re-emergence of dengue fever in the florida keys
DESCRIPTION
Re-emergence of Dengue Fever IN THE FLORIDA KEYS. Lucy Danso - Odei , MPH student Walden University PUBH 6165-2. Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Summer Term, 2010. Presentation is for Residents and Visitors of the Florida Keys. Agenda. Introduction The Florida Keys - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
RE-EMERGENCE OF DENGUE FEVER IN THE FLORIDA KEYS
Lucy Danso- Odei, MPH studentWalden University
PUBH 6165-2. Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin
Summer Term, 2010
Presentation is for Residents and Visitors of
the Florida Keys
AgendaIntroduction
The Florida Keys
The Dengue Virus -serotypes -mode of transmission -re-emergence of diseasePrevalence
Dengue Fever
AgendaDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
Preventive Methods
Treatment
Conclusion
References
Further reading
I. Introduction to Dengue Fever
Affects at least 50 million people every year. (WHO, 2008). Endemic in over 100 countries. (Teo, Ng & Lam, 2009, p.66). 2.5% of 500,000 hospitalized, die yearly. (WHO,2008).
Over 2.5 billion people worldwide at risk. (CDC, 2008).
Climate is similar to that of the Carribean Islands.
Superb weather conditions offer a tropical vacation.
Florida has an abundance of mosquitoes.
Mosquito spraying programs are not popular.Reference:
NPR NEWS (2010). Dengue Fever in Florida Portends A Growing Problem. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/05/20/127016467/dengue-fever-outbreak-in-florida-portends-a-growing-problem
II. The Florida Keys
II. Cont’d: The Florida Keys
Abundance of mosquito
breeding sites .With permission from Joe Raedle, Getty ImagesLawrence Smart from Miami-Dade Mosquito Control looks for mosquito larvae in vehicle tires where water has collected so he can eradicate them on July 16 in Miami Beach, Fla. Cases of dengue fever have been found in Key West and other parts of the state. Reference:
NPR NEWS, (2010). Dengue Fever in Florida Portends A Growing Problem. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/05/20/127016467/dengue-fever-outbreak-in-florida-portends-a-growing-problem
III. The Dengue Virus
Definition
A Flaviviridae virus
Small and lipid-enveloped
A positive-stranded RNA virus.
III. Cont’d: The Dengue Virus
Serotypes
DEN-1 DEN-2 DEN-3 DEN-4
Reference:Teo, D., Ng, L., & Lam, S. (2009). Is dengue a threat to the blood supply?. Transfusion Medicine, 19(2), 66-77. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00916.x.
Picture, courtesy of Google Images
Mode of Transmission
Through
mosquito bites.
blood transfusion organ
transplantation.
III. Cont’d: The Dengue Virus
Re-emergence is due to:
Increased Aedes mosquito population
Expanding geographic distribution of mosquito vectors
Multiple serotypes
A viremic returning traveler
III. Cont’d: The Dengue Virus
Reference:Center for Disease Control, (2008). Retrieved September 2008 fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/DVBID/DENGUE/. Accessed September 2008.
IV. Prevalence At least 50 million people affected every year.
(WHO, 2008). Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is endemic in
over 100 countries. (Teo, Ng & Lam, 2009). 100 million cases of Dengue Fever (DF) reported
annually. (WHO, 2008).
Over 2.5 billion people worldwide live in areas potentially at risk for dengue. (CDC, 2008).
Reference:Centre for Disease Control, (2008) Retrieved September, 2008 from http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/DVBID/DENGUE/. Teo, D., Ng, L., & Lam, S. (2009). Is dengue a threat to the blood supply?. Transfusion Medicine, 19(2), 66-77. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00916.x. World Health Organization, (2008). Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. WHO Fact Sheet. WHO, Geneva.
V. Dengue Fever
Incubation period - between 3-8 days .
Full recovery generally after 7-10 days.
Age determines clinical symptoms.
Fever ≥ 39 degrees Celsius.
Retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting.
Reference: World Health Organization. (2004). Dengue fever in Indonesia. Accessed October 12, 2004 fromhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_02_26a/en;
VI. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
An acute febrile illness
Bleeding is characteristic.
Results in thrombocytopenia and plasma leakage.
