM, Sender Europa 1, Fraunhofer IIS, Georg-Simon-Ohm – University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg, Innovationszentrum Telekommunikationstechnik GmbH IZT, IRT, Medienanstalt Sachsen-Anhalt/Digitaler Rundfunk Sachsen-Anhalt, Micronas GmbH, Robert Bosch GmbH, Sony International Europe, SWR Südwestrundfunk, TELEFUNKEN SenderSysteme Berlin AG, T-Systems MediaBroadcast, University of Applied Sciences - FH Merseburg, University of Hannover, University of Ulm, VPRT (Germany); Antenna Hungaria, Communications Authority Hungary (Hungary); All India Radio (India); Basamad College, Tehran (Iran); Hitachi Kokusai Electric Ltd., JVC Victor Company of Japan, Ltd., NHK (Japan); Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting (Libya); Broadcasting Centre Europe (Luxembourg); Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union (Malaysia); Nozema, Radio Netherlands (Netherlands); Radio New Zealand International (New Zealand); Voice of Nigeria (Nigeria); Telenor/Norkring (Norway); Radiodifusao Portuguesa (Portugal); RTRN/The Voice of Russia (Russia); Arab States Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia); Universidad del Pais Vasco, (Spain); Radio Sweden International (Sweden); EBU, International Committee of the Red Cross, ITU (Switzerland); Arab States Broadcasting Union (Tunisia); BBC, Christian Vision, VT Merlin Communications, QinetiQ, RadioScape Ltd., Roke Manor Research Ltd., WRN (U.K.); Dolby Laboratories Incorporated, Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation, Harris Broadcast Corporation, IBB/VOA, IDT Continental Electronics, Kintronic Laboratories, Inc., National Association of Short-wave Broadcasters, Sangean America, Inc.,TCI, a Dielectric Company, Via Licensing Corporation (U.S.A.); and Radio Vaticana (Vatican City).
DRM Members
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Research & Development 4
Commercial Radio Australia (Australia); Nautel Ltd., Radio Canada International/CBC (Canada); Academy of Broadcasting Science of China (China); RIZ Transmitters (Croatia); HFCC (Czech Republic); ESPOL, HCJB World Radio (Ecuador); Digita Oy, Kymenlaakso Polytechnic (Finland); Atmel ES 2, CCETT, Radio France, Radio France Internationale, TéléDiffusion de France, Thales Broadcast & Multimedia (France); ADDX, APR, Coding Technologies GmbH, Deutsche Welle, DeutschlandRadio, DLM, Sender Europa 1, Fraunhofer IIS, Georg-Simon-Ohm – University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg, Innovationszentrum Telekommunikationstechnik GmbH IZT, IRT, Medienanstalt Sachsen-Anhalt/Digitaler Rundfunk Sachsen-Anhalt, Micronas GmbH, Robert Bosch GmbH, Sony International Europe, SWR Südwestrundfunk, TELEFUNKEN SenderSysteme Berlin AG, T-Systems MediaBroadcast, University of Applied Sciences - FH Merseburg, University of Hannover, University of Ulm, VPRT (Germany); Antenna Hungaria, Communications Authority Hungary (Hungary); All India Radio (India); Basamad College, Tehran (Iran); Hitachi Kokusai Electric Ltd., JVC Victor Company of Japan, Ltd., NHK (Japan); Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting (Libya); Broadcasting Centre Europe (Luxembourg); Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union (Malaysia); Nozema, Radio Netherlands (Netherlands); Radio New Zealand International (New Zealand); Voice of Nigeria (Nigeria); Telenor/Norkring (Norway); Radiodifusao Portuguesa (Portugal); RTRN/The Voice of Russia (Russia); Arab States Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia); Universidad del Pais Vasco, (Spain); Radio Sweden International (Sweden); EBU, International Committee of the Red Cross, ITU (Switzerland); Arab States Broadcasting Union (Tunisia); BBC, Christian Vision, VT Merlin Communications, QinetiQ, RadioScape Ltd., Roke Manor Research Ltd., WRN (U.K.); Dolby Laboratories Incorporated, Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation, Harris Broadcast Corporation, IBB/VOA, IDT Continental Electronics, Kintronic Laboratories, Inc., National Association of Short-wave Broadcasters, Sangean America, Inc.,TCI, a Dielectric Company, Via Licensing Corporation (U.S.A.); and Radio Vaticana (Vatican City).
