real time charitable giving
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
1/25
Real Time Charitable Giving
Why mobile phone users texted millions of dollars in aidto Haiti earthquake relief and how they got their friendsto do the same
Aaron Smith, Pew Internet Project, Senior Research Specialist
January 12, 2012
Pew Research Centers Internet & American Life Project1615 L St., NW Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-419-4500 | pewinternet.org
Supported by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundat
pewinternet.org/mobilegiving
http://pewinternet.org/mobilegivinghttp://pewinternet.org/mobilegiving -
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
2/25
2
KeyFindings
TechnologyisincreasinglyrelevanttoAmericansmonetarycontributionstothecausesand
organizationstheysupport.PreviousresearchfromthePewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLife
ProjecthasfoundthatoneinfiveUSadults(20%)havemadeacharitablecontributiononline,andthat
oneinten(9%)havemadeacharitablecontributionusingthetextmessagingfeatureontheirmobilephone.MobilegivingplayedanespeciallyprominentroleduringtheaftermathoftheJanuary2010Haiti
earthquake,asindividualdonorscontributedanestimated$43milliontotheassistanceand
reconstructioneffortsusingthetextmessagingfeatureontheircellphones.
Thisnewmodeofengagementoffersopportunitiestophilanthropiesandcharitablegroupsforreaching
newdonorsundernewcircumstancesasmessagesspreadvirallythroughfriendnetworks.Atthesame
time,itposesnewchallenges,includingtheuncertaintyinfund-raisinggroupsaboutwhetherthesenew
donorswillremainengagedoncetheymaketheirdonation.Inanefforttomorefullyunderstandthe
worldofmobilegiving,thePewInternetProject,inpartnershipwiththeBerkmanCenterforInternet&
SocietyatHarvardUniversityandthemGiveFoundation,andsupportedbytheJohnS.andJamesL.KnightFoundation,conductedthefirstin-depthstudyofmobiledonors.Thisreportonthosewhogave
totheTextforHaiticampaignisbasedontelephonesurveyswith863individualswhocontributed
moneytotheHaitiearthquakeeffortsusingthetextmessagingfeatureontheircellphones,andwho
consentedtofurthercommunicationsatthetelephonenumbertheyusedtomaketheirdonation.The
marginofsamplingerroris3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtothese
additionalcommunications.
Amongthekeyfindingsofthisresearch:
Theabilitytosendsmalldonationsusingmobilephonesfacilitatesimpulsegivinginresponseto
movingimagesorevents
ForasizeablemajorityoftheHaititextdonorssurveyed,theircontributiontoearthquakereliefwasa
quickdecisioninresponsetoimagestheysawontelevision,andinvolvedminimalbackgroundresearch.
Thevastmajorityofthesedonors(89%)heardabouttheTexttoHaitieffortontelevision,andhalf(50%)
madetheircontributionimmediatelyuponlearningaboutthecampaign.Anadditional23%donatedon
thesamedaytheyheardaboutit.Inadditiontoconductinglittleresearchbeforemakingadonation,
mosthavenotpaidcloseattentiontotheongoingreconstructioneffortsinHaiti43%havebeen
followingtheseeffortsnottoocloselyand15%havebeenfollowingthemnotatall.
Moregenerally,three-quartersoftheHaititextdonorsinthissamplesaythattheirtextmessage
contributionsusuallyresultfromspur-of-the-momentdecisionsthatdonotinvolvealotofadditional
research,while21%saythattheyusuallyresearchtheirtextcontributionsbeforehand.Onlinedonations
tendtoinvolvemoredeliberation,ashalfofthesedonorssaythattheytypicallydoalotofresearch
beforedonatingmoneyonline.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
3/25
3
ThetypicalHaititextdonorinoursurveywasafirst-timemobilegiverwhomadeasinglecontribution
toearthquakereliefusinghisorhermobilephone
Three-quarters(74%)ofHaititextdonorsinthissurveywerefirsttimemobilegivers,meaningthattheir
contributiontoearthquakereliefwasthefirsttimetheyhadusedthetextmessagingfunctionontheir
phonetomakeacharitablecontribution.Overall,80%ofthemobilegiversinoursurveydonatedtotheearthquakerecoveryeffortsusingonlytheircellphonesandnotusinganyothermethodssuchas
onlinecontributionsorin-persondonations.Aboutathirdofthemmademorethanonecontributionfor
Haitireliefusingtheirmobilephone.
AmajorityoftheHaititextdonorsinoursamplehavecontributedtomorerecentdisasterrecovery
effortsusingtheirphones
Morethanhalfofthedonorssurveyedhavemadetextmessagecontributionstootherdisasterrelief
effortssincetheirHaitidonation.Twoinfiveofthesedonors(40%)textedadonationtogroupshelping
peoplelivinginJapanfollowingtheMarch2011earthquakeandtsunami,27%textedadonationto
groupshelpingpeoplelivingintheUSGulfregionfollowingthe2010BPoilspill,and18%texteda
donationtogroupshelpingvictimsofthe2011tornadoesintheUnitedStates.Takentogether,56%of
Haitimobilegiversinoursamplemadeacontributiontoatleastoneoftheseevents.
Charitablegivinginthemobileagebythesedonorsisasocialnetworkingactivity,butmorethrough
in-personconversationsthanthroughonlinetools
Justunderhalf(43%)oftheHaititextdonorswesurveyed,encouragedtheirfriendsorfamilymembers
tomakeasimilarcontributionusingtheirmobilephones.Overall,mostoftheseeffortswere
successful76%oftheseencouragerssaythattheirfriendsorfamilymembersdidindeedmakea
contributiontoearthquakereliefusingtheirphonesandnon-whitesandyoungdonorswereparticularlylikelytospreadthewordamongtheirfriendnetworks.
Althoughtechnologyhelpedfacilitatetheirinitialdonation,thedonorswesurveyedweremorelikelyto
spreadthewordabouttheircontributionthroughface-to-faceconversationsthanthroughonline
means.Ofthosewhoencouragedafriendorfamilymembertocontribute,75%didsobytalkingwith
othersinperson,and38%didsoviavoicecall.Bycomparison,34%encouragedotherstocontributeby
sendingatextmessage,21%didsobypostingonasocialnetworkingsiteand10%didsoviaemail.
