• Read and answer the Map Analysis on p. 468 and the questions on the bottom of p. 470-471 regarding exploration and the diffusion of ideas.

Objective:

• TLW examine the causes of European exploration and the effects on the native people through notes, activity, and discussion.

John Green says……

• Watch John Green World History Crash Course #25, The Spanish Empire, Silver, and Runaway Inflation.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos

Exploration• Throughout high Middle Ages and Renaissance,

Europeans more wealthy b/c of trade– fascinated by Far East (Marco Polo) – most countries settled down, kings had consolidated

power– new inventions/ideas from East: astrolabe, compass,

deep-draft ships, caravel

• 3 main reasons for European expansion

(the 3 G’s): God, glory, gold, conversion of heathen for God, glory for nation/monarch, gold for merchant/ adventurer

American Civilizations

Maya

Maya c. 300-900 AD

• Central America– had large cities centered around pyramid w/ shrine to

gods – city-states w/ hereditary rulers, nobles,

artisans/merchants, peasants, slaves– polytheistic, used human sacrifice to appease gods

and celebrate events

• Sophisticated calendar used both solar calendar (365 days) and sacred calendar– don’t know why it declined

Aztec

Aztec c. 1100s-1500s AD

• Mexico, capital at Tenochtitlan– powerful warriors– believed in human sacrifice– scientific, calculated movement of some planets– believed sign of arrow through a tree meant gods

returning (Spanish cross)

• Conquistador – Spanish military leader who fought against Native Americans– Hernan Cortes- landed 1519 AD, welcomed by

Montezuma (king) but soon took him hostage and destroyed Aztec civilization

– Aztecs defeated by disease (smallpox) as much as by weapons

Inca

Inca c.1400-1535 AD• Peru/Chile area

– used llamas to transport goods

• great builders: roads and bridges, monuments w/o mortar (Machu Picchu)– no written language, kept records w/ knotted rope

(quipu)

• Francisco Pizarro- landed 1531 and defeated Incas after leader Atahualpa wouldn’t convert– Incas and Aztecs defeated by disease (smallpox) as

much as by weapons

Portuguese

• Prince Henry the Navigator led/financed expeditions down west coast of Africa discovered gold/slaves– 1488 Bartholomeu Dias-

• rounded tip of Africa, called Cape of Good Hope

– 1498 Vasco da Gama-• went around the Cape to India and back• set up trading posts throughout South and Southeast Asia,

controlled spice trade

– 1519-1522 Magellan-• circumnavigated world

Portuguese

Spanish

• Christopher Columbus was convinced earth not very big, reach Asia by sailing West from Europe (Columbus was Italian)– reached Cuba- October 1492

• Spain and Portugal first main explorers – Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - line of demarcation,

east controlled by Portugal, west by Spain

Portuguese and Spanish

England and France

• Cabot explored coast of Canada; Drake- Pacific NW; Hudson- New England for England

• Amerigo Vespucci – Italian explorer/mapmaker– Cartographer – journals of New World (Americas b/c him)

• French explored St. Lawrence Seaway– more traders than settlers, worked w/ Natives

• English settled into colonies – (Jamestown, Plymouth)– distrusted Natives– expanded, came into conflict w/ French as well as Natives