re-engagement: achieving a higher level of integration through facade design
DESCRIPTION
Facade + | Chicago Conference | Doerfler PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Re-engagement: Achieving a Higher Level of Integration through Façade Design
JamesDoerfler,AIA
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Collaboration vs.
Silos
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Integrated Building Envelopes
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Integrated Building Envelopes
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College of Architecture and Environmental Design
Architecture Architectural Engineering
Landscape Architecture
City and Regional Planning
Construction Management
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College of Architecture and Environmental Design
CAED(now)
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College of Architecture and Environmental Design
CAED(future)
BASIS OF NEED
If the envisioned condition is a new A&AA that can exploit the synergy found between deep knowledge, meaningful innovative research, and creative practice, then we need a new model & a new design strategy for defining spaces & relationships.
DESIGN STRATEGY
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Integrated Building Envelopes
Model for Integration: What does the future bring?
How can systems be used in the 21st century?
• Can they be applied across a broad range of projects? Rather than a one-off?
• How can architects be involved in building systems innovation?
• How can architects stay relevant professionals in the process? More than just designers? Be part of an integrated project team.
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Integrated Building Envelopes
Kieran Timberlake, Model for the Future, from Refabricating Architecture
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Integrated Building Envelopes
Kieran Timberlake, Model for the Future, from Refabricating Architecture
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Integrated Building Envelopes
Kieran Timberlake, Model for the Future, from Refabricating Architecture
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Integrated Building Envelopes
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Integrated Building Envelopes Warren Weaver’s Three Stages of Modern Science, from Science and Complexity, 1948
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Integrated Building Envelopes fromLima,VisualComplexity
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Integrated Building Envelopes
Clusters Synthe9corAtomizednodes
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fromLima,VisualComplexity
Integrated Building Envelopes
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The Class: Integrated Building Envelopes
JamesDoerfler,AIAandKevinDong,PE
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Inspira9on
Integrated Building Envelopes
• Howdoyouteachbestprac9cewithaintegratedframeworkinasingledisciplinarycurriculum?
• Awaytolinkstructuresandarchitecture
• AECintegra9on
• Exploredesignissuesnotpossibleincorecurriculum
• U9lizingtheinstructorsextensiveindustryexperience
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LearningOutcomesandGoals
Integrated Building Envelopes
• Developanunderstandingofinterdisciplinaryteams
• Developcommunica9onandnego9a9onskills
• Understandtheprocessofdesignandconstruc9onsequencing
• Understandtherela9onshipoftheskintothebuildingframeandperformanceissues
• Provideprojectsthatemulaterealworldsitua9ons
• Createawareness,thenunderstandingoffaçadesystems
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3Releases
Version1:Analog(unstructured)year1
Version2:Digital(specifictool:Revit)years2‐5
Version3:Synthesis(performancebased)years6‐7
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Classstructure• Lecturesandroundtables
• BIMTrainingSessions
• Project1:ShopfrontDesign
• Project2:CaseStudyEnvelopeAnalysis
• Project3:EnvelopeDesign
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project 1: Shopfront
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Project 1: Shopfront Design
Propose a design for an breezeway area being renovated on campus
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project 1: Curtain Wall Mock-up
Revit model
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project 2: Case Study
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Integrated Building Envelopes
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“…in9mateinterac9onisessen9altotherealiza9onofasuccessfulnaturallyven9latedbuilding,aseachdiscipline’sdesignproposalshaveanimpactonalltheotherdisciplinesinacascadingfashion“–ErinMcConahey,OveArup.