Thesemobilegiversarewillingtomakedonationsinanumberofwaysbutprefernottodosoby
makingaphonecall
Althoughdonatingtoorganizationsorcausesusingtextmessagingoffersadvantagesintermsofspeed
andconvenience,themobilegiverswesurveyedaredividedwhenitcomestotheirpreferredtoolfor
makingcharitablecontributions.Overall,textmessaging(favoredby25%oftheseHaititextdonors)and
onlinewebforms(favoredby24%)aremostpreferred,followedcloselybymail(favoredby22%)andin-
persondonations(favoredby19%).Voicecallingstandsoutfromthepackastheleastpreferredoption:
just6%oftheHaitimobilegiversweinterviewedprefermakingdonationsoverthephone.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
4/25
4
TheHaititextdonorsinthissurveyaresimilartoAmericansasawholewhenitcomestoparticipation
insocialorcivicgroupsandengagementwithnews,butdifferwhenitcomestotechnologyownership
Inthissurveywelookedatseveraldimensionsofthelivesofthesegivers.Theystandapartfromother
Americansinthattheyhavemoretechnologyintheirlives,buttheircivicprofileandtheirengagement
withnewsmirrorsthegeneralpopulation.Theyarenotnecessarilymajordonorsingeneral,thoughalmostallgiveatleastsomethingtoothercharities.
WhencomparedwithAmericansasawhole,theHaititextgiverswesurveyedarenomoreorless
involvedwithcharitableornon-profitgroupstheyareslightlymorelikelythanaveragetobelongtoa
communitygrouporneighborhoodassociation,buthavesimilarlevelsofinvolvementwitharangeof
othergroupssuchascharitableorvolunteerorganizations,politicalparties,andenvironmentgroups.
Theyalsofollowlocal,nationalandinternationalnewsalmostexactlyascloselyasthenationalaverage.
However,thesedonorsaredifferentwhenitcomestotheirtechnologyhabits,andaresignificantly
morelikelythanUSadultsasawholeto:
Ownane-reader(24%doso,comparedwith9%ofallUSadults),laptopcomputer(82%vs.
57%)ortabletcomputer(23%vs.10%).
UseTwitter(23%oftheHaitidonorswesurveyedwhogoonlineareTwitterusers,compared
with12%ofallonlineadults)orsocialnetworkingsites(83%vs.64%).
Usetheirphonesforactivitiessuchasaccessingtheinternet(74%doso,comparedwith44%of
alladultcellowners),takingpictures(96%vs.73%),recordingvideo(67%vs.34%)orusing
email(70%vs.38%).
Mobilegiversalsodifferinuniquewayswhencomparedwithothertypesofcharitablegiversin
particular,theyareyoungerandmoreraciallyandethnicallydiversewhencomparedwiththosewhocontributethroughmoretraditionalmeans.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
5/25
5
Acknowledgements
AboutthePewInternet&AmericanLifeProject
ThePewInternet&AmericanLifeProjectisaninitiativeofthePewResearchCenter,anonprofitfact
tankthatprovidesinformationontheissues,attitudes,andtrendsshapingAmericaandtheworld.The
PewInternetProjectexplorestheimpactoftheinternetonchildren,families,communities,thework
place,schools,healthcareandcivic/politicallife.TheProjectisnonpartisanandtakesnopositionon
policyissues.SupportfortheProjectisprovidedbyThePewCharitableTrusts.Moreinformationis
availableatwww.pewinternet.orgor@pewinternet.
AbouttheBerkmanCenterforInternet&Society
TheBerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyatHarvardUniversityisaresearchprogramfoundedto
explorecyberspace,shareinitsstudy,andhelppioneeritsdevelopment.Foundedin1997,througha
generousgiftfromJackN.andLillianR.Berkman,theCenterishometoanever-growingcommunityof
faculty,fellows,staff,andaffiliatesworkingonprojectsthatspanthebroadrangeofintersections
betweencyberspace,technology,andsociety.Formoreinformation,visit http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/
or@berkmancenter.
AbouttheJohnS.andJamesL.KnightFoundation
KnightFoundationsupportstransformationalideasthatpromotequalityjournalism,advancemedia
innovation,engagecommunitiesandfosterthearts.Thefoundationbelievesthatdemocracythrives
whenpeopleandcommunitiesareinformedandengaged.Formore,visitKnightFoundation.orgor
@knightfdn.
AboutthemGiveFoundationThemGiveFoundationfosterssocialadvancementbyenablinganenvironmentformobiletechnologyto
createefficiencies,accountability,andcommunicationtoextendthereachofthephilanthropic
community.FormedinOctober2009,ThemGiveFoundation(TMF)isa501c3publiccharityregistered
orabletosolicitcontributionsinallstatesworkingtoenhancethemobilegivingecosystem.TMFseeks
tofurthercultivatethecurrentstateofmobilegivingtoincreaseefficiency,accessandintegrationof
mobilegiving.Formoreinformation,visithttp://www.mgivefoundation.org/or@mGiveFoundation.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
6/25
6
Introductionandimportantinformationaboutthissample
OnJanuary12,2010amagnitude7.0earthquakestruckthenationofHaitinearthecapitalofPort-au-
Prince.Uptothreemillionpeoplewerekilled,injuredordisplaced.Thestorywasthemostheavily
coverednewseventinthetwoweeksafteritsoccurrenceandwasthedominanttopicinsocialmedia
conversationsatthetime.1
Itbecameoneofthemost-followednewsstoriesoftheyearintheUnitedStates
2andledtoamassiveassistanceeffortonthepartofcharities,NGOs,governmentorganizations
andindividuals.
