10;ffi+,u?*ffiEF:#.e+s:r*,ff#r=rffi "ffi#-m#mggg ffimffi#.Eemg# ,'#rm:;umu",fr'a;1ii:iliDo you thrnk you'resmarter than yourparentsand grandparents?According to JamesFlynn,a professor at a NewZealand university, youmightbe.Overthecourse of the lastcentury,lQtestscoresof people in some countrieshave gottenincreasinglybetter-onaverage,three points betterfor everydecadethat has passed.This trendof tmprovingscoresis known as "the Flynn effect,"andscientistswantto know what is behind it.le tests and othersimilar testsare designedto measure general intelligenceratherthan knowledge. Flynnknewthat intelligencets partlyrnheritedfrom our parents andpartly the result of our envrronmentandexperiences,but the improvementin testscoreswashappenrngtoo qurcklyto be explainedby heredity 1 So what happenedinthe20th centurythat led to highertestscores?Scientists have proposed severalexplanations for the Flynn effect.Some su8Sestthatthe irnproved testscores simplyreflect an increasedexposure to tests tn general.Because we take so manytests,we learn test-takingtechnrques that help us performbetter.Others have pointed to better nutrition,whichresults in babiesbeing bornlarger,healthieland with nrorebraindevelopmentthan in the past.Another possibleexplanationis a change in educationalstyles-childrenare encouraged to dtscoverthings for themselvesrather than just memorrzing information.This could preparepeopleto do the kindof problem-solvingthat lntelliSencetests requtre.Flynnhrmselfsuggestedthat Iearnrng new technologtesmay haveimproved people'sproblem-solvingskills. This may be truefor the first decade of histests,when tQscores rn many countriesincreased.However,tn recent years, lQ testscores tn somecountrieshavebegunto decline.Datafrom Norway, the Netherlands,Australta,andGreatBritain haveshownthat as thesecountriesbecomemore and moremodern,lQscores havebegunto drop.Whilescientists aren't surewhat's causrngthis decline, they think technologyisdramaticallychangingthe way that we learn and get information.For example, peoplearenowable to accessall kindsof informationvery easilyusing onlineresources likeGoogleorWikipedia.Tne danger is whenthey start to relytoo muchon these sourcesof information,and not do any thinkingfor themselves.Lrfestylechangesthatcome withmoderntechnologymayalsohave a negattveeffecton intelllgence,such as video gamesandtelevisionmaking people less social. So whilethe worldmay have gottensmarteroverthe2Oth century improving technologyandchanging lifestylesmaysoonreversethat trend.1 Heredityisthe processby whichfeaturesandcharacteristicsare passedon toyou fromyourparentsthroughyourgenes.iit.,ui,l:"+i..i*r'ri152542/I1lII:EChoosethebest answerforthe following questions.Use the wordweb fromA to helpyou.1 What best describes theFlynn effect?I aa wayto measureintelligenceXnan increasein lQ test scores;r ca way of teachinguniversitystudentsdan explanationfor why people are less smart2 TheFlynn effect is probably the resultofahereditybourenvironment andexPeriencesctaking fewertestsdmemorizinginformation3 lQ tests evaluateour -- 'aknowledgebenvironmentcintelligencedmemories4 Whodoes others in line14referto?ababiesbscientistsc people in generaldpeoplewho taketests5 Which sentence givesthe main idea of the passage?aThis trend of improving scores is known as "theFlynn effect,"andscientists wantto know what isbehind it.bBecausewe take so many tests, we learn test-takingtechniques thathelpus perform better.cHowever,in recentyears,lQ test scores in somecountrieshave begunto decline.dLifestylechangesthat come withmoderntechnologymay alsohave a negativeeffect on intelligence.6 The writeruses video gamesas an exampleof howawe are becomingless socialbtechnologyincreasesproblem-solvingskillsc people don'tthink forthemselvesdcountries are becomingmore technologicallyadvanced7 Whichstatement wouldthewriterprobably agree with?aPeopletodayare moreintelligent in every way.bPeopletodayhave fewer problems to solve.cPeopletodaydon'ttake enoughtests.dPeopletodayuse computerstoo much.ll*rlr'343