rdon't know for sure - loudoun county public schools€¦ · constantinople played a major...
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He created the Justinian Code. He hired 10 legal experts who went thru 400 years of Roman law. They got rid of the old stuff, and the duplicative stuff. And they simplified laws so they were easier to understand. This new legal code lasted 900 years! The significance of the code was that since it was written in Latin, the European countries were able to use it and it became the basis for their legal codes.
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Justinian was described as devout and determined while he was living. But after he died, the historian Procopius described him as two-faced.
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He recovered much of the former Western Roman territories that had been lost when the Western Roman Empire fell. He increased trade in Constantinople making the city a crossroads of trade. He embarked on a big building pro- ject which included churches, court houses, libraries, bridges, schools and the Hagia Sophia is a great example of these accomplishments
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Justinian's accomplishments include driving the barbarians out of North Africa, Spain and Italy. This was how he reconquered most of the land lost during the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Keep in mind, he never recovered the city of Rome.
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Constantinople was built on 7 hills and divided into 14 districts. It was protected by 13 miles of walls, watchtowers and gates. It was easily fortified on three sides because of the water (it was bordered by a natural harbor). The city was surrounded by three walls and a deep moat. The innermost wall was 25 feet thick and 70 feet tall! Its location combined with its control of the Bosporus Strait made the city a crossroads (hub or center) for trade and shipping between Europe, Africa and Asia. It was adequate distance from Germain invasions that were happening in the western empire. It was a good location to protect Europe's eastern frontier. In 1453 it was seized by Turks and renamed Istanbul. Today it is a major city in modern Turkey.
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Constantinople played a major role in the Byzantine Empire. It was the true center (or seat) of the Byzantine power until the Ottoman conquest. Constantinople played a big role in preserving classical Greco-Roman culture. Education was important. Scholars preserved Greek and Roman great works: Euclid used to teach geometry; Galen used to teach medicine; Herodotus used to teach history; and Homer used to teach literature.
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she married Justinian when she was in her 20s. She had worked as an "actress" which meant she danced and sometimes worked as a prostitute. He wisdom and skills surpassed (were better than) her husband's. She convinced him to crush the Nika rebellion. She started Social Welfare programs for the poor. She worked for women's rights. She made a convent for former prostitutes. She died from cancer. After she died, her husband never remarried and never introduced new laws.
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she was from a low class, very poor.
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Justainian's uncle, Emperor Justin had to change the laws so
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Justinian could legally marry her since he was an Aristocrat and she was poor.
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The POOR liked her because she made programs to help them.
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WOMEN liked her because of her programs and her fight for women's rights
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NIKA REBELS hated her because they would have won their rebellion if she hadn't talked her husband into fighting.
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JUSTINIAN was in awe of her abilities and listened to her on important issues
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Her FRIENDS were probably jealous of her. We don't know for sure
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Built during Justinian's reign. Took 5-6 years to build. Known as the "Church of Holy Wisdom" When Constantinople fell to the Turks, Hagia Sophia became a mosque. Now its a museum.
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Plain exterior symbolizes earthly life. Ornate interior symbolized spiritual universe. Cathedral's size, thick pillars and enclosed space show Roman influence. Intricate and ornate design shows Eastern influences. Byzantine architects invented the PENDENTIVES which connected the round base of a dome to a square building. The combination of Greco-Roman and Middle Eastern influence are evident in the intricate decoration on columns. Mosaics with gold-covered stones added more light to the huge interior of Hagia Sophia.
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Art and architecture in the Byzantine Empire were inspired by two things: the Christian religion and Imperial power
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The Hagia Sophi is considered the most beautiful architectural achievement of the Byzantine Empire. (Another impressive architectural building was the Hippodrome. It was used as an entertainment venue (location). It was where chariot races and circuses were held.)
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The CONTRIBUTIONS OFTHE BYZANTINE EMPIRE FOR ART AND ARCHITECTURE are -Icons -Mosaics -Hagia Sophia
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Religious images
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WEST
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EAST
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The geographic distance created a lack of communication between the churches in the Western Roman Empire and those in the Eastern Roman Empire. Eventually, they began to develop different rituals and ceremonies. The Pope (WEST) and the Patriarch (EAST) both disagreed on whether ICONS could be used in churches. These two excommunicated one another in 1054. This is when the two churches split. We call this the Great Schism, which basically means the two churches split apart.
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Like pictures of important Christians or sacred events. Can be mosaics, murals, wooden panels.
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ICONOMASTS were the people who did not believe in the icons. They thought worshipping to these icons was "idol worship". So the Emperor of the EAST which is the Byzantine Empire, banned icons. The Monks in the East disagreed with him. The Church (Pope) in the west (Rome) supported the Monks.
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EXCOMMUNICATION means "cast out from the church" SCHISM means permanent split between the churches. PATRIARCH mean the head bishop of the east (Constantinople--Byzantine Empire) POPE mean head of the west church (Rome) LITURGY means church services.
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Western Roman Catholic Church was centered in Rome. It was far from the seat of government (which you remember had been moved to Constantinople). It conduced its services in LATIN. Liturgy means services. The Pope had authority over all other bishops. The Pope had authority over all kings and emperors. Priests could not marry and must remain celibate. Divorce was not permitted.
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The Eastern Church--Greek Orthodox was centered in Constantinople so it was close to the seat of government power (once the capital had been moved to Constantinople). Its Liturgy (services) were conduced in Greek or other local languages. It was headed by the Patriarch (and other bishops). The Emperor claimed authority over the Patriarch and other bishops of the Byzantine Empire. Priests could marry. Divorce was allowed under certain conditions.
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TIN
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FUR, HONEY TIMBER
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SILK
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SPICES
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IVORY AND GOLD
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CORK
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WINE
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Plague of Justinian that crippled Empire. In 542, 10,000 people were dying every day Attacks from East, West, and North (Slavs, Persians, Turks, and Russian invasions) Attempt to maintain power (Through political marriages, bribes and diplomacy) Walls kept the peninsula strong until 1453 when it fell to the Ottoman Turks Split of the Church
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Trade routes between the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea led to exchange of ideas and culture.
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Eastern Orthodox Missionaries spread their faith to the Slavic people of Russia and Eastern Europe
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Cyril invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages so that the Slavs could red the Bible in their own tongue. This was called the Cyrillic alphabet. This helped to spread the Eastern Orthodox religion.
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Church architecture and religious art
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