Department of Urban Development, Uttar Pradesh

Re-use of Treated Waste Water in Uttar Pradesh

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26-09-2019

STPs in Uttar Pradesh

In Uttar Pradesh there are 104 STPs constructed under different programme with installed capacity of 3298 MLD.

At present total 56 STP of capacity 1281.33 MLD are under

construction in different programme.

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The treated effluent of the STPs is used for irrigation at following

locations.

Prayagraj Naini STP (80 MLD)

Kanpur Jajmau STP (5 MLD, 130 MLD & 43 MLD )

VaranasiGoithaha STP

(120 MLD)

Bhagwanpur STP

(9.8 MLD)

DLW STP

(12 MLD)

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Re-use of Treated water in Prayagraj

The effluent sewage disposal from 80 MLD STP, Naini

(i) Naini Effluent Channel to Naini sewage farm &

(ii) Dandi sewage farm through Dandi Rising Main and sewer line.

Length: The Length of Naini Effluent Channel is approx 6.50 km. and Dandi sewer

line is approx. 9.00 km

Catchment Area: The catchment area of Naini Sewage farm is 435 hectares and

Dandi sewage farm is 416 hectares.

Discharge: The capacity of discharge of Naini Effluent Channel is 3750 m³/hr

(approx.)

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Naini Effluent Channel

Aerial view of Naini STP

Naini Effluent Channel Treated Water Reaching Farms

Naini Effluent Channel

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Dandi Effluent line at Prayagraj

View Video 1

View Video 2

View Video 3

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Re-use of Treated water in Kanpur

1. STP Located in Jajmau

Domestic Sewage Treated from STP of 5 MLD, 130 MLD &

43 MLD capacity is mixed with the treated effluent of 36

MLD CETP. Nagar Nigam Kanpur has constructed main

irrigation channel of 12.5 km (5 Km cemented & 7.5 km

non-cemented).

View Video7

Re-use of Treated water in Varanasi-DLW

DlW STP(12 MLD) – The treated water of DLW STP is used for irrigation of 89 acres of their township

and they have 8 water bodies inside their campus.These water bodies are used to dispose excess

treated water.

Golf Course Water Body Irrigation

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Re-use of Treated water in Varanasi-Bhagwanpur STP

1.0 MLD from Bhagwanpur STP though 9.8 MLD is available for reuse. Reduction in

farming land has resulted in lesser use of treated effluent. Around 4.0 Acre land is

being irrigated.

Golf Course Water Body

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Re-use of Treated water in Varanasi-Goithaha STP

20 MLD from Goithaha STP is being

used for irrigation.

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MOU’s for Re-use of Treated Effluent

MOU's has been signed for reuse of treated effluent in following town's/STPs

Mathura STP (30 MLD) for IOCL Mathura.A 20 MLD Tertiary Treatment Plant (TTP) will also be set up for the supply of treated wastewater to

Mathura refinery of IOCL. (MOU)

Bingawan STP(120 MLD), Kanpur for Panki thermal Power. (MOU)

A MOU has been signed for preparation of detailed project report

for supply of 115 MLD treated effluent from Noida to NTPC, Dadri.(MOU)

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Major re-use application types are :

1. Urban

2. Industrial

3. Agricultural

4. Environmental and recreational

5. Groundwater recharge

6. Augmentation of the river flow.

Types of Re-use Application

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Reuse of Treated Water at Different States/Cities-India

Waste Water Reuse for

Construction in Karnataka Waste Water Reuse for Vehicle

Washing at Karnatka

Waste Water Reuse for

Irrigation at Gujarat

Waste Water Reuse for

Irrigation in Dayanand Park,

Nagpur

Waste Water Reuse for Toilet

Flushing in Vanvasi NGO, Nasik

Waste Water Reuse for Cooling

Towers at Vasavi Power Plant,

Chennai 13

Sr Income Level Country Percentage of Waste Water Treated

1 High Middle 70%

2 Upper Middle 38%

3 Lower Middle 28%

4 Low income 8%

Waste Water Treatment according to Income level of countries

India – sewage generation

Currently, India has the capacity to treat approximately 37% of

its wastewater, or 22,963 million liters per day (MLD), against a

daily sewage generation of approximately 61,754 MLD according to

the report of the Central Pollution Control Board.

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State wise percentage generation of sewage

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State wise sewage generation – installed treatment capacity wise

Sl no. Statesewage generation in

urban areas ( MLD)

installed treatment

capacity(MLD)Percentage of treatment

1 Maharashtra 8143 5160.4 63

2 Uttar Pradesh 7124 3298.00 46

3 Gujarat 4119 3062.9 74

4 Delhi 4155 2693.7 65

5 Tamil Nadu 5599 1799.7 32

6 Karnataka 3777 1304.2 35

7 Punjab 1664 1245.5 75

8 Rajasthan 2736 865.92 32

9 Haryana 1413 852.7 60

10 Telangana 1671 685.8 41

11 Madhya Pradesh 3214 482.23 15

12 West Bengal 4667 416.9 9

13 Odisha 1121 385.54 34

14 Jammu & Kashmir 547 264.74 48

15 Kerala 2552 152.97 6

16 Uttarakhand 495 152.9 31

17 Bihar 1879 124.55 7

18 Jharkhand 1270 117.24 9

19 Himachal Pradesh 110 114.72 100

20 Goa 145 74.58 51

21 Puducherry 136 68.5 50

22 Mizoram 90 10 11

23 Meghalaya 95 1 1

24 Assam 703 0.21 0

25 Tripura 154 0.05 0 16

Country Wise - Waste Water generation & use of treated water

S.N. Country WW Generated

(Km3/year)