Attheindividuallevel,oneofthemorenotableaspectsoftheresponsewasthewidespreaduseofthe
textmessagingfeatureonmobilephonestocontributetothedisasterrecoveryefforts.Thosedonations
wereencouragedbytheU.S.StateDepartmentandallowedcellphoneuserstomakeanautomatic
contributionof$10totherecoveryeffortsbyusingthetextmessagingfunctionontheircellphones(for
example,userscouldtextthewordHAITItotheshortcode90999tocontributetotheRedCross).In
themonthsfollowingtheearthquake,Americanscontributedmorethan$43millionviathisprogram.3
InanefforttounderstandthesemobilegiversthePewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLife
Project,inpartnershipwithHarvardUniversitysBerkmanCenterforInternetandSocietyandthemGive
Foundation,andsupportedbytheJohnS.andJamesL.KnightFoundation,conductedasurveyof
individualswhosentacontributiontoHaitiearthquakereliefusingthetextmessagingfeatureontheir
mobilephones.Thesurveywasaimedatexploringwhothesemobilegiversare,thetechnologiesthey
own,theirinvolvementwithcharitableorganizationsandcauses,whatothertypesofmobile
contributionstheyhaveundertaken,andhowtheyperceivemobilegivingincomparisontoothertypes
ofcharitablecontributions.
InformationaboutthissurveyandoursampleofHaititextdonors
Thissurveybeganwithatotalof565,211phonenumbersthatwereprovidedbythemGiveFoundation
forthepurposeofthisstudy.(mGiveprovidesbackendtechnologythatallowsorganizationstoraise
moneyviatextmessaging).EachphonenumberwasusedtomakeatextmessagecontributiontoHaiti
earthquakerelief,andeachdonorinoursampleagreedtoanopt-instatementatthetimeofhisorher
donationconsentingtoreceivefurthercontactsorcommunicationsatthatnumber.Thosewhoopted
outofsuchcommunicationsatthetimeoftheirdonationwerenoteligibleforthisstudy.Since
approximately4.3millioncontributionsweremadeviatextmessagetotheHaitirecoveryefforts,4the
groupfromwhichoursamplewasdrawnconstitutesroughly13%ofallsuchcontributions.Formore
informationonhowthesenumberswereobtained,seetheMethodologysectionattheendofthis
report.1Seehttp://www.journalism.org/index_report/social_media_aid_haiti_relief_effortand
http://www.journalism.org/index_report/twitter_and_youtube_continue_focus_haiti_while_blogs_move2Seehttp://www.people-press.org/2010/12/21/top-stories-of-2010-haiti-earthquake-gulf-oil-spill/
3SuzanneChoney,MobileGivingforChilepalescomparedtoHaiti,MSNBC.March12,2010.Availableat:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35822836/ns/technology_and_science-wireless/t/mobile-giving-chile-pales-
compared-haiti/4$43millionintotalcontributionsat$10percontributionequalsroughly4.3millionindividualdonations
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
7/25
7
BetweenSeptember19andOctober13,2011atotalof1,003surveyswerecompletedusingthisinitial
sampleof565,211phonenumbers.Inordertoparticipate,respondentswererequiredtobe18yearsof
ageandolder,andtohaveownedtheircurrentphonenumbersinceatleastJanuary2010.5Ofthese
1,003completedinterviews,137respondentsindicatedthattheydidnotremembermakingatext
donationtoHaitirelief.6Thesenon-donorswereremovedfromthefinalanalysis,leavingatotalof863
casesinwhichtherespondentindicatedthatheorshehadindeedmadeacontributiontoHaiti
earthquakereliefusingthetextmessagingfeatureontheircellphone.
Thereisalargercontextforthisanalysis.PewInternetsrepresentativesurveysoftheentirepopulation
showthat84%ofalladultshavecellphonesasofAugust2011,andthat76%ofthesecellownersare
texters.InJune2010andJanuary2012,weaskedabouttextdonationsingeneralpopulationsurveys
andfoundineachinstancethat9%ofallUSadultshadmadeacharitabledonationviatextmessage.
WhenthissampleofHaititextdonorsiscomparedtothenationalpopulationsampleofthosewhohad
textedadonationtoanycausebasedonthesetwosurveys,weseethefollowing:
TheHaititextdonorsinoursamplearemoreheavilyfemalethanthenationalpopulationoftextdonors.Two-thirds(64%)ofthedonorsinoursamplearefemale,comparedwith50%ofthe
textdonorsinournationalpopulationsurvey.
TheHaititextdonorsinoursamplehavehigherlevelseducationalattainment.Comparedwith
nationalaverageforalltextdonors,theHaitidonorsinoursamplearemorelikelytohavea
collegedegreeandarelesslikelytohavenotattendedcollegeatall.Thosewhohaveattended
collegebutnotreceivedadegreeareequallyprevalentinbothgroups.
OursampleofHaitidonorscontainsahigherproportionofwhitesandalowerpopulationof
Latinosthanarefoundinthetextdonorpopulationatlarge.African-Americanscomprisean
equalshareofbothgroups.
Theageandincomedistributionofthissampleisgenerallysimilartotheoverallpopulationoftext
givers.
5Thisrestrictionwasputinplacetoensurethatthephonenumberinquestionhadnotbeenreassignedtoanother
usersincetheoriginalcontributionwasmade.6Whilewedidnotprobeforadditionaldetailsinthesecases,itmaybethattherespondentdidnotremember
contributingorthatanotherperson(suchasafamilymember)actuallyusedthephonetomakethedonation.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
8/25
8
DemographiccompositionofHaitimobilegiversamplecomparedtonationalaverageforalltextdonors
Asterisksindicatestatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweengroups
HaitiTextDonor
Sample(n=863)
AllTextDonors
(n=150)Gender
Male 36% 50%*
Female 64* 50
Age
18-29 30 28
30-49 43 42
50-64 22 23
65+ 5 4
Race/Ethnicity
White,non-Hispanic 63* 51
Black,non-Hispanic 18 17
Hispanic(English-speakingonly) 10 21*
Education
Highschoolgradorless 16 31*
Somecollege 29 26
Collegegraduate 52* 42
AnnualHouseholdIncome
Lessthan$30,000 18 21
$30,000-$74,999 39 42
$75,000ormore 33 28
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.NationalaveragedatatakenfromacombinedanalysisofPewInternetJune2010andJanuary2012OmnibusSurveys.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
9/25
9
Haititextdonorsandtheirexperiencesgivingtoearthquakerelief
MostHaititextdonorsinthissamplewerefirst-timemobilegiverswhocontributedtoearthquake
reliefonlyviatextmessage
MostoftheHaititextdonorswesurveyedwereintroducedtotextgivingbytheHaitidisasterthree
quarters(74%)saythattheirdonationtoHaitiearthquakereliefwasthefirsttimetheyhadusedtheir
phonestextmessagingfunctiontomakeadonationtoanevent,causeororganization.Oneinfive
(22%)hadtextedadonationofsomekindpriortotheircontributiontoHaitiearthquakerelief,and5%
arenotsurewhethertheyhaddonesobefore.Youngadultsandlowerincomerespondentswereabit
morelikelythanaveragetosaythatthiswasthefirsttimetheyhadmadeatextmessagecontribution.
