Re-Defining Re-Defining Education ThroughEducation Through E-Technologies & E-Technologies &

Innovative Innovative PedagogiesPedagogiesOlugbemiro Jegede

Secretary to the Government of Kogi StateOlugbemiro Jegede

Secretary to the Government of Kogi StateEmail: jegedeo@gmail.com,ojegede@kogistate.gov.ng,

bbm pin:765E92E4

Olugbemiro JegedeOlugbemiro Jegede

Collateral Learning and the Eco-Cultural Paradigm in Science and Mathematics Education in Africa

http://www.olugbemirojegede.com

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Pleased to be Here Thanks to the Vice Chancellor, Prof Joseph Ajienka for the

warm reception. Commend his giant strides towards excellence.

Gratitude to NAEMT and Prof Awotua-Efebo for the invitation; instinctive response as a teacher, teacher educator and e-learning & e-technology enthusiast .

Conversation is to create an awareness, sensitise us all in navigating the issue of technologies in teaching and learning.

No more within the Ivory Tower now a public servant. Need restrain not be quoted wrongly.

Will be constructive and use as basis major commentaries by others.

Apologies if your expectations are not met

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FocusIntroductionEducation and DevelopmentUse of Technologies in EducationGlobal Best PracticesOpen Technologies for 21st Century7th Generation of TechnologiesIssues & ChallengesThe FutureConclusion

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Dream with GodDream with God "So, you would like to "So, you would like to interview me?" God asked.interview me?" God asked.

"If you have the time," He said."If you have the time," He said.

God smiled. "My time is God smiled. "My time is eternity; what questions do youeternity; what questions do you

have in mind to ask me?”have in mind to ask me?”

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GOD ANSWERED...

""What surprises you What surprises you most about most about

NigeriansNigerians?..."?..."

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“That by thinking anxiously about the future, they forget the present, such

that they live in neither the present

nor the future.”

Obstacles to DevelopmentGoldman Sachs ranks Nigeria as one of N11

countries with great potential.Why can’t we turn this to positive end?Federal Government has identified the

obstacles:history of economic stagnation, declining

welfare and social instability for past 30 years.

In spite of our resource endowment & potential for growth, our visioning have not been sustained.

“Where there is no vision, the people perish..” Prov 29:18

What Vision?

Madiba says:

Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to

change the world”

Nelson Mandela

Security and Fairness‘human history becomes more and

more a race between education and catastrophe’ (HG Wells)

‘human insecurity comes in many forms. The most basic and lethal are illiteracy and innumeracy’ (Amartya Sen)

‘only the well educated will be able to act effectively in the Information Society’ (Michael Barber)

Indices of

Illiteracy

Education:

Our Today and

the Future

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Education & Development

All countries have demonstrated an irrevocable and unwavering commitment to education as tool for national and personal development.

They also regard the pursuit of education as an inalienable right of every citizen.

Education for AllUN Human Rights Charter (Dec

10, 1948) article 26 deals with the right to education by all

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

eradication of illiteracy, poverty, hunger

create intellectual connection to reality

use education as cornerstone of development

promote human security and fairness

Goals of Educationsustainable development

highly educated, mobile and adaptable workforce

multi-skilled and multi-tasked

a knowledge and a learning society

use of ecological and geographical conditions to a nation’s advantage

Boom &Challenges to HE in AfricaExpanding access

Improving qualityEnsuring equityEnormous and urgent need to continuously

train and refresh knowledge and skills Dwindling strategic funding supportObsolete curriculaDilapidated infrastructure

Impact of Challengesimpact is particularly pronounced in

Africa with ONE Billion people:with the world’s highest illiteracy rates

lowest participation rates

huge capacity development needs

10million seeking employment annually

60% of the unemployed are youth, and

a massive demand for tertiary education.

Role of Higher EducationKey to diversify growing economiesKnowledge and skills are critical to growth and

development in the 21st CBuilding human resource baseProducing employable graduates and

professionalsSeeking greater participation from private sectorUsage as driver of the EFA and MDG goalsCombat diseases, reduce energy costs and

address climate change

In the Beginning…

Higher Education in Africa A series of reports by several commissions

(including: Ashby, Phelps-Stokes, De La Warr, Channon, Elliot, Asquith), University Colleges emerged in Africa.

The University College of Ghana in October 1948 with 92 students using the £1M from the Cocoa Marketing Board.

The University College, Ibadan opened in January 1948 with 148 students

The Khartoum University College opened in 1947

University College of Makerere opened in 1949 for East Africa

Rise to ExcellenceBefore and after Independence, African

Universities had excellent facilitiesProduced outstanding achievements in

research, teaching and community serviceGraduates competed globally with products

of Europe and American universitiesAfrican govts accepted and invested in HE

as necessary foundation for developmentGoals were modernisation of the social,

economic and political institutions

The Collapse of Educational

System?