DRM has 81 members from 30 countries– major international broadcasters– other broadcasters & network
operators– transmitter manufacturers– receiver manufacturers– research institutes
DRM Members
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Research & Development 5
1997 discussions lead to formation
1998 Consortium officially founded
2001 ETSI Specification published
2003 achieved triple recognition
IEC Standard 62272-1
ETSI Standard ES 201 980, as well as:
ITU-R Recommendation BS 1514-1
DRM very brief history
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Research & Development 6
DRM Launch, 16 June 03DRM Launch coincided with World Radio Conference in Geneva
DRM Chairman Peter Senger makes the official address
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Research & Development 6
DRM Launch, 16 June 03DRM Launch coincided with World Radio Conference in Geneva
DRM Chairman Peter Senger makes the official address
DRM broadcasts were launched by:BBC World ServiceChristian Vision,Deutsche Welle, DeutschlandRadio,R Canada Int’l, R France, R France Int’l, MOI Kuwait, Radio Netherlands, RTL, R Vaticana, Swedish R Int’l, Voice of America, Voice of Russia, Wales R Int’l – and a Hochschule in Nürnberg!
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Research & Development 7
DRM Launch, June 03
Both MF and 26 MHz transmissions were made from Mont Salève, nearby in France
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Research & Development 7
DRM Launch, June 03
Both MF and 26 MHz transmissions were made from Mont Salève, nearby in France
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Research & Development 8
DRM Launch, June 03
BBC World Service engineer takes the opportunity to examine the latest technolgy at the DRM launch!
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Research & Development 9
DRM – the systemDesigned for all broadcasters, large & small
options to match propagation requirements
trade ruggedness against capacity
Intended as plug-in replacement for AM
Modulation is COFDM (multi-carrier) with MLC (multi-level coding)
Modern audio bit-rate reduction
AAC+SBR (waveform); HVXC, CELP (speech)
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Research & Development 9
DRM – the systemDesigned for all broadcasters, large & small
options to match propagation requirements
trade ruggedness against capacity
Intended as plug-in replacement for AM
Modulation is COFDM (multi-carrier) with MLC (multi-level coding)
Modern audio bit-rate reduction
AAC+SBR (waveform); HVXC, CELP (speech)
Hear how ruggedness can even be adjusted dynamically to match propagation conditions, in the QoSAM paper by QinetiQ later in the Conference
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Research & Development 10
Receivers were needed for both system
development and field trials
Thales put extra cards in industrial PC
transportable, used in first field trials
Subsequent receivers of 2 main types
analogue front end, feeding a computer
with software demodulation and decoding
free-standing hardware
DRM receivers
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Research & Development 11
Software receivers
conventional superhet radio
down-converter
IF, say 455 kHz
soundcard
low IF, say 12 kHzf
computer, with demod/decoding
software
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Research & Development 12
Fraunhofer produce PC software used by many DRM members, often with AOR 7030 receiver
Cut-down version made available cheaply to radio enthusiasts via website
FhG software receiver
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Research & Development 12
Fraunhofer produce PC software used by many DRM members, often with AOR 7030 receiver
Cut-down version made available cheaply to radio enthusiasts via website
FhG software receiver
Note that an open-source software-receiver project will be presented later in the Conference by Darmstadt University
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Research & Development 13
Inspired by Davies (DERA) paper in 2000 Conference, we made a ‘fully-digital’ design
BBC R&D ‘pro’ receiver
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Research & Development 13
Inspired by Davies (DERA) paper in 2000 Conference, we made a ‘fully-digital’ design
BBC R&D ‘pro’ receiver
AD
27 MHz LPF
digital down-
converter
DSP, with demod/decoding software
65 Msample/s
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Research & Development 14
Coding Technologies brought partners
together to make small DRM receiver
BBC R&D: DSP card (based on ‘pro’ main board)
AFG: analogue front end
First consumer-size rx
BBC R&D DSP card
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Research & Development 15
We couldn’t resist slipping the card into an AOR 7030!
