reactions of the citric acid cycle. formation of citrate
TRANSCRIPT
Reactions of the citric acid cycle
Formation of citrate
Structure of citrate synthaseopen form of the enzyme alone
Structure of citrate synthaseclosed form with bound
oxaloacetate (yellow), carboxymethyl-CoA (red)
Citrate Synthase Mechanism I.
Citrate Synthase Mechanism II.
Citrate Synthase Mechanism III.
Formation of isocitrate via cis-aconitate
Irone-sulfur center in aconitase
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism
Step 1
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism
Step 2
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism
Step 3
Oxidation of -Ketoglutarate
to Succinyl-CoA and CO2
Conversion of Succinyl-CoA to Succinate
The succinyl-CoA
synthetase reaction
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Three-dimensional structures of Succinyl-CoA synthetase of E. coli
Oxidation of Succinate to Fumarate
Hydration of Fumarate to Malate
Oxidation of Malate to Oxaloacetate
Incorporation of the isotopic carbon (14C) of the labeled acetyl group into -ketoglutarate by the citric acid cycle
The prochiral nature of citrate
Structure of citrate
Schematic representation of citrate
X = -OH
Y = -COO-
Z = -CH2COO-
Correct complementary fit of citrate to the binding site of aconitase
Products of one turn of citric acid cycle
Biosynthetic precursors produced by an incomplete citric acid cycle in anaerobic bacteria
Role of the citric acid cycle in anabolism
Role of biotin in the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Biological tethers
Regulation of metabolite flow from the PDC through
the citric acid cycle
Dilution of a solution containing a noncovalent protein complex - such as one consisting of three enzymes - favors dissociation of
the complex into its constituents
Glyoxylate cycle
Electron micrograph of a germinating cucumber seed, showing a glycosome, mitochondria, and surrounding lipid bodies
Relationship between the glyoxylate and citric acid cycles
Coordinated regulation of glyoxylate and citric acid cycles