Things Fell Apart Govts, especially the military detested academic

freedom, university autonomy, demonstrations. Brutal clamp down on campus riots. Military

raped and killed students in Zaire (1992), Burkina Faso (1987) Niger (1989) Cote D’Ivoire (1992) Kenya (1992), Nigeria (1973).

Damaging effects of the 1988 World Bank report on the Education in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Jomtien WCE for All (1990) and Dakar WEF (2000) on Basic education.

Civil wars – Liberia, Ethiopia, Somalia, Eriteria, Rwanda, Burundi, Namibia, South Africa and Nigeria

Effects on Higher Education

Establishment of universities stopped abruptly.

Sharp diminishing financial resources.Physical, managerial and intellectual

dilapidation.No more production of human

resources to develop Africa.Flight of the best brains to safe and

greener pastures.

Effects on Higher Education2Dwindling provision of funds to HEUncontrolled proliferation of for-profit

universitiesHuge unmet demand in HEObsolete curricula Inability to meet the skills demanded by the

private sector Inability to address balance between

enrolment and quality of educationUncertainty about what HE means to Africa in

the 21st C

Brain Drain

Only 30 % of Africans studying abroadreturn to the region after graduation - Jamil Salmi

Emerging Global HE Landscape

Knowledge economy is the in-thing

Knowledge capability and capacity, knowledge resources, not natural resources, greatest determinant of a country’s entry into and effective participation in global competitiveness

With lessons from emerging economies (Brazil, India and China), higher education must focus on local relevance, sustainable total development and social justice

From Oil or Braun to BrainTo make the transition to a knowledge

economy, that will create jobs and reduce poverty, we must make appropriate investments in:

Knowledge as embodied in human brain (human capital)

Effective and world class institutions, Relevant technologies, and Innovative and competitive enterprises

Global Best Practices[GBP]

understanding principlesunderstanding principles

Wise Society

DataData UnderstandingUnderstanding

Context Context independenceindependence

informationinformation

knowledgeknowledge

wisdomwisdom

[Adapted from Bellinger 1999][Adapted from Bellinger 1999]

understanding patternsunderstanding patterns

understanding relationsunderstanding relations

00 SpatialSpatial

TemporalTemporal

Flexibility in time, space, contentFlexibility in time, space, contentNon formal

Formal

Informal

Adult

Home

School

Work

Retire

Self-directed learningSelf-directed learning

Sharing with othersSharing with others

Varied learning stylesVaried learning styles

Learning SocietyLearning Society

Diversity of Learning Spaces

Indices of Best

Practices

Indices of GBPStrategic plan

Entrenched Quality Assurance and sticking to standards

Meritocracy & Excellence

Forging a Close-knit professional, academic, cultural Community; Involving Students in all aspects of the institution

Top-notch academic and managerial staff

No or minimum disruption of academic year

Teaching & LearningHighly qualified academic staff and

continuous staff developmentQuality teachingA good mix of old and young academicsOlder staff as role models and mentorsPublishing of books, teaching materials

and other materials through well established protocols.

Deployment and daily use of modern teaching facilities

Learning & Teaching are dependent on Technologies

television broadcast

CD-Rom/VCD/DVD

computers

multimedia

e-learning

m-learning

Open Educational Resources

Social networks (blogs, twitter)

Chalk and the Black Board

print

telephone

audiocassettes

videocassettes

radio broadcast

Delivery Delivery TechnologiesTechnologies

Open Open Technologies: Technologies: a 21a 21stst Century Century

ImperativeImperative

Inevitable Development The use of emerging communication technologies,

network of libraries, virtual institutes, virtual laboratories, educational portals, social media in instruction, research and communication with students, colleagues and peers

Recognise niche universities: teaching universities, research universities, specialised universities

Produce graduates with broad-based knowledge for the emerging learning society

Mass instruction through Open and Distance Learning (ODL);Open Education Resources; MOOC

Technology & TeachingTechnology always had a defining role in

teaching/instructionMoses (the first known ODL student) received

instruction through two tablets of stoneWritten letters were sent to Ephesus, Corinths,

Galatia, Thessalonica, Philipi and OthersUse of Technology in ODL has progressed

from Print to The Web/InternetTechnology has become the strategic agent

for empowerment and transformation41

MindMap

Generations of Technology James Taylor (2001) has categorised the models

of delivery technologies into generations:

First generation – Correspondence model

Second Generation – The Multi-Media model

Third Generation – The Telelearning Model

Fourth Generation – The Flexible Learning Model

Fifth Generation- The Intelligent Flexible Learning Model

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Open ResourcesThe versatility and ubiquity of

technology,

combined with creativity and innovation has led to what we should perhaps call the Sixth Generation:

Open Resources Model

Characterised by OERs and MOOCs45

What is OER?