Overall,two-thirdsofHaititextdonorsinoursurvey(67%)madeasingletextmessagedonationto
earthquakerelief.Anadditional23%donatedtothecausetwiceusingtheircellphone,andoneinten
(9%)didsothreeormoretimes.AfricanAmericanandLatinotextdonorsaremorelikelythanwhite
donorstohavemademultiplecontributionsusingtheirmobilephones(41%ofblackand40%ofLatino
textdonorsdidso,comparedwith28%ofwhites).Otherwisemostofthedonorswesurveyedmadea
similarnumberofcontributionsusingtheirmobilephone.Notably,first-timedonorsintheHaitigroup
werenomoreorlesslikelytomakemultiplecontributionsthanthosewhohadtextedadonationtoa
causepreviously.
Alongwithbeingmostlyfirst-timetextdonors,asizeablemajorityofmobilegiversinoursurvey
contributedtoearthquakereliefusingonlytheircellphone.Eightinten(80%)didnotdonatetoHaiti
reliefinanyotherway,whileoneinfive(19%)inadditiontotheirtextcontributiondonatedsome
otherwaysuchasonline,inperson,orviaregularmail.Combiningthosewhomademultipledonations
usingtheircellphoneandthosewhomadeatextdonationplussomeotherkindofcontribution,atotal
of42%oftheHaititextdonorssurveyedmademorethanonecontributiontoHaitiearthquakerelief.
Morethanhalfofthesemobiledonorsmadetextcontributionstootherdisasterrecoveryefforts
followingtheHaitiearthquake
AmajorityofHaititextdonorssurveyed(56%)contributedtootherdisasterrecoveryeffortsusingthe
textmessagingfeatureontheircellphonesfollowingtheirdonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.This
includesthosewho:
TextedadonationtogroupshelpingpeoplelivinginJapanfollowingtheMarch2011earthquake
andtsunami(40%ofthosesurveyeddidthis).
TextedadonationtogroupshelpingpeoplelivingintheUSGulfregionfollowingthe2010BPoil
spill(27%).
Textedadonationtogroupshelpingvictimsofthe2011tornadoesintheUnitedStates(18%).
Haititextdonorswhowentontotextcontributionstoothereventsarenotdemographicallydistinct
fromthosewhodidnot.However,thoseindividualswhomademultiplecontributionstoHaitirelief,or
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
10/25
10
whohadtextedacontributiontoanothercausepriortotheHaiticampaign,weremorelikelyto
contributeviatextmessagetolaterdisasterreliefefforts.
ThosewhomademultipletextdonationstoHaitirelief,andthosewhomadeatextdonationpriortoHaiti,aremorelikelytohavecontributed
tootherdisasterrecoveryefforts%withineachgroupwhotextedadonationto
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.
Inadditiontothespecificdisasterrecoveryeffortsaskedaboutinthesurvey,29%oftheseHaititext
donorsvolunteeredthattheyhadtextedadonationtosomeotherorganizationorcausebesidesthose
listedabove.Someofthemorecommonresponsesincluded:
Groupsthatprovidearangeofservices,suchtheRedCrossorUnitedWay(7%ofHaititext
donorsinthissamplementionedmakingacontributionviatextmessagetothistypeof
organization).
OtherdisasterreliefeffortssuchasthoseforHurricaneKatrinaorthe2004IndianOcean
earthquakeandtsunami(6%).
DiseaseresearchorganizationssuchastheAmericanCancerSociety,StandUpToCancerorSt.
JudeChildrensResearchHospital(4%).
AnimalwelfareorganizationssuchasTheHumaneSocietyorPETA(2%).
40%
27%
18%
57%
36%
25%
50%
41%
27%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Japanearthquakeand
tsunami
BPoilspill 2011UStornadoes
AllHaitextdonors(n=863) Texted2+mestoHairelief(n=273) TextdonorpriortoHai(n=186)
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
11/25
11
PublicmediaorNPR,militaryorveteransgroups,faminereliefeffortsandenvironmental
causes(eachofwhichwerementionedbylessthan1%ofsurveyrespondents).
MostHaititextdonorsinthissamplesaythattheircontributiontoHaitirelief(andtextgivingmore
generally)wasaquickdecisioninvolvingminimalresearch
WhenaskedhowlongtheywaitedbetweenfirsthearingaboutthetextdonationcampaignforHaitiand
actuallydonating,halfoftheHaitimobiledonorssurveyed(50%)saythattheydonatedimmediately
uponhearingabouttheeffort.Anadditional23%didnotdonateimmediately,butdiddosowithina
daymeaningthatthree-quartersofthesedonorsmadeacontributiononthesamedaytheyfirstheard
aboutthecampaign.Oneinfive(20%)waitedbetweenonedayandoneweekbeforemakinga
contribution,whileasmallnumber(5%)waitedaweekormoretodonate.
MostHaititextdonorsinthissamplecontributedwithinonedayofhearingaboutthetextdonationcampaign
HowlongHaititextdonorsinthissamplewaitedbetweenfirsthearingaboutthecampaignandmakingtheircontributionviacellphone
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cell
phoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.
Evenforthoseindividualswhowaitedforaperiodoftimebeforedonating,theirdecisiontodonatewas
generallynottheproductofadditionalin-depthresearch.Thosedonorswhodidnotcontribute
immediately,wereaskedwhethertheydidanyadditionalresearchabouttheorganizationtheywere
Donated
immediately50%
Waitedoneday
orless
23%
Waitedmore
thanadaybut
lessthanone
week
20%
Waitedone
weekormore
5%
Don'tknow
2%
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
12/25
12
donatingtoorhowtheirmoneywouldbespentand70%saidthattheydidnotdothisresearch.Thirty
percent(30%)ofthosewhowaitedtodonatesaythattheydidconductadditionalresearch.Butsince
halfofallHaititextdonorssurveyedcontributedimmediately,thatmeansthatjust14%ofalldonorsin
oursampleresearchedwheretheirmoneywouldbegoingbeforetextingtheircontribution.