WW Treated (

Km3/year) /

Percentage

WW Used

(Km3/year)

Percentage (%)

WW used

1 USA 79.573 56.642 / 71% 2.345 3.8

2 Latin America 29.572 5.4702 / 18 % 0.5525 11

3 Israel 0.500 0.450 / 90% 0.262 60

4 Middle East 22.644 11.899 / 52% 3.685 30

5 Australia 2.094 1.779 / 85% 0.348 19

6 Europe 52.4422 34.857 / 66% 1.384 4

7 India 13.999 4.302 / 30% 0.450 10

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1. Waste water treatment and use in humid reason of developed countries ( N.

America , N. Europe and Japan ) are motivated by stringent effluent discharge

regulations and public preference regarding environment quality.

2. In arid and semi arid areas of developed countries ( Western N America , Australia

and S. Europe) treated waste water is used primarily for irrigation because of

increasing competition for water between agriculture and other sectors.

3. In Developing countries use of waste water in agriculture is because:

a) it is the only water source available for irrigation through out the year

b) waste water irrigation reduces the need for purchasing fertilizer.

C) waste water irrigation involves less energy cost.

d) waste water enable farmers in peri-urban areas to produce vegetables.

World wide treated water use

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Issues

1.Cholera epidemic in Chili in 1991 due to agriculture use of

untreated waste water

2. Jordan export market impact in 1991 as fruit and

vegetable irrigated with inadequately treated waste water.

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STP Cost Analysis

& Recommendations

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Parameter

India as per The

Environment

(Projection) Rules 1

India as per NGT

Order2

European waste

water

standards3

Australian

Waste water

standards4

US water quality

standards5

BOD (mg/L) 30 10 25 <20 <30

TSS (mg/L) 100 20 35 <30 <30

COD (mg/L) 250 50 125 N.A. N.A.

Nitrogen mg/l

Ammoniacal (mg/l) 50;

Free Ammonia (mg/l)

5.0

10 10 N.A. 10

Phosphorus mg/l 5 1 2 N.A. 1

Fecal Coliform

MPN/100mlN.A.

Desirable 100;

permissible 250N.A. N.A. 200

Comparison of treated sewage discharge standards

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Incremental Cost of Treatment

Sludge, 75

Headworks, 25

Primary, 50

Secondary, 75Tertiary, 75

Sludge, 10

Headworks, 3

Primary, 5

Secondary, 10

Tertiary, 15

Capex Cost per MLD : Rs. 250 to 300 lakhs O&M Cost per MLD : Rs. 35 to 45 per m3

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Incremental Cost of Treatment

8%

17%

25% 25% 25%

6%

12%

24%

35%

24%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Headworks Primary Secondary Tertiary Sludge

Capex Opex

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Unit Cost of incremental BOD Removal

1.00 0.77

5.60

-

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Incremental costs for BOD Removal

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Planning

Plan & Design Sewerage

Treatment Infrastructure

for next 50 years

Implementation Phase 1

Phase 1: Treat all untreated

sewage with only preliminary

& primary treatment

Implementation Phase 2

Treat all primary treated sewage with

secondary treatment biological technologies

to meet 10/10 standards such that treated

wastewater can be used for irrigation &

industrial applications

Implementation Phase 3

Treat secondary treated

wastewater to meet tertiary

treatment standards for industrial

and other non-potable uses

Plans should be developed for complete development. Since it is challenging to accurately forecast and visualize all scenarios for a 50 year period the on ground development should be split into multiple stages. Since planning is not a costly activity, it should be taken up for a period of at least 50 years (equivalent to expected life of most civil assets) but the implementation should be done in phases to achieve highest return on investment and in the most timely manner.

High cost-benefit ratio. About 50 to 60% pollution reduction can be

reduced by adopting only preliminary and primary treatment along

with anaerobic digestion (where possible). Benefits:

• removal of plastics, rags, suspended solids (about 50%) d associated

organic pollution

•Low energy & low O&M costs (which is a big challenge)

High cost and difficult to select appropriate technology as it is dependent on various factors eg. Removal of plastics, rags, suspended solids (about 50%) and associated organic pollution

Very high cost and difficult to select appropriate technology as it is dependent on various factorseg. Without reuse potential, upgrading to high quality treated water would essentially lead to discharging high value treated wastewater into potentially polluted water bodies

Phased Development of Sewage Treatment & Water Reuse Infrastructure

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15 year O&M Cost

(60 to 70%)

Capital Cost

(20 to 25%)

Engineering Cost

(5 to 10%)

Better up-front engineering can help significantly reduce the total project life-cycle costs!

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Thank You

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