Two most frequently used definitions:

Teaching, learning and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others” (Hewlett Foundation)

Materials offered freely and openly to use and adapt for teaching, learning, development and research (COL)

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OER Declaration

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There is now a Global Directory of over 400 entries of OER world wide initiatives

OER on the MoveOERs include full courses, course materials,

modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge

Made popular in 2002 by the MIT OpenCourseWare project

Africa’s participation have been through SAIDE’s OER Africa and AVU’s Teacher Education project and OER Repository

COL is a main proponent and supporter of OER

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MOOC/DROOLMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has

bourgeoned to popularise open pedagogy.MOOCs coined by Stanford lecturers in 2011

to capture massive free participation online by thousands and millions of learners.

MOOCs is also known as DistRibuted Open Online Learning (DROOL)

MIT Review calls MOOC “the most important education technology in 200yrs”

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Scalability and Focus

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Xristics of MOOCMOOC providers include: Coursera, EdX,

Class2Go, Carnegie Mellon University Open learning Initiative, FutureLearn Inc, Institute des Mines – Telecom, and Iversity, Udacity

Promotes sharing of open contentUses non-traditional mode of assessmentNew mode of recognition and certification –

badges Platform for subject matter experts to interactAllows academic to have educational cake and eat

it too!51

7th Generation?

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21st Century Social Media

Emerging power

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Social media, e.g Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr, Tumblr, Pinterest, Google+, Instagram, Linkedin etc may now constitute 7th generation of models of E-Technology

Conclusion

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The Challenges & Issues

Patterns of Specification for E-learning & Technologies

Issues Decision on why, which Technologies and

for whom.Learner Support System: will include

comprehensive administrative, psychological, physical infrastructural and communal support

Accreditation, Standards and Assessment in 21st century ODL.

Custom-made instruction/content with a choice of appropriate technologies

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Approach to ID for Online Learning

Pedagogical approaches or perspectives:

Instructional design – the traditional pedagogy of instruction which is curriculum focused, and is developed by a centralized educating group or a single teacher.

Social-constructivism – this pedagogy is used in discussion forums, blogs, wiki and on-line collaborative activities. It is a collaborative approach that opens educational content creation to a wider group

©Jegede, 1998

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Challenges1. Keeping our focus about the objectives of

teaching and the real needs of the masses2. Use technology cost-effectively; the

simpler the better. Emphasis on the message, not the medium

3. Meeting the professional needs of practitioners: teachers, designers, etc

4. Socio-economic circumstances and demography

5. How to be on top of your game!

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The Future

Paying Attention to DetailsTechnology development is moving faster

than the speed of light

seemingly uncharted, unstructured and spontaneous emergence of courses and programmes in new platforms

We must pay serious attention to:

Technology

Learning Communities

Redefining Instruction

Emergence of Learning Analytics

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C21st WorldTechnology will increasingly dominate

domestic, economic and social lifeFinancial and economic world will

change into a plastic world Increase in demand for constant

communication and use of telecommunication

Society will become less personal, concentrate more on nuclear family

Unrivalled demand for education62

Use the imperatives of the 21st century for education, learning and development needs; new focus on teacher educ and HE

Embark on knowledge generation and emphasis on research and initiatives

Explore and exploit new learning tools and environment – enhance OER, social networks, MOOCs, Social Media

Use national satellite space for instruction and e-learning activities

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The C21st Way

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C21st Learnerseasily bored, require multiple stimuliknow more about technology than teachers

and parentsunreasonable expectations: learning is easy,

prosperity requires no hard workaccess to information= acquisition of

knowledge

Please, text, email or bbm

Check my web, facebook, blog or twitter

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C21st Teachersnot the boss but the facilitator

‘no longer sage on stage but guide on the side’

learning with technology must begin with educating teachers

must always operate within the students IT- driven learning environment

Should be equipped to relate globally to other teachers and learners

Learning in the 21st CBy 2025, over 60 per cent of learners will

study through ODLBy 2050, 75 per cent of those studying by ODL

will be between 18 to 25 years of ageMassive use of cutting edge technologies in

instruction with wider satellite coverageNew environment and new ways of learningNew definition of large campuses Learners will increasingly take control of their

learning situations

The Knowledge-based Economy

There are increasing signs that our current paradigms for higher education,

the nature of our academic programs, the organization of our colleges and

universities, and the way that we finance, conduct and distribute the services of

higher education may not be able to adapt to the demands of our time. J J Duderstadt (2001)

TransformationTransformation of self

(individual, institutional)

Transformation of practice (leadership, infrastructure)

Transformation of society (vision, mission, people )

Transformation of the environment (social, ecological, financial, networks)

What kind of transformation should we

aim at to effectively use technologies in teaching

and learning?

Sustainability &Technologies

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As we think anxiously about the

future, we must learn from our past

and use it as springboard for

purposeful living

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Education includes Education includes an appreciation that an appreciation that two people can look two people can look

at the same thing and at the same thing and see it very differently.see it very differently.

Otherwise we Otherwise we live neither in the present

nor for the future.”

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Thank you