AGGRESSIVEGOALSREQUIREATRUETEAM
Integrated Building Envelopes
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NaturalVen>la>on
Southeast Façade
Northwest Façade
• As the southeast façade is heated by the sun, the warm air in the interstitial space rises and draws cool air from the shaded northwest façade, aided by the northwesterly winds
• The low vents on the north side, with the high vents on the north side, create a stack effect
Integrated Building Envelopes
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3dCutaway–NorthFacade
Integrated Building Envelopes
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3dCutaway–SouthFacade
Integrated Building Envelopes
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TheFaçadeatWork
Integrated Building Envelopes
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EnergyUsage
Integrated Building Envelopes
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IPDSchemavsDesignAssist
AgencyOwner
ArchitectEngineers
GCSubs
Predesign Schematic Design
Design Developmen
t
Construction
Documents
Agency Permit / Bidding
Construction
Closeout WHO
REALIZE HOW
WHAT
WHAT WHO
HOW
AgencyOwnerArchitect
EngineersGC
Subs
Conceptual-ization
Criteria Design
Detailed Design
Implementation Documents
Agency Coord / Final Buyout
Construction
Closeout
REALIZE
Integrated
Design-assist
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Construc>onissues• Two contractors: Permasteelisa + Curtain wall Systems USA • Steel congestions was not part of the original intent
Integrated Building Envelopes
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• Structurethattrulyreflectsthenaturalven9la9onprogram,theneedforcavityfloorsforchases,services,data,andfuturebuildingmodifica9ons.
• Upstandbeams,anunusualstructuralsolu9on,slabshungfrombeams
• Allowsairflowacrosstheboeomofthecoolingthermalmass
• SlabswithintegratedsensorsaspartoftheB.A.S.system
• CastinPlaceHalfenChannelanchorsfortruly4wayadjustment
• Thickconcretecolumns&specialwavedslabsforthermalmass
TrueStructuralIntegra>on
UpstandBeamDownstand
Beam
UnrestrictedAirflow
RestrictedAirflow
Services
ThermalMass
IsolatedThermalMass
Integrated Building Envelopes
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ConcreteCoresWithSlabBeams
NearlyIden>calFaçadeStructure
WavedSlab&UpstandBeam LargeConcreteColumns
Integrated Building Envelopes
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HalfenChannel–T‐BoltSystem• HalfenChannelallowsfor
precisionconnec9onsfromthemainslabedgetothegravity/lateralconnec9onsystems.
• ChannelwithT/boltallowsforhorizontalmovementwhilever9calslotscombineforfourwaymovement.
• Curtainwallsystemstopandboeomaeachedwithsamesystem,formaximumadjustment
• Smallgapsbetweentheglasscurtainwallsystemrequireprecisioninstalla9on
VisibleChannel
Edge
SolidConcrete
Embedment
Integrated Building Envelopes
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SuspendedFacadeFromTheEdgeOfSlab
TensionForcesCompressionForces
BendingForces
• Wavedslabshangfromtheupstandbeams
• Halfenchannelanchorsconnectthetensionrodstothewalkwaysupports.
• ExteriorfaçadeprovidesweighttopreventupwardbucklingofthetensionrodsinanE.Q.
• Upstandbeamsconnecttoperimeterconcretecolumns
Integrated Building Envelopes
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SuspendedFacadeFromTheEdgeOfSlab
Resul>ngLateralForces
• Windpressurecreatesoutofplanebendingontheskinfaçade,whichistransferredtothesecondarystructure.
• Thewalkwaysupportanglesactincompressionortension(suc9onorpressure)
• Loadistransferredtotheslab,andgravityfromtheskinpreventstensionrodbucking
Out‐Of‐PlanallWallForces
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Walkway/FaçadeFramingSupport
BoltedAdjustableTensionRods
GapBetweenAnglesFor
Connec>ons
L‐Angles
Integrated Building Envelopes
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FinSideNearly‐Iden>calFramingScheme
Wind&EQForces
Torsion&LateralLoad
Integrated Building Envelopes
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PerforatedExteriorMetalSkin
Secondary3x3StainlessSteel
Tube
AluminumSupportClips
Bolted&WeldedAngles
MetalScrim
Integrated Building Envelopes
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TypicalAluminumClipToSupportBarToScrim
ALUMINUM
Integrated Building Envelopes
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PerforatedExteriorMetalSkinAluminumSupportClips
Bolted&WeldedAngles
MetalScrimTubeSpacersw/Screws
AluminumGuideBarsForStructure
AluminumClips&Bars
VentMotorSupports
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project 3: Envelope Design
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Project 3: Envelope Design
Project
ProjectTeam4analogv.1
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project 3: Envelope Design
Project
ProjectTeam4analogv.1
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project 3: Envelope Design
Project
ProjectTeam4
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project 3: Envelope Design
Project
ProjectTeam4
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project 3: Envelope Design
Project
ProjectTeam4
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Project3:BuildingEnvelopesJohnVierraMikeBurke
MichaelVachonLeighGuggemos
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Uni>zedGlazingSystem
• Custom designed onewith operablevents,theotherfixed.