ThistendencytowardsimpulsegivingviatextmessageextendsnotjusttotheircontributiontoHaitirelief,buttotheirviewsofmobilegivingmoregenerally.Inoursurveyweaskedthesedonorswhether
theironlineandtextmessagecontributionstovariousorganizationsareusuallyaspur-of-the-moment
decision,orwhethertheyusuallydoalotofresearchbeforemakingtheircontribution.Foronline
donations,responsesweresplitevenly45%saythatthesecontributionsareusuallyspur-of-the-
moment,while50%saythattheytendtoresearchtheirdecisionbeforehand.Fortextdonationsonthe
otherhand,quickdecisionsarethenormfully76%saythatthesecontributionsusuallyinvolve
minimalresearch.
Comparedwithonlinedonations,textdonationsaretypicallythe
productoflessdetailedresearchWhenyoumakeanonline/textdonation,isitusually
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&
SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.OnlinedonationfiguresarebasedonHaititextdonorswhohavemadeacharitabledonationonline(n=498).Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.
45%
76%
50%
21%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Onlinedonaons Textdonaons
Usuallyaspur-of-the-momentdecision Usuallydoalotofresearchbeforedonang
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
13/25
13
Theoverwhelmingmajorityofdonorsinthissamplefoundoutaboutthetext-for-Haiticampaignon
television
InformationabouthowtotextadonationtotheHaitireliefeffortsappearedinnumerousvenues,but
televisionisoverwhelminglythemainplacethatthesedonorsrecallseeingthisinformation.When
askedwheretheyrememberseeinginformationaboutthecampaign,nineinten(89%)mentiontelevisionbycomparison,just4%mentiontheinternet,3%mentionanonlinenewsstoryorblogpost,
and2%eachmentiontheradio,textmessagesorpostsonsocialnetworkingsites.
HowHaititextdonorsinthissamplespreadthewordabouttheircontribution
Justunderhalf(43%)oftheHaititextdonorssurveyedindicatethattheyencouragedfriendsorfamily
memberstomakeasimilarcontributionusingtheirmobilephones(56%didnotdothis).
Demographically,youngadultandnon-whitedonorsweremorelikelythanotherstoencouragefriends
orfamilymemberstomakeatextdonationjustoverhalfofblack(53%),Latino(55%)and18-29year
old(54%)textdonorsinthissampledidso.
Whenaskedhowtheywentaboutencouragingotherstocontribute,byfarthemostcommonresponse
wasthroughface-to-faceconversations75%ofthosewhoencouragedotherstomakeacontribution,
didsoviain-persondiscussion.Roughlyonethirdencouragedotherstodonatebymakingaphonecall
orsendingatextmessage,whileoneinfiveencouragedotherstodonatebypostingabouttheir
experiencesonasocialnetworkingsitesuchasFacebookorTwitter.Emailwastheleastcommon
approach:just10%ofthosewhoencouragedotherstodonate,didsobysendinganemail.
HowHaititextdonorsinthissampleencouragedtheirfriendsandfamilytocontribute
%withineachgroupwhoencouragedotherstomakeatextdonationtoHaitireliefby
Thosewhoencouraged
otherstodonate(43%of
textdonorsdidthis)
AllHaititext
donors
Talkingwithothersface-to-
face75% 33%
Callingothersonthephone 38 17
Sendingatextmessage 34 15
Postingabouttheir
experienceonasocial
networkingsite
21 10
Sendinganemail 10 4
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
14/25
14
Overall,theserequestswerelargelysuccessful76%oftheseencouragerssaythattheirfriendsor
familymembersdidinfactmakeadonationviatextmessage.Veryfew(6%)saythatnoneoftheir
friendsorfamilymembersmadeadonation,and18%arenotsureifthishappenedornot.Bycontrast,
just33%ofthosewhodidnotencourageotherstomakeatextdonationareawareofafriendorfamily
memberwhocontributedtothecampaign,althoughalargenumberoftheseindividuals(40%)arenot
sureifthishappenedornot.
MostoftheHaititextdonorssurveyedhavenotcloselyfollowedthepost-earthquakereconstruction
efforts
Aftermakingtheircontributiontoearthquakerelief,relativelyfewHaititextdonorsinthissamplehave
continuedtomonitortheongoingreconstructionefforts.Just3%ofthesedonorshavebeenfollowing
post-earthquakeeventsveryclosely,whileatotalofsixintensaythattheyhavebeenfollowingthese
eventseithernottooclosely(43%)ornotatall(15%).
MostHaititextdonorssurveyedhavepaidrelativelyminimalattentiontotheongoingreconstructioneffortsHowcloselyhaveyoufollowedeventsinHaitifollowingtheearthquake,suchastheongoingreconstructionefforts?
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&
SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.
Althoughtherespondentsinoursamplehadagreedtoreceiveadditionalfollow-upcommunications
fromtheorganizationtheydonatedto,mostdidnotrecallreceivinganyadditionalcontacts80%say
thattheyhavenotreceivedanysuchfollow-upcommunications,comparedwith17%whohave.
Veryclosely
3%
Somewhatclosely
38%Nottooclosely
43%
Notatall
15%
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
15/25
15
ProfileoftheHaititextdonorsinthissample
Incertainkeyrespectstheiruseandownershipoftechnology,forexampletheseHaititextdonors
differdramaticallyfromthepopulationasawhole.However,inotherrespectssuchastheirattention
tonewseventsortheirparticipationingroupstheyarelittledifferentfromotherAmericans.
Haititextdonorsinoursurveyareavidtechnologyusers
TheHaititextdonorssurveyedstandoutfromtheadultpopulationasawholeintheirownershipand
useoftechnology.Comparedwiththenationalaverage,thesedonorsaresignificantlymorelikelytouse
theinternet;ownatabletcomputer,e-readerorlaptop;usetheirmobilephonesforanumberof
activities,suchasaccessingtheinternetorusingsocialmedia;andgoonlinetomakeacharitable
donationoraccessasocialmediasite.