DSP card fits other rxs
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Research & Development 16
Future receivers for consumers must be cheap and low-power
technically possible
huge market (≈ 2.5 billion AM sets to replace)
Needs DRM ICs
several collaborations are working on this
Future receivers
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Research & Development 16
Future receivers for consumers must be cheap and low-power
technically possible
huge market (≈ 2.5 billion AM sets to replace)
Needs DRM ICs
several collaborations are working on this
Future receivers
Note other papers on receiver technology will be presented later in the Conference by Lancaster University and Roke Manor Research
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Research & Development 17
We need broadcast infrastructure
many broadcasters have 2 or more transmitters
in a network
single or multi-frequency (SFN or MFN)
DRM-DI Distribution Interface to distribute to
transmitters and synchronise them
First synchronous MFN set up last month
by BBC R&D/VT Merlin
R&D receiver re-programmed as modulator
Broadcast chain
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Research & Development 17
We need broadcast infrastructure
many broadcasters have 2 or more transmitters
in a network
single or multi-frequency (SFN or MFN)
DRM-DI Distribution Interface to distribute to
transmitters and synchronise them
First synchronous MFN set up last month
by BBC R&D/VT Merlin
R&D receiver re-programmed as modulator
Broadcast chainstudio centre
content (audio/data)
content server (makes DRM-DI)
GPS receiver
GPS satellite network
DRM-DI
uplink station
distribution satellite network
DVB-S carrying DRM-DI
DRM distribution for wide-spread transmitter network
transmitter site 1
GPS receiver
sat receiver
modulator (accepts DRM-DI)
transmitter
transmitter site 2
GPS receiver
sat receiver
modulator (accepts DRM-DI)
transmitter
coverage area
DRM RF signal
DRM RF signal
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Research & Development 18
Field Trials
BBC engineers took their field-trial brief seriously!
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Research & Development 19
Field trials performed throughout
both channel-sounding and system-testing
short- and long-term, all sorts of paths
long-term tests automatically gathered data from widespread receivers on members’ sites
some of the work funded by EC as part of the Radiate project
Ecuador NVIS tests led to extra modes
DRM Field Trials
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Research & Development 20
Demonstrations at DRM Launch this month
included synchronous 2-frequency transmissions
had to drive kit there anyway, so…
Grasped chance to measure frequency-diversity reception
mobile measurement on journey
static measurement in Geneva
Latest BBC R&D tests
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Research & Development 20
Demonstrations at DRM Launch this month
included synchronous 2-frequency transmissions
had to drive kit there anyway, so…
Grasped chance to measure frequency-diversity reception
mobile measurement on journey
static measurement in GenevaA pause in France on the way to Geneva
Latest BBC R&D tests
Three BBC R&D receivers logging MFN and frequency-diversity reception
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Research & Development 21
Frequency-diversityFrequency 1
Frequency 2
Single-frequency reception suffers some drop-outs
(poor SNR)
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Research & Development 21
Frequency-diversityFrequency 1
Frequency 2
Single-frequency reception suffers some drop-outs
(poor SNR)
But solid reception using
diversity!
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Research & Development 22
Every silver lining…
Interference… has a cloud!
other HF radio users
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Research & Development 23
Interference remains a worry, especially
from systems using the mains wiring
PLT/PLC – Power Line (Tele) Communications
Strong political pressure for PLT
‘Broadband for all’
EC has issued Mandate to ETSI/Cenelec
Joint Working Group (JWG)
Interference
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Research & Development 23
Interference remains a worry, especially from systems using the mains wiring
PLT/PLC – Power Line (Tele) Communications
Strong political pressure for PLT
‘Broadband for all’
EC has issued Mandate to ETSI/Cenelec Joint Working Group (JWG)
Does this regulation do anything
useful? It’s 60 dB too slack!
LATEST NEWS:Latest JWG emissions-limit proposal for MF/HF is H-field equivalent to 55.5 dBµV/m quasi-peak, measured at 3 m.
Minimum AM HF broadcast protected FS is 40 dBµV/m, implying a substantially negative S/(N+I) ratio for indoor reception of AM or DRM.
Interference
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Research & Development 24
DRM is now ready for introduction
so at last we can have good quality audio and the long-distance reach of the ‘AM’ bands
DRM exemplifies how applying digital techniques revitalises the HF bands
Conclusions
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Research & Development 25
The End
Thanks for listening!
Have a great
Conference!
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Research & Development
Contact detailsJonathan Stott
BBC Research and Development,Kingswood Warren, TADWORTH,Surrey KT 20 6 NP, United Kingdom
More papers: www.bbc.co.uk/rdwww.drm.org
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