Reference: World Health Organization. (2004). Dengue fever in Indonesia. Accessed October 12, 2004 from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_02_26a/en;
VII. Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
DHF may result in DSS.
Characterized by circulatory failure. Death can occur within 12 to 24
hours
Reference:World Health Organization. (2004). Dengue fever in Indonesia. Accessed October 12, 2004 fromhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_02_26a/en;
VIII. Dengue And Blood Donor Availability
Infected people cannot donate blood.
Screening tests for dengue are available.
Effective pathogen reduction processes for blood supply also available.
Reference:Teo, D., Ng, L., & Lam, S. (2009). Is dengue a threat to the blood supply? Transfusion Medicine, 19(2), 66-77. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00916.x.
IX. Preventive Methods
Elimination of mosquito-breeding places. Implementation of good surveillance systems.
Development of effective vaccines.
Live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccines also being developed.
Reference:World Health Organization. (2004). Dengue fever in Indonesia. Accessed October 12, 2004 from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_02_26a/en;
X. Treatment
Supportive care. Fluid volume maintenance. Electrolyte balance monitoring. Platelet transfusion.
Reference:World Health Organization. (2004). Dengue fever in Indonesia. Accessed October 12, 2004 from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_02_26a/en;
XI. Conclusion
5% of Key West population infected in 2009. Florida Keys has 28 cases of dengue
fever. Absence of mosquito control program. Florida Keys has abundance of
mosquitoes. Florida – a popular vacation
destination.
Questions
References AOL News, (2010). Dengue Fever Cases Reported in Parts of Florida.
Retrieved from http://www.aolnews.com/article/florida-has-new-problem-dengue-fever/19567294
Center for Disease Control, (2008). Retrieved September 2008 fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/DVBID/DENGUE/. Accessed September 2008
Gurugama, P., Garg, P., Perera, J., Wijewickrama, A., & Seneviratne, S. (2010). DENGUE VIRAL INFECTIONS. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 55(1), 68-78. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.60357.
NPR NEWS (2010). Dengue Fever in Florida Portends A Growing Problem. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/05/20/127016467/dengue-fever-outbreak-in-florida-portends-a-growing-problem
Ranjit, S., Kissoon, N., & Shamarao, S. (2009). Dengue viral infections and shock syndromes: An overview. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 4(2), 107-117. doi:10.3233/JPI-2009-0164.
Reuters, (2010). More than 1,000 exposed to dengue in Florida: CDC. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE66C65X20100713
References Cont’d Sung, V., O'Brien, D., Matchett, E., Brown, G., & Torresi, J. (2003).
Dengue Fever in Travelers Returning from Southeast Asia. Journal of Travel Medicine, 10(4), 208-213. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
Teo, D., Ng, L., & Lam, S. (2009). Is dengue a threat to the blood supply? Transfusion Medicine, 19(2), 66-77. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00916.x.
World Health Organization. (2004). Dengue fever in Indonesia.
Accessed October 12, 2004 from
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_02_26a/en; World Health Organization, (2008). Dengue and Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever. WHO Fact Sheet. WHO, Geneva.
Wilder-Smith, A., Chen, L., Massad, E., & Wilson, M. (2009). Threat of dengue to blood safety in dengue-endemic countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15(1), 8-11. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text database
Further ReadingFor stories about survivors: 'Indescribable, crazy pain': Surviving dengue fever. Retrieve from
http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/07/22/dengue.fever/?hpt=Sbin
For information about Prevention: Dengue Prevention and Control Activities Receive a Boost, WHO, TDR News, No. 68, June 2002, available
online at http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/tdrnews/news68/dengue.htm
For general information Reuters. Dengue fever cases in Singapore nears record level. Accessed October 12, 2004 http://www.reuters.com/printerFriendlyPopup.jhtml?type-healthNews&storyID_6292412. Chinaview. (2004). Vietnam reports more dengue fever cases. Accessed October 12, 2004 at http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-09/21/content_2001929.htm. World Health Organization. Dengue. Accessed October 12, 2004 at http://www.who.int/tdr/dw/dengue2004.htm. World Health Organization. Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Accessed October 12, 2004 at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/
Detailed advice on managing patients with DHF can be obtained at http://www.who.int/emc/diseases/ebola/Denguepublication/index.html