TheHaititextdonorsinoursamplehavehighlevelsoftechnologyownershipcomparedwiththenationalaverage
Nationalaveragefiguresbasedonadults18andolder
HaitiText
Donors
National
Average
%ineachgroupwho
Usetheinternet 97% 78%
Ownalaptopcomputer 82 57
Ownane-reader 24 9
Ownatabletcomputer 23 10
%ofinternetusersineachgroupwho
Usesocialnetworkingsites 83% 64%
Makeadonationtoacharityonline 59 25
UseTwitter 23 12
%ofcellownersineachgroupwhousetheirphoneto
Takeapicture 96% 73%
Accesstheinternet 74 44
Sendorreceiveemail 70 38
Recordavideo 67 34
Useasocialnetworkingsite 59 29
UseTwitter 16 6
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.DataoncellphoneusagetakenfromPewInternetApril26May22,2011TrackingSurvey.DataondeviceownershipandonlineactivitiestakenfromPewInternetJuly25August26,2011TrackingSurvey.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
16/25
16
TheHaititextdonorsinoursurveyareaboutasactiveinsocialorcivicgroupsasotherAmericans
Althoughtheirtechnologyprofiledifferssubstantiallyfromtherestofthepopulation,theseHaitimobile
giversarenearlyidenticaltootherAmericanswhenitcomestogroupinvolvement.Thesurveyasked
thesedonorswhethertheyarecurrentlyactiveinninedifferenttypesofcivicorsocialgroups,andthree
quarters(73%)indicatethattheyareactiveinatleastone.Lookingatthedifferenttypesofgroupsto
whichtheybelong,theseHaititextgiversareslightlymorelikelythanAmericansasawholetobeactive
inacommunityorneighborhoodgroup,andslightlylesslikelytobeactiveinasportsorrecreation
leaguebutotherwiselookalmostidenticaltothenationalaverageintheirgroupparticipation.
TheseHaititextgiversaresimilartootherAmericanswhenitcomestocivic/socialgroupparticipation
%ofHaititextdonorsinoursurveywhoarecurrentlyactiveinthefollowinggroups
HaitiTextDonors
NationalAverage
Church,synagogue,mosqueorother
placeofworship7
41% 40%
Charitableorvolunteerorganization,
suchasHabitatforHumanityorthe
HumaneSociety
26 22
Communitygrouporneighborhood
association24* 19
Sportsorrecreationleague 20 24*
Politicalpartyororganization 16 15
Parentgroupororganization,suchasthe
PTAorlocalparentsupportgroup15 13
Performanceorartsgroup,suchasa
choir,dancegrouporcraftguild11 10
Youthgroup,suchastheScouts,YMCA
or4-H10 9
Environmentalgroup 9 7
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedto
furthercontactsontheirmobilephone.NationalaveragedatatakenfromPewInternetNovember23December21,2010SocialSideoftheInternetTrackingSurvey.
7Wedidnotaskdirectlyaboutattendanceatreligiousservices;ratherweaskedrespondentsiftheyarecurrently
activeinachurch,synagogue,mosqueorotherplaceofworship(41%saidyestothisquestion).ThePew
ResearchCenterforthePeopleandthePresshasfoundinnationalsurveysthat37%ofUSadultsattendreligious
servicesonaweeklybasis(seehttp://www.people-press.org/question-
search/?qid=1796515&pid=51&ccid=51#top ).
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
17/25
17
Haititextdonorsinthissamplecommunicatewiththeirgroupsinanumberofways,althoughemail
andface-to-facecontactaretheirpreferredmethods
TheHaititextdonorssurveyedreportusinganumberofchannelstocommunicatewithothermembers
ofthegroupstowhichtheybelong,withemailandface-to-facemeetingsbeingthemostcommonand
Twittertheleastcommon.Thetypical(median)groupmemberhasusedfourdifferentchannelsto
communicatewithothergroupmembersinthepreceding12months.
Haititextdonorsinthissamplecommunicatewiththeirgroupsusinganumberofchannels%ofHaititextdonorsinoursurveywhohavecommunicatedwiththegrouptheyareMOSTinvolvedwithinthepast12monthsusing(totalsmaysumtomorethan100%duetomultipleresponses)
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.
Notonlyareemailandface-to-facemeetingsthemostprevalentformsofgroupcommunication,they
alsoleadthealternativesasthemostpreferredmethodforcommunicatingwithothergroupmembers.
Whenaskedhowtheyprefertocommunicatewithothergroupmembers,35%oftheseHaitimobile
giversciteface-to-facecontactwhile31%citeemail.Socialnetworkingsitesarethenextmost
commonlymentionedcommunicationmethod,citedby9%ofHaititextdonorsinthissurveywhoare
activeinanygroups.
74%66%
56%49%
45% 44%36%
4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
18/25
18
Haititextdonorsinthissamplepreferemailandface-to-facemeetingswhencommunicatingwiththeirgroupsHowHaititextdonorsinthissamplePREFERtocommunicatewithothersinthegroupwithwhichtheyareMOSTinvolved
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheir
mobilephone.
Face-to-faceandemailcontactarethemostpreferredmodesofgroupcommunicationamongevery
majordemographicsubgroup.However,thereissomeminorvariationaroundraceandethnicity,as
blackHaitidonorsinoursurveyareroughlytwiceaslikelyaswhitestoprefercommunicationvia
telephone(13%vs.6%)andtextmessage(11%vs.6%).Whitedonorsinoursurveyaremorelikelyto
preferemailcontact(37%vs.21%),andarealsoslightlymorelikelytopreferusingawebsitewhenthey
needtocommunicatewithothergroupmembers.Additionally,collegegraduatespreferemail
communication(39%)byaslightmarginoverface-to-facemeetings(34%)whentheyneedtointeract
withtheirgroups.
