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The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat : And Other Clinical Tales by

In his most extraordinary book, "one of the great clinical writers of the 20th century" (The New York Times) recounts the case histories of patients lost in the bizarre, apparently inescapable world of neurological disorders. Oliver Sacks's The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat tells the stories of individuals afflicted with fantastic perceptual and intellectual aberrations: patients who have lost their memories and with them the greater part of their pasts; who are no longer able to recognize people and common objects; who are stricken with violent tics and grimaces or who shout involuntary obscenities; whose limbs have become alien; who have been dismissed as retarded yet are gifted with uncanny artistic or mathematical talents.

If inconceivably strange, these brilliant tales remain, in Dr. Sacks's splendid and sympathetic telling, deeply human. They are studies of life struggling against incredible adversity, and they enable us to enter the world of the neurologically impaired, to imagine with our hearts what it must be to live and feel as they do. A great healer, Sacks never loses sight of medicine's ultimate responsibility: "the suffering, afflicted, fighting human subject."

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W. SacksOliver

Oliver Sacks

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the semantic web is an extension to add to the web some metadata for

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RDF is the first layer of the semantic web standards

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RDF stands forResource Description Framework

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RDF stands forResource: pages, images, videos, ... everything that can have a URIDescription: attributes, features, and relations of the resourcesFramework: model, languages and syntaxes for these descriptions

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comes in threein RDF knowledge always

RDF is a triple model i.e. every piece of knowledge is broken down into

( subject , predicate , object )

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knowledgetake for instance the following piece of

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doc.html has for author Fabien and has for theme Music

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doc.html has for author Fabien doc.html has for theme Music

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( doc.html , author , Fabien )( doc.html , theme , Music )

( subject , predicate , object )

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RDF in the atoms of knowledge are triples of the form (subject,predicate,object)

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Predicate

Subject

Object

a triplethe RDF atom

RDF is also a graph modelto link the descriptions of resources

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RDF triples can be seen as arcsof a graph (vertex,edge,vertex)

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( doc.html , author , Fabien )( doc.html , theme , Music )

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Fabien

author

doc.html

theme

Music21

RDF in resources and properties are identified by URIs

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http://mydomain.org/mypath/myresource

http://inria.fr/~fabien#me

http://inria.fr/schema#author

http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html

http://inria.fr/schema#theme

Music23

RDF in values of properties can also be literals i.e. strings of characters

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( doc.html , author , Fabien )( doc.html , theme , "Music" )

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http://inria.fr/~fabien#me

http://inria.fr/schema#author

http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html

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"Music"26

RDF in literal values of properties can also be typed with XML datatypes

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doc.html has for author Fabien and has 192 pages

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http://inria.fr/~fabien#me

http://inria.fr/schema#author

http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html

http://inria.fr/schema#nbPages

"192"^^xsd:integer29

nodes

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RDF allows blank

anonymous

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a resource may be

i.e. not identified by a URI

and noted _:xyz

e.g., there exists a report about Music

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http://inria.fr/schema#Report

rdf:type _:x

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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"xmlns:inria="http://inria.fr/schema#" >

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NOTHING HERE

break

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blank nodes

the graph, theycannot be reused

name

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your resources and reuse existing names as much as possible

RDF< /> has an XML syntax

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awaydon't run

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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"xmlns:inria="http://inria.fr/schema#" >

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html">

<inria:author rdf:resource= "http://inria.fr/~fabien#me" />

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machinesit's only for

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RDFa is a syntax to mix RDF and HTML inside one web page.

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RDFa stands for RDF in HTML attributes

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RDF has other syntaxes such asN3, Turtle and N-Triples.

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RDF provides a primitive to give one or more types to a resource.

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( doc.html , rdf:type, Report )

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http://inria.fr/schema#Report

rdf:type http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html

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open-world assumption

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as opposed to the closed world assumption of classical systems

in short: the absence of a triple is not significant

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( doc.html , author , Fabien)doesn't mean doc.html has one author

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( doc.html , author , Fabien)means doc.html has at least one author

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if you have no other triples giving

authors it does not meanthey are not true.

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RDF provides primitives to build containers and collections to list things

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RDF containers are open, contain resources or literals, possibly duplicate,

rdf:Bag for unordered resources

rdf:Seq for ordered resources

rdf:Alt for alternative (values)53

RDF collections are closed lists of resources or literals, possibly duplicate

rdf:List to start the list

rdf:first and rdf:rest to list

rdf:nil to end the list54

doc.html has for chapters :1, Classical 2, Pop3, Rock

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( _:a , rdf:first, Classical ) ( _:a , rdf:rest, _:b )

( _:b , rdf:first , Pop ) ( _:b , rdf:rest, _:c )

( _:c , rdf:first , Rock ) ( _:c , rdf:rest, rdf:nil )

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RDF about RDFreification of statements to allow

statements about statements.

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Fabien says "doc.html has for theme Music"

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( Fabien , say, triple87 )

( triple87 , rdf:subject , doc.html ) ( triple87 , rdf:predicate , theme ) ( triple87 , rdf:object , "Music" )

( triple87,rdf:type,rdf:Statement )

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RDF provides primitives to give structured values to propertiese.g., to give values with units

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doc.html has for length262144 characters

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( _:a , rdf:value , "262144" ) ( _:a , units , characters )

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take homesummary

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RDF is a triple model

to add metadata to the web(SUBJECT, PREDICATE, OBJECT)

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to applicationsRDF enables you to open your data

through the web

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fabien, gandon