• Ensures durability (maximum servicelife)ofinstalla9on
• Doubleglazedsystem–higherR‐value
• Low‐etoreduceenergyloadsand
• Improvecomfortclosetowall.
• More reliable seals achievable fromfactory construc9on and the reducedcostof labor in the factoryversus thatoffieldlabor.
ArchitectureBenefits
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Uni>zedGlazingSystem
• Schedulepriortothereleaseofshopdrawingsforwindowproduc9on,sothatthereisanopportunitytomakedesignchangesbasedonthetestperformanceofthefieldmock‐up
• Alertest,unitsarecompletelyassembledinafactoryandshippedtositeforinstalla9on.Unitsareplacedonthefloorsbundledincrates,usingatowercrane.
• Unitscanbebeassembled ina factorywhile thestructuralframe of the building is being construc9on. Where s9cksystems require mul9ple steps to erect and seal the wall,uni9zed walls arrive on the site completely assembledallowingthefloorstobeclosedinmorequickly.
• Requiremul9pletestwiththefirsttestonini9alinstalla9onsandlatertestsatapproximately35%,70%,andatfinalcompe99ontocatchproblemsearlyandtoverifycon9nuedworkmanshipquality.Requireaddi9onaltestedalersecondskingetsaeached.
Construc>onSequencing
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Uni>zedGlazingSystemConstruc>onSequencing
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Uni>zedGlazingSystemStructureInDetail
Interlockingmaleandfemaleprofilesprovidegoodresistancetoseismicmovements.
Integrated Building Envelopes
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SouthDoubleSkinnedFaçade:VentedCavity
Integrated Building Envelopes
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SouthDoubleSkinnedFaçade:StructureInDetail
Integrated Building Envelopes
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SouthDoubleSkinnedFaçade:StructureInDetail
Integrated Building Envelopes
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EastGreenFacade:Sustainability
100`2greenpanels=13foot‐hightree
Summeraircondi>oningreduced
BufferCityNoiseandVibra>on
NaturalHealingandRelaxingGreenery
HeatandUVRayProtec>on
Integrated Building Envelopes
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EastGreenFacade:Construc>onSequencing
1‐ExteriorSupportArmsbyHand
2–Uni>zedGlazingSystembyCrane
3–HorizontalSteelBracing
4–GreenLouverbyCrane
Integrated Building Envelopes
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CostEs>mate:CompleteConstruc>onCost
Integrated Building Envelopes
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Integrated Building Envelopes
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LessonsLearned+GroupDynamics
‐MoreConstruc>onManagementinvolvement
+Guestspeakers
‐Neededmoremechanicalengineerinvolvement
‐Reinforcesustainabilityissues
+/‐Providetrainingandamechanismforstrongercollabora>onandincreasingcommunica>onusingBIM
+Exposestudentstotheen>reprocessofanintegratedprojectfromschema>cstoinstalla>on
+/‐Usingdigitalinforma>onacrossdisciplinesincreasescommunica>on
Integrated Building Envelopes
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OutcomesStudentfeedbackhasbeenposi>vefor7years
IncreaseddetailingknowledgeanddrawingevidencewasanissuewithBIMinterface
BIMstudentcomments:
• Trainingand>meissues
• Designandcrea>vity• Documenta>onandextrac>onofinforma>on
• Communica>on
Integrated Building Envelopes
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InfluenceontheCurriculumThesuccessofthisclassspurredonotherinterdisciplinary
Ini>a>ves:
CollaboratoryDesignStudio–a2quarter(20week)interdisciplinarydesignstudioteam‐taught(Doerfler,Dong,Fowler,Cabrinha),NCARBPrizewinner
GraduateResearchStudio–grantsupportedrealworldinterdisciplinarydesignstudioformasterofsciencestudentsintwodisciplines
OtherdepartmentsintheCollegehavechangedtheircurriculumtorequireaninterdisciplinaryexperience.
Integrated Building Envelopes
ThankstoKevinDong,MikeMontoya,andmanyguestlecturersandreviewers