Email
31%
Facetoface
meengs
35%
Telephone7%
Group'swebsite
5%
Printleeror
newsleer
5%
Textmessaging
7%
Socialnetworksites
9%
Don'tknow
1%
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
19/25
19
MostoftheHaitimobiledonorsinoursurveywhobelongtoagrouphavecontributedmoneytothat
group,andtheirgeneralgivinghabitsaresimilartothepopulationasawhole
Nearlyallofthe73%ofHaititextdonorsinthissurveywhobelongtoagroupororganization,have
madeamonetarycontributiontotheirgroup(s)inthepastalthoughtheyaremorelikelytodonateto
somegroupscomparedwithothers.Attheupperendofthespectrum,roughlynineintenoftheHaititextdonorsinthissamplewhobelongtoagroupaffiliatedwiththeirplaceofworship,acharitableor
volunteerorganization,anenvironmentalgrouporaparentgroupororganizationhavemadea
monetarycontributionofsomekindtothosegroups.Conversely,aroundtwo-thirdsofthesedonors
whobelongtoaperformance/artsgroup,orasports/recreationleague,havemadeacontributionto
thesegroups.
ThegroupstowhichtheseHaititextdonorsmakemonetarycontributionsBasedonHaititextdonorsinthissamplewhoareactiveineachgroup
%ofactivememberswhohavemadeadonation
Church,mosque,synagogueorotherplaceofworship
(n=350)95%
Charitableorvolunteerorganization(n=222) 93
Environmentalgroup(n=74) 91
Parentgroupororganization(n=128) 89
Youthgroup(n=90) 83
Communityorneighborhoodgroup(n=205) 77
Politicalpartyororganization(n=134) 76
Performanceorartsgroup(n=94) 68Sportsorrecreationleague(n=172) 56
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet
&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cell
phoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3
percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheir
mobilephone.
Alongwithaskingwhethertheyhaveeverdonatedtothespecificgroupsinwhichtheyareactive,the
surveyalsoaskedHaititextdonorsinthissamplehowmuchtheyhavecontributedoveralltocharitable
orvolunteerorganizationsintheprevious12monthsregardlessofwhethertheyareactuallya
memberofthoseorganizations.8Thelargestgroup(comprising26%oftheHaititextdonorssurveyed)
donated$50orlessoverthepasttwelvemonths,andtwothirdsofthesedonorshavecontributed$250
orlesstocharitablecausesinthelastyear.However,thisquestiongarneredawiderangeofresponses
asnearlyoneinfive(17%)donatedmorethan$500tocharitableornon-profitorganizationsoverthat
8Respondentswereaskedtoexcludedonationstotheirchurchorplaceofworshipinansweringthisquestion
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
20/25
20
timeperiodandoneinten(9%)donatedmorethan$1,000.Thesefigureslargelymirrorcharitable
givinghabitswithinthepopulationasawhole.Usingaslightlydifferentquestionwordingina2008
survey,wefoundthatroughlysixintencharitablegiversintheoverallpopulationhadcontributed$250
orlessintheprecedingtwelvemonths,whileroughlyoneinfivehadcontributedmorethan$500.
TotalyearlygivingbyHaititextdonorsinthissampleHowmuchtheHaititextdonorssurveyedhavecontributedtocharitableornon-profitorganizationsinthepast12months,notincludingtheirchurchorplaceofworship
$50orless 26%
$51to$100 19
$101to$250 20
$251to$500 13
$501to$1,000 8
$1,001to$2,500 4
Morethan$2,500 5
Havenotdonatedinlast12months 2
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterfor
Internet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof
863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris
+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactson
theirmobilephone.
AlthoughtheHaititextdonorsinoursurveylooksimilartothenationalaverageintheiroverall
charitablegivinghabits,theyaswellastextdonorsmoregenerallydifferinimportantwaysfromtheoveralluniverseofcharitablegivers.Comparedwiththosewhohavemadeanysortofcharitable
donationintheprevioustwelvemonths:
Mobilegiversareyoungerthantheoverallpopulationofcharitablegivers.Inour2008national
survey,wefoundthat14%ofthosewhohadmadeanykindofcharitabledonationinthe
precedingtwelvemonthswerebetweentheagesof18and29,while16%were65orolder.By
contrast,bothtextgiversasawholeandtheHaitidonorsinthissamplearemuchyounger
roughly30%ofbothgroupsarebetweentheagesof18and29,whilejust5%oftheseHaiti
donorsand4%ofalltextdonorsare65orolder.Putanotherway,youngadultsareroughly
twiceasprominentamongtextgiversastheyareamongcharitablegiversasawhole. Mobilegiversaremoreraciallyandethnicallydiversethantheoverallpopulationofcharitable
givers.Whitescomprisethree-quarters(75%)ofallcharitablegivers,butmakeuptwo-thirds
(63%)ofthissampleofHaitidonorsandjusthalf(51%)ofalltextdonors.AfricanAmericans
compriseanespeciallylargeproportionofthemobilegivinguniversetheyrepresent8%ofall
charitabledonorsbasedonour2008nationalsurvey,butcomprise17%ofthosewhohave
textedadonationofanykindand18%oftheHaitidonorsinthissample.
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
21/25
21
TheseHaitidonorsequallyprefertomakecontributionsviaemail,in-person,onlineorbytext
messagebutdonotcarefordonatingmoneyoverthephone
Whenaskedhowtheygenerallyprefertocontributemoneytocausesororganizations,thesemobile
donorsprovidearangeofresponseswithnoonemethodstandingoutastheclearfavorite.Onlineweb
formsandtextmessagingarepreferredonlyslightlytoin-personandpostalmaildonations,althoughdonatingviaphonecalltrailsallotheroptionsbyasignificantmargin;just6%ofHaititextdonorsinthis
sampleprefertodonateoverthephone.
HowHaititextdonorsinoursurveyprefertomakecharitablecontributions%whomostprefertodonatemoneytothecausesororganizationstheyareinterestedinvia
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cellphoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.
Comparedwiththenationalaverage,Haititextdonorsinthissamplearenotespeciallyfocusedon
newsevents
TheHaititextdonorssurveyedarenotespeciallyfixatedoninternationalnewscomparedwiththe
populationasawhole.Whenaskedwhichstatementbestdescribesthemwhenitcomesto
internationalnewsconsumption,56%oftheseHaitidonorssaythattheyfollowinternationalnews
closelymostofthetimeregardlessofwhethersomethingimportantishappening,while43%indicate
thattheyusuallyonlyfollowinternationalnewswhensomethingimportanthappenseachoftheseis
Textmessage
25%
Onlineweb
form
24%
Postalmail
22%
Inperson
19%
Phonecall
6%
Depends
2%
Don'tknow/
Refuse
2%
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
22/25
22
nearlyidenticaltooverallpopulationresponsesfrompreviousPewInternetsurveys.Moreover,these
Haititextdonorsfollowinternationaleventslesscloselythantheyfolloweithernationalorlocalnews,
althoughhereaswelltheyaresimilartoAmericansasawhole.
Haititextdonorsinthissampledonotfollownewseventsany
morecloselythanthepopulationasawhole%whofollowdifferenttypesofnewsmostofthetime,whetherornotsomethingimportantishappening
Source:PewResearchCentersInternet&AmericanLifeProject,BerkmanCenterforInternet&SocietyandmGiveFoundationSeptember9,2011October13,2011surveyof863cell
phoneownerswhotextedadonationtoHaitiearthquakerelief.NationalaveragedatatakenfromPewInternetJanuary12-25,2011LocalNewsSurvey.Marginoferroris+/-3percentagepointsbasedonHaititextdonorswhoconsentedtofurthercontactsontheirmobilephone.
Neighborhoodcharacteristics
Whenaskedhowmuchimpactpeoplelikethemselvescanhaveinmakingtheircommunityabetter
placetolive,roughlyonethirdoftheHaititextdonorssurveyed(37%)feelthattheycanhaveabig
impact,andclosetohalf(46%)feelthattheycanhaveamoderateimpact.Justoveroneinten(14%)
feelthattheycanhaveonlyasmallimpact,and3%feelthattheyhavenoimpactatallonmaking
theircommunityabetterplace.Overall,thesefiguresarecomparabletothenationalaverageforallUS
adultsasestablishedinpreviousPewInternetsurveys.
Intermsofwheretheylive,theHaititextdonorsinthissamplearerelativelyrecentarrivalstotheir
currentneighborhoodsincomparisontothenationalaverage.Roughlyhalf(49%)havelivedintheir
currentneighborhoodforfiveyearsorless,comparedwith35%ofallUSadultswhosaidthesameina
recentPewInternetsurvey.However,despitebeingmorerecentarrivalstotheircurrentneighborhood
thesetextdonorsarenotdramaticallylesslikelytoknowtheirneighbors.Twenty-twopercentofthese
56%
70% 68%
56%
68%72%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Internaonalnews Naonalnews Localnews
Haitextdonors Naonalaverage
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
23/25
23
donorsknowthenamesofalltheirneighborsand54%knowsomeofthem,bothofwhicharecloseto
ratesfortheadultpopulationasawhole(28%and48%,respectively).
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
24/25
24
Methodology
Summary
TheMobileGivingSurveyobtainedtelephoneinterviewswithasampleof1,003adultswhowerelisted
inmakingdonationsviatextmessagesontheircellphoneandhadconsentedtofurther
communicationsontheircellphoneatthetimeoftheirinitialcontribution.Thesurveywasconducted
byPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesInternational.TheinterviewswereconductedinEnglishby
PrincetonDataSourcefromSept.19-Oct.13,2011.Themarginofsamplingerrorforthecompletesetof
datais3.1percentagepoints.
Detailsonthedesign,executionandanalysisofthesurveyarediscussedbelow.
SampleDesign
TheuniverseforthisstudyiscellphoneuserswhocontributedmoneytoHaitiearthquakereliefviatext
messagesthatwereroutedthroughthemGive.comserversaftertheearthquakeinJanuary2010,andwhoconsentedtofurthercontactsatthephonenumberusedtomaketheircontribution.
Theuniversecontained565,211cellularphonenumbers.Thenumberswererandomizedandthen
groupedintoreplicates.Replicateswerereleasedinorderuntilthetargetednumberofcompleteswas
achieved.Atotalof41,606numbersweredialed.
ContactProcedures
InterviewswereconductedfromSept.19-Oct.13,2011.Asmanyas5attemptsweremadetocontact
everysampledtelephonenumber.Samplewasreleasedforinterviewinginreplicates,whichare
representativesubsamplesofthelargersample.Usingreplicatestocontrolthereleaseofsampleensuresthatcompletecallproceduresarefollowedfortheentiresample.Callswerestaggeredover
timesofdayanddaysoftheweektomaximizethechanceofmakingcontactwithpotential
respondents.Interviewingwasspreadasevenlyaspossibleacrossthedaysinfield.Eachtelephone
numberwascalledatleastonetimeduringthedayinanattempttocompleteaninterview.
Foreachcall,interviewersverifiedthatthatrespondentwasanadult18yearsorolder.Afterconfirming
thattherespondenthasbeenusingthephonenumbersinceatleastJanuary2010,interviewersthen
askedthepersononthephoneiftheywouldbewillingtoparticipateina15minutesurvey.
ResponseRate
Table1reportsthedispositionofallsampledtelephonenumberseverdialedfromtheoriginal
telephonenumbersamples.Theresponserateestimatesthefractionofalleligiblerespondentsinthe
samplethatwereultimatelyinterviewed.AtPSRAIitiscalculatedbytakingtheproductofthree
componentrates:
-
8/3/2019 Real Time Charitable Giving
25/25
25
Contactratetheproportionofworkingnumberswherearequestforinterviewwasmade
Cooperationratetheproportionofcontactednumberswhereaconsentforinterviewwasat
leastinitiallyobtained,versusthoserefused
Completionratetheproportionofinitiallycooperatingandeligibleinterviewsthatwere
completed
Thustheresponserateforthesamplewas7percent.
Table 1: Sample Disposition
41,606 Total Numbers Dialed
254 Non-residential
5 Computer/Fax
4,574 Other not working
207 Additional projected not working
36,566 Working numbers
87.9% Working Rate
69 No Answer / Busy
22,193 Voice Mail
13 Other Non-Contact
14,291 Contacted numbers
39.1% Contact Rate
2,769 Callback
9,054 Refusal
2,468 Cooperating numbers
17.3% Cooperation Rate
98 Language Barrier
1,354 Child's cell phone / Screened-out / Ineligible S2
1,016 Eligible numbers
41.2% Eligibility Rate
13 Break-off
1,003 Completes
98.7% Completion Rate
6.7% Response Rate